Enklave Palestina

Proposal dalam rencana perdamaian Trump (termasuk terowongan menuja Gaza dan belahan Gurun Negev)

Enklave Palestina adalah wilayah yang diusulkan di Tepi Barat yang dirancang untuk orang Palestina di bawah berbagai proporsal yang dicetuskan Amerika Serikat dan Israel untuk mengakhiri konflik Israel-Palestina.^[a]^[1] Dalam hal perbandingan populer antara Israel dan Afrika Selatan era apartheid, enklave-enklave tersebut juga disebut sebagai bantustan^[b]^[c]^[d]^[e]^[f]^[g] dan secara figuratif sebagai kepulauan Palestina,^[h]^[4]^[5]^[i] beserta istilah-istilah lainnya.

Catatan

^ "Faced with widely drawn international parallels between the West Bank and the Bantustans of apartheid South Africa, senior figures in Mr Netanyahu's Likud party have begun to admit the danger.' (Stephens 2013)
^ "They explain the parallels between the fragmented Palestinian enclosures in the West Bank and Gaza Strip and the Bantustans in apartheid era South Africa. They argue that a Palestinian state comprised of these isolated enclosures would be both illegitimate and unviable" (Clarno 2017, hlm. 4)
^ " The relationship in question is the one between Israel and South Africa's former Bantustans, in particular Bophuthatswana. That this relationship has been forgotten is all the more surprising given the parallels between South Africa's apartheid policy and Israel's treatment of Palestinians, as well as between South Africa's Bantustan strategy and Israel's carving up of the Palestinian territories." (Lissoni 2015, Ch.4)
^ "Palestine's fragments do resemble the spatial array of the Bantustans in South Africa." (Peteet 2017, hlm. 63)
^ "The archipelago of Palestinian enclaves proposed by Trump — subordinate to Israeli security concerns and more akin to the "bantustans" of apartheid-era South Africa — is emphatically not that." (Tharoor 2020)
^ "Fragmenting the Palestinian territory into fenced-in enclaves resembles the grand apartheid Bantustan policy of pretending that noncontiguous patches of land could eventually constitute viable independent states. Impoverished and overcrowded under corrupt and unpopular authoritarian rulers, these "homelands" in both cases were—and are—doomed to fail in fulfilling the aspirations of their populations. In addition, when two sets of laws apply to residents of the same territory (as is the case for Israeli settlers and Palestinians), then this differential treatment amounts to apartheid." (Adam & Moodley 2005, hlm. 104)
^ Also contracted as "Palutustans".'The experience of the past four decades puts a question mark over this assumption. If a Palestinian state is not established, Israel will most likely continue to administer the area, possibly allotting crumbs of sovereignty to Palestinian groups in areas that will continue to function as "Palutustans" (Palestinian Bantustans)."^[2] Francis Boyle, former Amnesty International USA board member and legal advisor to the Palestinians in Madrid (1991-1993), and presently professor of International Law at the University of Illinois College of Law, after describing the process of peace negotiations as designed to create a Bantustan for Palestinians, argued that historically, it was Western imperial colonial powers, whose policies in his view had been racist and genocidal that, in creating Israel, had effectively established what was a Bantustan for the Jewish people themselves, an entity he called "Jewistan".^[3]
^ "In 2009, French artist Julien Bousac designed a map of the West Bank titled "L'archipel de Palestine orientale, " or "The Archipelago of Eastern Palestine"... Bousac's map illustrates — via a military and a tourist imaginary — how the US-brokered Oslo Accords fragmented the West Bank into enclaves separated by checkpoints and settlements that maintain Israeli control over the West Bank and circumscribe the majority of the Palestinian population to shrinking Palestinian city and village centers." (Kelly 2016, hlm. 723–745)
^ an archipelago of enclaves (Peteet 2016, hlm. 256)

Kutipan

^ Chaichian 2013, hlm. 271–319.
^ Yiftachel 2016, hlm. 320.
^ Boyle 2011, hlm. 13–17, p.60.
^ Barak 2005, hlm. 719–736.
^ Baylouny 2009, hlm. 39–68.

