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Ancient Greek

Informasi lebih lanjut: Greek diacritics dan Romanisasi Yunani

The most common English form of an Ancient Greek name or term may fall into any of three groups:

1. Latinisasi. Ini adalah cara bahasa Indonesia secara tradisional untuk mewakili sebagian besar nama Yunani dalam bahasa Indonesia dan dalam penamaan artikel Wikipedia: Yesus dan Uranus (bukan Iēsoûs atau Ouranós), Aleksander and Bizantium (not Aléxandros or Byzántion), Plato dan Apollo (bukan Plátōn atau Apóllōn), Sokrates and Achilles (not Sōkratēs or Achilleús).
2. Pengindonesian lebih lanjut. Banyak bentuk bahasa Indonesia tradisional bukanlah bahasa Yunani atau bahasa Latin: Yunani dan Mesir (bukan Graecia atau Aigyptos), Troya dan Athens (not Troia or Athenai), Homer and Hesiod (not Homerus or Hesiodos), Aristotle and Constantinople (not Aristoteles or Konstantinoupolis). Adjectives—including the language and ethnic names derived from them—and common nouns are typically Anglicized: Athenian democracy, demotic Greek, the Celts, Platonic dialogues, Aristoteleanism.
3. Closer transliteration from the Greek. From the 19th century, there has been an increasing tendency to transliterate names more directly. While "Herodotos" is still less common than Herodotus, scholarly sources may prefer Tyrannion, Pamphile, or Arignote in their Greek forms. This style is especially common with technical terms relating to Greece: agon, epinikion, strategos. [Note that such terms, if not yet common in English, may require the magic word displaytitle to italicize them.]

Tagging with the lang template

Articles on people, places, and technical terms from ancient Greece should provide the Greek form of their name in the lead sentence. The Greek text should not be italicized or bolded. The language code for Ancient Greek is "grc." Generally speaking, the first appearance of Ancient Greek text in an article should be wrapped with the template {{lang-grc}}, which provides a link to the article on Ancient Greek:

{{lang-grc|Φίλιππος Βʹ ὁ Μακεδών}}, ''Phílippos II ho Makedṓn''

bahasa Yunani Kuno: Φίλιππος Βʹ ὁ Μακεδών, Phílippos II ho Makedṓn

Subsequent appearances of Ancient Greek text should be wrapped with the {{lang}} template:

''phílos'' ({{lang|grc|φίλος}})

phílos (φίλος)

For situations where "Ancient Greek" may seem misleading (e.g., late antiquity or in cases where the modern Greek form is unchanged), the template {{lang-grc-gre}} may be used. This wraps the text itself as Ancient Greek but provides a link to the main article on the Greek language:

{{lang-grc-gre|Σωκράτης}}, ''Sōkrátēs''

bahasa Yunani: Σωκράτης, Sōkrátēs

All appearances of Greek text must be given a romanization, rendering its content in Latin letters. This romanization should be italicized and may optionally be tagged with the language code "grc-Latn":

{{lang-grc|Ὅμηρος}}, ''{{lang|grc-Latn|Hómēros}}''

bahasa Yunani Kuno: Ὅμηρος, Hómēros

Pronunciation help

Pronunciation details for the Ancient Greek should only be given in special cases. Pronunciation hints for the anglicized Greek name can be where the English pronunciation is less than straightforward or ambiguous, note for example Scythians:

The Scythians or Scyths [footnote: Scythians is pronounced /'sɪθɪən/ or /'sɪðɪən/. Scyths is pronounced /'sɪθs/); from Greek Σκύθης Skúthēs; note Scytho- /'saɪθəʊ/ in composition (OED).]

Transliteration

See Romanization of Greek for details on the transliteration of the Greek alphabet. Note that ISO 843 is intended for Modern Greek and not necessarily suitable for Ancient Greek. Ancient Greek is usually transliterated as follows:

Yunani	Indonesia
α	a
β	b
γ	g, n sebelum γ, κ, ξ, χ
δ	d
ε	e
ζ	z
η	ē
θ	th
ι	i
κ	k
λ	l
μ	m
ν	n
ξ	x
ο	o
π	p
ρ	r, rh for word-initial ῥ
σ	s
τ	t
υ	u or y
φ	ph
χ	ch
ψ	ps
ω	ō
spiritus asper	h

Common Latinizations

Ada aturan tertentu untuk ejaan yang di-Latin-kan yang digunakan dalam bahasa Indonesia. Aturan-aturan ini diuraikan di bawah ini. Tetapi perhatikan bahwa penggunaan bahasa Indonesia yang sebenarnya mengalahkan semua aturan ini (e.g. "Athens", not *"Athenae" for Ἀθῆναι Athēnai).

