Pengepungan Malakand
Pengepungan Malakand adalah pengepungan 26 Juli – 2 Agustus 1897 terhadap garisun Inggris di kawasan Malakand, Provinsi Garis Depan Barat Laut, India Britania.[1] Inggris menghadapi pasukan suku Pashtun yang wilayahnya dibatasi oleh Garis Durand,[2] perbatasan 1,519 mil (2,445 km) antara Afghanistan dan India Britania yang didirikan pada akhir peperangan Inggris-Afghanistan untuk membantu menangani apa yang Inggris takutkan terhadap lingkup pengaruh Kekaisaran Rusia pada anak benua India.
Catatan
[sunting | sunting sumber]Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Sumber cetak:
- Beattie, Hugh Imperial Frontier: Tribe and State in Waziristan, 2002 ISBN 0-7007-1309-3
- Churchill, Winston S. The Story Of The Malakand Field Force, 1897 (2004 publication: ISBN 1-4191-8410-5)
- Curzon, George Nathaniel Russia in Central Asia in 1889 & the Anglo-Russian Question, 1889
- Edwards, David B. Heroes of the age: Moral Fault Lines on the Afghan Frontier, 1996 ISBN 0-520-20064-0
- Elliott–Lockhart, Percy C. and Dunmore, Edward M. Earl of Alexander A Frontier Campaign: A Narrative of the Operations of the Malakand and Buner Field Forces, 1897–1898, 1898
- Easwaran, Eknath Nonviolent Soldier of Islam: Badshah Khan, a Man to Match His Mountains (see Wikipedia article), 1999 ISBN 1-888314-00-1
- Gore, Surgeon General at Nowshera, for The Dublin Journal of Medical Science, 1898
- Hobday, Edmund A. P. Sketches on Service During the Indian Frontier Campaigns of 1897, 1898
- Hopkirk, Peter The Great Game: On Secret Service in High Asia, 2001 ISBN 0-19-280232-1
- Hussain, Rizwan Pakistan And The Emergence Of Islamic Militancy In Afghanistan, 2005 ISBN 0-7546-4434-0
- Jablonsky, David Churchill and Hitler: Essays on the Political–Military Direction of Total War, 1994 ISBN 0-7146-4563-X
- Joslin, Edward Charles The Standard Catalogue of British Orders, Decorations and Medals, 1972 ISBN 0-900696-48-6
- Lamb, Christina The Sewing Circles of Herat: A Personal Voyage Through Afghanistan, 2004 ISBN 0-06-050527-3
- Nevill, Hugh Lewis Campaigns on the North–west Frontier, 1912 (2005 publication: ISBN 1-84574-187-0)
- Raugh, Harold E. The Victorians at War, 1815–1914: An Encyclopedia of British Military History, 2004 ISBN 1-57607-925-2
- Spain, James William The Pathan Borderland, 1963 ASIN B0000CR0HH
- Wilkinson–Latham, Robert North–west Frontier 1837–1947, 1977 ISBN 0-85045-275-9
Situs web:
- A collection of photographs taken by Ben Tottenham, displayed on the BBC News retrieved 31 May 2007
- "Winter 1896 – 97 (Age 22) "The university of my life"". Sir Winston Churchill. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-05-29. Diakses tanggal 2007-03-17.
- United Kingdom: India Medal 1895 – 1902 retrieved 31 May 2007
- Pakistan asks tourists to Churchill's battlefield Diarsipkan 2020-11-18 di Wayback Machine. The Daily Telegraph retrieved 17 July 2007