Sumber

Abu-Lughod, Janet (4 September 1981). "The Fourth United Nations seminar on the Question of Palestine". United Nations. hlm. 61.
Ackerman, Peter; DuVall, Jack (1 December 2015). A Force More Powerful: A Century of Non-violent Conflict. St. Martin's Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-250-10520-2.
Adam, Heribert; Moodley, Kogila (2005). Seeking Mandela: Peacemaking Between Israelis and Palestinians. Psychology Press. hlm. 104. ISBN 978-1-84472-130-6.
Adem, Seada Hussein (5 April 2019). Palestine and the International Criminal Court. T.M.C. Asser Press. ISBN 978-94-6265-291-0.
Alissa, Sufyan (2013). "6: The economics of an independent Palestine". Dalam Hilal, Jamil. Where Now for Palestine?: The Demise of the Two-State Solution. Zed Books. ISBN 978-1-84813-801-8.
Arafat, Yasser (1978). "The PLO Position". Journal of Palestine Studies. 7 (3): 171–174. doi:10.2307/2536214. JSTOR 2536214.
Arieli, Shaul (November 2017). Messianism Meets Reality The Israeli Settlement Project in Judea and Samaria: Vision or Illusion, 1967-2016 (PDF) (Laporan). Economic Cooperation Foundation.
Barak, Oren (November 2005). "The Failure of the Israeli-Palestinian Peace Process, 1993-2000". Journal of Peace Research. 42 (6): 719–736. doi:10.1177/0022343305057889. JSTOR 30042415.
Baylouny, Anne Marie (September 2009). "Fragmented Space and Violence in Palestine". International Journal on World Peace. 26 (3): 39–68. hdl:10945/35591 . JSTOR 20752894.
Becker, Gabriela (2006). "'Final Borders' and 'Security Zones' in Palestine: Israeli Plans for a Bantustan 'State'". Economic and Political Weekly. 41 (13): 1237–1240. JSTOR 4418023.
Behar, Moshe (2016). "Past and Present Perfect of Israel's One-State Solution". Dalam Ehrenberg, John; Peled, Yoav. Israel and Palestine Alternative Perspectives on Statehood. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. hlm. 243–270. ISBN 978-1-442-24508-2 – via ResearchGate.
Benvenisti, Meron (26 April 2004). "Bantustan Plan for an apartheid Israel". The Guardian.
Benvenisti, Meron (28 December 2006). "The temples of the occupation". Haaretz. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2 December 2008.
Bevan, Robert (2007). The Destruction of Memory: Architecture at War. United Kingdom: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-186189205-8.
Blecher, Robert (2005). "Transportational Contiguity". Middle East Report, also at Google books.
Bowman, Glenn (2007). "Israel's wall and the logic of encystation: Sovereign exception or wild sovereignty?". Focaal-European Journal of Anthropology (50): 127–136.
Boyle, Francis (2011). The Palestinian Right of Return Under International Law. Clarity Press. ISBN 978-0-932-86393-5.
Brogan, Patrick (16 June 1967). "Problems of Victory Divide Israel". The Times.
Burns, Jacob; Perugini, Nicola (2016). "Untangling the Oslo Lines". Dalam Manna, Jumana; Storihle, Sille. The Goodness Regime (PDF). hlm. 38–43.
Carter, Jimmy (2006). Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-84737-512-4.
Chaichian, Mohammed (2013). "Bantustans, Maquiladoras, and the Separation Barrier Israeli Style". Empires and Walls: Globalization, Migration, and Colonial Domination. BRILL. hlm. 271–319. ISBN 978-9-004-26066-5.
Chomsky, Noam; Barsamian, David (2001). Propaganda and the Public Mind: Conversations with Noam Chomsky. Pluto Press. ISBN 978-0-745-31788-5.
Clarno, Andrew James (2009). The Empire's New Walls: Sovereignty, Neo-liberalism, and the Production of Space in Post-apartheid South Africa and Post-Oslo Palestine/Israel (Tesis). pp. 66–67. ISBN 978-1-244-00753-6. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/127105.
Clarno, Andy (2017). Neoliberal Apartheid: Palestine/Israel and South Africa After 1994. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-43009-6.
Cohen, Amichai (2 January 2020). "The West Bank's new Bantustans". Ynetnews.