Compared to the close transliteration discussed above, quantity is not indicated, that is, ω and ο both become o; ε and η both become e. υ and κ are mostly rendered as y and c, respectively.

Vowel clusters

Yunani	Indonesia
αι	ae
ᾳ	a
ει	normally i, but usage can vary: Iphigenia, Irene, Heraclitus, but often Cleitus, almost always Deimos.
ῃ	e
οι	oe
ῳ	o
αυ	au
ευ	eu
ηυ	eu
ου	u
αη	aë
ωη	oë

Other vowel clusters are unaffected (e.g. Thyestes for Θυεστής). Any vowel with a diaeresis in Greek can be given a diaeresis in English.

Equivalence changes

Akhiran biasanya diubah ke bentuk Latin yang sepadan. Nama konvensional sering mengabaikan akhiran teratur, jadi Plutarch, untuk 'Plutarchus', Homer untuk Homerus; Herod for the Kings of Judea, but Herodes Atticus.

These deal only with nominative forms unless indicated.

Greek	English
-η (feminin)	biasanya -e; tetapi Jocasta.
-η (neutral)	-e
-αι	-ae
-ος	-us (biasanya; gunakan -os untuk feminin, like Lemnos)
-ρος	-er (setelah konsonan, seperti Lysander; but Satyrus)
-οι	-i
-ων	-o (biasanya)
-ων (genitive plural)	-on

Yunani Modern

Alfabet

Informasi lebih lanjut: ISO 843 dan Romanization of Greek

Sekali lagi, transliterasi perlu dibedakan dari pengindonesian. Jika ada pengindonesian umum dari nama diri Yunani, itu harus digunakan dalam konteks bahasa Indonesia. Transliterasi dari bahasa Yunani yang sebenarnya dapat diberikan dalam ISO 843.

Otherwise, they follow the standard rules as follows, except when a different name is commonly used in English (e.g. "Athens", "Crete", "Corfu"). This transliteration system equals the one used by the United Nations.

Greek	English
α	a
β	v
γ	g
δ	d
ε	e
ζ	z
η	i
θ	th
ι	i
κ	k
λ	l
μ	m
ν	n
ξ	x
ο	o
π	p
ρ	r
σ	s
τ	t
υ	y
φ	f
χ	ch
ψ	ps
ω	o

Kluster vokal

Note: an accent on the first vowel, or a diaeresis on the second vowel, indicates that the two vowels are pronounced separately. Examples: Οινόη, Χαϊδάρι.

Yunani	Indonesia	Catatan
αι	ai
ει	ei
οι	oi
αυ	av	af before θ, κ, ξ, π, σ, τ, φ, χ, ψ, and final
ευ	ev	ef before θ, κ, ξ, π, σ, τ, φ, χ, ψ, and final
ηυ	iv	if before θ, κ, ξ, π, σ, τ, φ, χ, ψ, and final
ου	ou
αη	ai
ωη	oi

Consonant clusters

Greek	English
γγ	ng
γκ	g (at beginning), ng or gk (in middle)
γξ	nx
γχ	nch
μπ	b (at beginning), mp or mb (in middle)
ντ	d (at beginning), nt or nd (in middle)

Diacritics

Modern Greek uses two diacritics: the acute accent (indicating stress) and the diaeresis (indicating that two consecutive vowels should not be combined). These are kept in all formal transliteration systems but the accent marks are frequently omitted in practice. No diacritics should be used in Wikipedia article titles.

Words occurring in both Modern and Ancient Greek

This is particularly relevant to place names. The page Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names) should be consulted first.

If the article concerns a concept that is significant in the Hellenistic period or before (i.e. would merit its own article even if the modern concept did not), use the archaic spelling. If the article concerns a modern concept merely derived from an ancient word, use the modern version. If a modern word's meaning has no overlap with the ancient word from which it derives, create two articles, but consider including a disambiguation message at the top of each page.