Cook, Catherine; Hanieh, Adam (2006). "35: Walling in People Walling out Sovereignty". Dalam Beinin, Joel; Stein, Rebecca L. The Struggle for Sovereignty: Palestine and Israel, 1993-2005. Stanford University Press. hlm. 338–347. ISBN 978-0-8047-5365-4.
Cook, Jonathan (2013). Disappearing Palestine: Israel's Experiments in Human Despair. Zed Books. ISBN 978-1-848-13649-6.
Dear, Louise; Mushasha, Sufian (2010). Human Development Report 2009/10 Investing in Human Security for a Future State (PDF) (Laporan). UNDP.
Displacement and the 'Jerusalem Question': An Overview of the Negotiations over East Jerusalem and Developments on the Ground (PDF) (Laporan). Norwegian Refugee Council. April 2015.
Drew, Catriona (1997). "6: Self Determination, Population Transfer and the Middle East Peace Accords". Dalam Bowen, Stephen. Human Rights, Self-Determination and Political Change in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN 90-411-0502-6.
Dugard, John (29 January 2007). Implementation of General Assembly Resolution 60/251 of 15 March 2006 entitled "Human Rights Council": Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967 (Laporan). United Nations.
Dumper, Michael (17 June 2014). Jerusalem Unbound: Geography, History, and the Future of the Holy City. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-53735-3.
Efrat, Elisha (2006). The West Bank and Gaza Strip: A Geography of Occupation and Disengagement. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-17217-7.
Eldar, Akiva (13 May 2003). "Sharon's Bantustans Are Far From Copenhagen's Hope". Haaretz.
Eldar, Akiva (18 June 2007). "Sharon's Dream". Haaretz.
Elon, Amos (19 December 1996). "Israel and the End of Zionism". The New York Review of Books.
Entous, Adam (9 July 2018). "The Maps of Israeli Settlements That Shocked Barack Obama". New Yorker Magazine.
Falah, Ghazi-Walid (2005). "The Geopolitics of 'Enclavisation' and the Demise of a Two-State Solution to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict". Third World Quarterly. 26 (8): 1341–1372. doi:10.1080/01436590500255007. JSTOR 4017718.
Farsakh, Leila (Spring 2005). "Independence, Cantons, or Bantustans: Whither the Palestinian State?". Middle East Journal. 59 (2): 230–245. doi:10.3751/59.2.13. JSTOR 4330126.
Feld, Marjorie N. (2014). Nations Divided: American Jews and the Struggle over Apartheid. Springer. ISBN 978-1-137-02972-0.
Finkelstein, Norman G. (2003). Image and Reality of the Israel-Palestine Conflict (edisi ke-2nd). Verso. ISBN 978-1-859-84442-7.
Forced Population Transfer: the Case of Palestine, Segregation, Fragmentation and Isolation (PDF) (Laporan). BADIL Resource Center for Palestinian Residency and Refugee Rights. February 2020.
Fragmenting Palestine: Formulas for Partition since the British Mandate (PDF) (Laporan). PASSIA. May 2013.
Gelvin, James L. (2007). The Israel-Palestine Conflict: One Hundred Years of War. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-88835-6.
"George Bush pledges for Middle East peace within a year". Evening Standard. 11 January 2008.
Ghandour-Demiri, Nada (2016). "Israel-Palestine: An Archipelago of (In)security". Dalam Cavelty, Myriam Dunn; Balzacq, Thierry. Routledge Handbook of Security Studies (edisi ke-2nd). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-62091-4.
Gil, Avi (2020). Shimon Peres: An Insider's Account of the Man and the Struggle for a New Middle East. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-755-61703-6.
Goldschmidt, Arthur, Jr (2018). A Concise History of the Middle East. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-429-97515-8.
Goodman, Hirsh (2011). The Anatomy of Israel's Survival. Hachette UK. ISBN 978-1-610-39083-5.
Gordon, Dr Neve (2 October 2008). Israel's Occupation. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-94236-3.
Gorenberg, Gershom (2006). The Accidental Empire: Israel and the Birth of the Settlements, 1967-1977. Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 978-1-466-80054-0.
Haddad, Mohammed (26 June 2020). "Palestine and Israel: Mapping an annexation". Al Jazeera.
Haddad, Toufic (2009). "Gaza: Birthing a Bantustan". Dalam Tikva, Honig-Parnass; Haddad, Toufic. Between the Lines: Israel, the Palestinians, and the U.S. War on Terror. Haymarket Books. hlm. 280–290 2. ISBN 978-1-608-46047-2.
Hajjar, Lisa (2001). "Law against Order: Human Rights Organizations and (versus?) the Palestinian Authority". University of Miami Law Review. 56 (1).
Halbfinger, David M.; Rasgon, Adam (19 June 2020). "As Annexation Looms, Israeli Experts Warn of Security Risks". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 24 February 2021.
Halper, Jeff (Winter 2004). "Israel and Empire". Journal of Palestine Studies. 33 (2): 105–106. doi:10.1525/jps.2004.33.2.102. JSTOR 10.1525/jps.2004.33.2.102.
Hareuveni, Eyal; Etkes, Dror (March 2021). This Is Ours – And This, Too Israel's Settlement Policy in the West Bank (PDF) (Laporan). B'Tselem & Kerem Navot.
Harker, Christopher (2020). Spacing Debt: Obligations, Violence, and Endurance in Ramallah, Palestine. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-147801247-4.
Harms, Gregory; Ferry, Todd M. (2017). The Palestine-Israel Conflict: A Basic Introduction 4th Ed. Pluto Press. ISBN 978-0-7453-2378-7.
Harris, Brice, Jr (Summer 1984). "The South Africanization of Israel". Arab Studies Quarterly. 6 (3): 169–189. JSTOR 41857718.
Hass, Amira (29 November 2004). "Donor Countries Won't Fund Israeli-planned Separate Roads for Palestinians". Haaretz.
Hass, Amira (15 September 2018). "With Oslo, Israel's Intention Was Never Peace or Palestinian Statehood". Haaretz.
Holzman-Gazit, Dr Yifat (28 February 2013). Land Expropriation in Israel: Law, Culture and Society. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4094-9592-5.
Honig-Parnass, Tikva (2011). The False Prophets of Peace: Liberal Zionism and the Struggle for Palestine. Haymarket Books. ISBN 978-1-608-46214-8.
Hunter, Jane (Spring 1986). "Israel and the Bantustans". Journal of Palestine Studies. 15 (3): 53–89. doi:10.2307/2536750. JSTOR 2536750.
Hunter, Jane (1987). Israeli Foreign Policy: South Africa and Central America. South End Press. ISBN 978-0-896-08285-4.
Indyk, Martin (February 2020). "Trump's Unfair Middle East Plan Leaves Nothing to Negotiate". Foreign Affairs.
"Intervista". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 26 May 2006. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-01-13. Diakses tanggal 2021-04-27.
Israel/Palestine: Exploring A One State Reality (PDF) (Laporan). The Project on Middle East Political Science. July 2020.
"Israeli annexation of parts of the Palestinian West Bank would break international law – UN experts call on the international community to ensure accountability". UNHRC. 16 June 2020.
ITAN: Integrated Territorial Analysis of the Neighbourhoods. Scientific Report – Annexes; Applied Research 2013/1/22 Final Report (PDF) (Laporan). 11 March 2015. hlm. 889.
Judt, Tony (23 October 2003). "Israel: The Alternative". The New York Review of Books.
Judt, Tony; Michaeli, Merav (14 September 2011). "Tony Judt's Final Word on Israel". The Atlantic.
Kamrava, Mehran (2016). The Impossibility of Palestine: History, Geography, and the Road Ahead. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-22085-8.
Kelly, Jennifer Lynn (September 2016). "Asymmetrical Itineraries: Militarism, Tourism, and Solidarity in Occupied Palestine" (PDF). American Quarterly. 68 (3): 723–745. doi:10.1353/aq.2016.0060.
Kirby, Jen (13 July 2020). "Israel's West Bank annexation plan and why it's stalled, explained by an expert". Vox.
Korn, Alina (2013). "6: The Ghettoization of the Palestinians". Dalam Lentin, Ronit. Thinking Palestine. Zed Books. ISBN 978-1-84813-789-9.
Kretzmer, David (25 April 2002). The Occupation of Justice: The Supreme Court of Israel and the Occupied Territories. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-5337-7.
Le More, Anne (October 2005). "Killing with Kindness: Funding the Demise of a Palestinian State". International Affairs. 81 (5): 981–999. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2346.2005.00498.x. JSTOR 3569071.
Le More, Anne (31 March 2008). International Assistance to the Palestinians after Oslo: Political guilt, wasted money. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-05232-5.
Levy, Daniel (30 January 2020). "Don't Call It a Peace Plan". The American Prospect.
Liel, Alon (2020). "Trump's "Deal of the Century" Is Modeled on South African Apartheid". Palestine-Israel Journal of Politics, Economics and Culture. 25 (1&2): 100–120.
Lissoni, Arianna (2015). "Apartheid's Little Israel: Bophuthatswana". Dalam Jacobs, Sean; Soske, Jon. Apartheid Israel: The Politics of an Analogy. Haymarket Books. hlm. 53–66. ISBN 978-1-608-46519-4.
Loewenstein, Antony; Moor, Ahmed (25 March 2013). After Zionism: One State for Israel and Palestine. Saqi. hlm. 14. ISBN 978-0-86356-739-1.
Lord, Amnon (28 May 2020). "Netanyahu: The Palestinians have to concede, not Israel". Israel Hayom. (also in Hebrew: ראש הממשלה בראיון מיוחד ל"ישראל היום": "לא אנחנו נוותר, אלא הפלשתינים")
Lustick, Ian (1988). For the Land and the Lord: Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel. Council on Foreign Relations. ISBN 9780876090367.
Lustick, Ian (1997). "Has Israel Annexed East Jerusalem?" (PDF). Middle East Policy. 5 (1): 34–45. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4967.1997.tb00247.x.
Lustick, Ian (2005). "The One-State Reality: Reading the Trump-Kushner Plan as a Morbid Symptom". The Arab World Geographer. 23 (1): 23.
Lynk, Michael (31 January 2020). "UN expert alarmed by 'lopsided' Trump plan, says will entrench occupation". UNHCR.
Machover, Moshé (2012). Israelis and Palestinians: Conflict and Resolution. Haymarket Books. ISBN 978-1-608-46148-6.
Makdisi, Saree (2005). "Said, Palestine, and the Humanism of Liberation". Critical Inquiry. 31 (2): 443–461. doi:10.1086/430974. JSTOR 430974.
Makdisi, Saree (2012). Palestine Inside Out: An Everyday Occupation. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-06996-9.
Marzano, Arturo (Spring 2011). "Italian Foreign Policy towards Israel: The Turning Point of the Berlusconi Government (2001––2006)". Israel Studies. 16 (1): 79–103. doi:10.2979/isr.2011.16.1.79. JSTOR 10.2979/isr.2011.16.1.79.
McColl, R. W.; Newman, D. (1992). "States in Formation: The Ghetto State as Typified in the West Bank and Gaza Strip". GeoJournal. 28 (3): 333–345. doi:10.1007/BF00817910. JSTOR 41145605.
McMahon, Sean F. (2010). The Discourse of Palestinian-Israeli Relations: Persistent Analytics and Practices. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-20204-0.
Mendel, Yonatan (June 2013). "New Jerusalem". New Left Review. No. 81.
Moghayer, Taher J.T.; Daget, Yidnekachew Tesmamma; Wang, Xingping (2017). "Challenges of urban planning in Palestine". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 81 (1): 1–5. Bibcode:2017E&ES...81a2152M. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/81/1/012152 .
Mohammed, Arshad; Holland, Steve (11 February 2020). "Palestinians' Abbas, at U.N., says U.S. offers Palestinians 'Swiss cheese' state". Reuters.
Molinari, Maurizio (2000). L'interesse nazionale: dieci storie dell'Italia nel mondo. Laterza. ISBN 978-8-842-06063-5.
Motro, Shari (September–October 2005). "Lessons From the Swiss Cheese Map". Legal Affairs. hlm. 46–50. Diakses tanggal 8 February 2021.
- Also available at https://scholarship.richmond.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1350&context=law-faculty-publications
Nassar, Prof Jamal R. (15 March 1982). "The Fourth United Nations seminar on the Question of Palestine". United Nations. hlm. 134.
Niksic, Orhan; Eddin, Nur Nasser; Cali, Massimiliano (10 July 2014). Area C and the Future of the Palestinian Economy. World Bank Publications. ISBN 978-1-464-80196-9.
"The Origins and Evolution of the Palestine Problem, Part V: 1989-2000". United Nations. 21 April 2014.
The Palestinian economy in East Jerusalem: Enduring annexation, isolation and disintegration (PDF) (Laporan). UNCTAD. 2013.
"Palestinian territories - Timeline". BBC. 8 April 2019. Diakses tanggal 9 February 2021.
Parizot, Cédric (2009). "Temporalities and Perceptions of the Separation between Israelis and Palestinians". Bulletin du Centre de recherche français à Jérusalem (dalam bahasa Prancis). 20 – via OpenEdition Journals.
Parsons, Nigel (2005). The Politics of the Palestinian Authority: From Oslo to Al-Aqsa. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-94523-7.
Pedahzur, Ami (2005). Suicide Terrorism. Polity Press. ISBN 978-0-745-63383-1.
Pedatzur, Reuven (1995). "Coming Back Full Circle: The Palestinian Option in 1967". Middle East Journal. 49 (2): 269–291. JSTOR 4328804.
Peteet, Julie (Winter 2016). "The Work of Comparison: Israel/Palestine and Apartheid". Anthropological Quarterly. 89 (1): 247–281. doi:10.1353/anq.2016.0015. JSTOR 43955521.
Peteet, Julie (2017). Space and Mobility in Palestine. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-02511-1.
Polakow-Suransky, Sasha (2010). The Unspoken Alliance: Israel's Secret Relationship with Apartheid South Africa. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-307-37925-2.
"Powell Warns Against Division of West Bank Into 'Bantustans'". Haaretz. 6 June 2004.
Primor, Avi (18 September 2002). "Sharon's South African strategy". Haaretz.
Primor, Avi (2003). Terror als Vorwand: Die Sprache der Gewalt. Düsseldorf: Droste. ISBN 978-3-770-01183-4.
Rahnema, Saeed (6 October 2014). "Gaza and the West Bank: Israel's two approaches and Palestinians' two bleak choices". Open Canada, Canadian International Council.
Ram, Haggai (2009). Iranophobia: The Logic of an Israeli Obsession. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-804-77119-1.
Raz, Avi (2020). "Dodging the Peril of Peace: Israel and the Arabs in the Aftermath of the 1967 War". Dalam Hanssen, Jens; Ghazal, Amal N. The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Middle-Eastern and North African History. Oxford University Press. hlm. 269–291. ISBN 978-0-199-67253-0.
Reinhart, Tanya (2006). The Road Map to Nowhere: Israel/Palestine Since 2003. = Verso Books. ISBN 978-1-844-67076-5.
Report of the independent international fact-finding mission to investigate the implications of the Israeli settlements on the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of the Palestinian people throughout the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem (PDF) (Laporan). UNHCR. 7 February 2013. hlm. 6–7.
Robinson, Glenn E. (2018). "Chapter 6 Palestine". Dalam Gasiorowski, Mark; L.Yom, Sean. The Government and Politics of the Middle East and North Africa. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-429-97411-3.
Rokem, Jonathan (20 January 2013). "Politics and Conflict in a Contested City". Bulletin du Centre de recherche français à Jérusalem (Online) (23): 719–736.
Rosen, Maya; Shaul, Yehuda (December 2020). Highway to Annexation: Israeli Road and Transportation Infrastructure Development in the West Bank (PDF) (Laporan). The Israeli Centre for Public Affairs & Breaking the Silence. hlm. 39.
Roy, Sara (2004). "The Palestinian-Israeli Conflict and Palestinian Socioeconomic Decline: A Place Denied". International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society. 17 (3): 365–403. doi:10.1023/B:IJPS.0000019609.37719.99. JSTOR 20007687.
Rubenberg, Cheryl, ed. (2010). Encyclopedia of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: A-H (edisi ke-3rd). Lynne Rienner Publishers. ISBN 978-1-588-26686-6.
Sabel, Robbie (Fall 2011). "The Campaign to Delegitimize Israel with the False Charge of Apartheid". Jewish Political Studies Review. 23 (3/4): 18–31. JSTOR 41575857.
Shafir, Gershon (2017). A Half Century of Occupation: Israel, Palestine, and the World's Most Intractable Conflict. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-29350-2.
Shain, Milton (2019). "The Roots of Anti-Zionism in South Africa and the Delegitimization of Israel". Dalam Rosenfeld, Alvin H. Anti-Zionism and Antisemitism: The Dynamics of Delegitimization. Indiana University Press. hlm. 397–413. ISBN 978-0-253-03874-6.
Shalev, Chemi (6 June 2017). "Netanyahu's Blueprint for a Palestinian Bantustan". Haaretz.
Shany, Yuval (6 May 2019). "Israel's New Plan to Annex the West Bank: What Happens Next?". Lawfare.
Shaul, Yehuda (11 February 2020). "Trump's Middle East Peace Plan Isn't New. It Plagiarized a 40-Year-Old Israeli Initiative". Foreign Policy.
Sherwood, Harriet (28 June 2020). "Israel's cabinet meets to finalise annexation plans". The Guardian.
Shezaf, Hagar (10 December 2020). "Highways to annexation: Across the West Bank, Israel is bulldozing a bright future for Jewish settlers". Haaretz. Diakses tanggal 10 December 2020.
Slater, Jerome (2001). "What Went Wrong? The Collapse of the Israeli-Palestinian Peace Process". Political Science Quarterly. 116 (2): 171–199. doi:10.2307/798058. JSTOR 798058.
Slater, Jerome (2020). Mythologies Without End: The US, Israel, and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1917-2020. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-019045908-6.
Srivastava, Mehul (17 June 2020). "Israel's annexation plan: the 'existential threat' to Palestinian dreams". Financial Times.
Stephens, Philip (21 February 2013). "Settler policy imperils Israel's foundations". Financial Times.
Stock, Nathan (August 2019). There is no "Status Quo", Drivers of Violence in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict (PDF) (Laporan). Middle East Institute.
Stone, I.F. (3 August 1967). "Holy War, Review of "Le conflit israélo-arabe" in Les Temps Modernes". The New York Review of Books. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 29 March 2017.
Taraki, Lisa (Summer 2008). "Enclave Micropolis: The Paradoxical Case of Ramallah/Al-Bireh" (PDF). Journal of Palestine Studies. 37 (4): 6–20. doi:10.1525/jps.2008.37.4.6.
Telhami, Shibley (2010). The Sadat Lectures: Words and Images on Peace, 1997-2008. US Institute of Peace Press. ISBN 978-1-60127-054-2.
"Text of Begin's Plan for West Bank and Gaza Strip". The New York Times. 27 December 1977.
Tharoor, Ishaan (29 January 2020). "Trump's 'deal of the century' is no deal at all". The Washington Post. Diakses tanggal 24 February 2021.
Thrall, Nathan (2017). The Only Language They Understand: Forcing Compromise in Israel and Palestine. Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 978-1-62779-710-8.
Toynbee, Arnold (January 1931). "The Present Situation in Palestine". International Affairs. 10 (1): 38–68. doi:10.2307/3015929. JSTOR 3015929.
Usher, Graham (20 May 1999). Dispatches from Palestine: The Rise and Fall of the Oslo Peace Process. University of Alberta. hlm. 35. ISBN 978-0-7453-1337-5.
Weizman, Eyal (2006). "The Architecture of Ariel Sharon". Third Text. 20 (3–4): 337–353. doi:10.1080/09528820600900745.
Weizman, Eyal (2012). Hollow Land: Israel's Architecture of Occupation. Verso Books. ISBN 978-1-84467-868-6.
Wing, Adrien Katherine (4–8 April 2000). "The South African Transition to Democratic Rule: Lessons for International and Comparative Law". Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting. 94: 254–259. doi:10.1017/S0272503700055932. JSTOR 25659407.
Yiftachel, Oren (2016). "Between One and Two: Apartheid or Confederation for Israel/Palestine?". Dalam Ehrenberg, John; Peled, Yoav. Israel and Palestine: Alternative Perspectives on Statehood. Rowman & Littlefield. hlm. 305–336. ISBN 978-1-442-24508-2.
Zertal, Idith; Eldar, Akiva (2009) [First published 2007]. Lords of the Land: The War Over Israel's Settlements in the Occupied Territories, 1967-2007. Hachette UK. ISBN 978-0-786-74485-5.
Ziegler, Jean (31 October 2003). "The right to food Report by the Special Rapporteur, Jean Ziegler Addendum Mission to the Occupied Palestinian Territories". United Nations.

Pranala luar

The Writing is on the Wall Annexation Past and Present
Conquer and Divide

[1] "Faced with widely drawn international parallels between the West Bank and the Bantustans of apartheid South Africa, senior figures in Mr Netanyahu's Likud party have begun to admit the danger.' (Stephens 2013)

[3] "They explain the parallels between the fragmented Palestinian enclosures in the West Bank and Gaza Strip and the Bantustans in apartheid era South Africa. They argue that a Palestinian state comprised of these isolated enclosures would be both illegitimate and unviable" (Clarno 2017, hlm. 4)

[4] " The relationship in question is the one between Israel and South Africa's former Bantustans, in particular Bophuthatswana. That this relationship has been forgotten is all the more surprising given the parallels between South Africa's apartheid policy and Israel's treatment of Palestinians, as well as between South Africa's Bantustan strategy and Israel's carving up of the Palestinian territories." (Lissoni 2015, Ch.4)

[5] "Palestine's fragments do resemble the spatial array of the Bantustans in South Africa." (Peteet 2017, hlm. 63)

[6] "The archipelago of Palestinian enclaves proposed by Trump — subordinate to Israeli security concerns and more akin to the "bantustans" of apartheid-era South Africa — is emphatically not that." (Tharoor 2020)

[7] "Fragmenting the Palestinian territory into fenced-in enclaves resembles the grand apartheid Bantustan policy of pretending that noncontiguous patches of land could eventually constitute viable independent states. Impoverished and overcrowded under corrupt and unpopular authoritarian rulers, these "homelands" in both cases were—and are—doomed to fail in fulfilling the aspirations of their populations. In addition, when two sets of laws apply to residents of the same territory (as is the case for Israeli settlers and Palestinians), then this differential treatment amounts to apartheid." (Adam & Moodley 2005, hlm. 104)

[10] Also contracted as "Palutustans".'The experience of the past four decades puts a question mark over this assumption. If a Palestinian state is not established, Israel will most likely continue to administer the area, possibly allotting crumbs of sovereignty to Palestinian groups in areas that will continue to function as "Palutustans" (Palestinian Bantustans)."^[2] Francis Boyle, former Amnesty International USA board member and legal advisor to the Palestinians in Madrid (1991-1993), and presently professor of International Law at the University of Illinois College of Law, after describing the process of peace negotiations as designed to create a Bantustan for Palestinians, argued that historically, it was Western imperial colonial powers, whose policies in his view had been racist and genocidal that, in creating Israel, had effectively established what was a Bantustan for the Jewish people themselves, an entity he called "Jewistan".^[3]

[11] "In 2009, French artist Julien Bousac designed a map of the West Bank titled "L'archipel de Palestine orientale, " or "The Archipelago of Eastern Palestine"... Bousac's map illustrates — via a military and a tourist imaginary — how the US-brokered Oslo Accords fragmented the West Bank into enclaves separated by checkpoints and settlements that maintain Israeli control over the West Bank and circumscribe the majority of the Palestinian population to shrinking Palestinian city and village centers." (Kelly 2016, hlm. 723–745)

[14] archipelago of enclaves (Peteet 2016, hlm. 256)

[FOOTNOTEChaichian2013271–319-2] Chaichian 2013, hlm. 271–319.

[FOOTNOTEYiftachel2016320-8] Yiftachel 2016, hlm. 320.

[FOOTNOTEBoyle201113–17,_p.60-9] Boyle 2011, hlm. 13–17, p.60.

[FOOTNOTEBarak2005719–736-12] Barak 2005, hlm. 719–736.

[FOOTNOTEBaylouny200939–68-13] Baylouny 2009, hlm. 39–68.

[a]

[1]

[b]

[c]

[d]

[e]

[f]

[g]

[h]

[4]

[5]

[i]

[2]

[3]