Nader Shah

Nader Shah Afshar
Nader Shah Afshar
Šāhānšāh
	Potret Nader Shah
Shah Persia
Berkuasa	8 Maret 1736 – 20 Juni 1747
Penobatan	8 Maret 1736
Pendahulu	Abbas III
Penerus	Adil Shah
Kelahiran	6 Agustus 1698, atau 22 November 1688; Dargaz, Persia
Kematian	20 Juni 1747 (umur 48 atau 58); Quchan, Persia
Pemakaman	Mashhad, Iran
Pasangan	Razia Begum Safavi
Keturunan	Reza Qoli Mirza; Morteza Mirza; Imam Qoli Mirza; Joseph von Semlin;
Wangsa	Dinasti Afshariyah
Ayah	Emam Qoli
Agama	Secara pribadi tidak beragama; Terlahir Syiah Dua Belas Imam; Secara resmi Syiah Fikih Ja'fari
Tanda tangan

Nāder Shāh Afshār (bahasa Persia: نادر شاه افشار; juga disebut Nāder Qoli Beg - نادر قلی بیگ atau Tahmāsp Qoli Khān - تهماسپ قلی خان) (lahir Agustus 1688^[5] – meninggal 20 Juni 1747) adalah salah satu penguasa Iran yang paling kuat dalam sejarah Iran, memerintah sebagai Shah Persia dari tahun 1736 sampai tahun 1747 ketika ia dibunuh dalam sebuah pemberontakan. Karena kejeniusannya dalam bidang militer^[14] yang dibuktikan dalam berbagai pertempuran militer di sepanjang kampanyenya, seperti pertempuran Herat, Mihmandust, Murche-Khort, Kirkuk, Yeghevard, Celah Khyber, Karnal dan Kars, beberapa sejarawan kemudian menjulukinya sebagai Napoleon Persia, Pedang Persia,^[15] atau Aleksander Kedua. Nader Shah adalah seorang Iran yang berasal dari bangsa Turkmen suku Afshar dari Khorasan di timur laut Iran,^[16] yang telah memasok kekuatan militer untuk dinasti Safawiyah sejak zaman Shah Ismail I.^[17]

Referensi

^ Ernest Tucker (15 August 2006), "NĀDER SHAH", Encyclopædia Iranica (edisi ke-Online), ISSN 2330-4804
^ Michael Axworthy's biography of Nader, The Sword of Persia (I.B. Tauris, 2006), pp. 165, 279
^ Michael Axworthy's biography of Nader, The Sword of Persia (I.B. Tauris, 2006), pp. 165
^ Michael Axworthy's biography of Nader, The Sword of Persia (I.B. Tauris, 2006), p. 17
^ ^a ^b Tanggal lahir yang sebenarnya dari Nader tidak diketahui tetapi 6 Agustus adalah "paling mungkin" menurut Axworthy hlm. 17 dan The Cambridge History of Iran (Vol. 7 hlm. 3); penulis biografi lainnya mendukung Nadir lahri tahun 1688.
^ "The Cambridge History of Iran Volume 7". cambridge.org.
^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama iranicaonline.org
^ Lockhart, Laurence, "Nadir Shah: A critical study based mainly upon contemporary sources", London, Luzac & Co, 1938, p.278
^ Michael Axworthy's biography of Nader, The Sword of Persia (I.B. Tauris, 2006), pp. 168-170
^ Michael Axworthy's biography of Nader, The Sword of Persia (I.B. Tauris, 2006), p. 34
^ Michael Axworthy's biography of Nader, The Sword of Persia (I.B. Tauris, 2006), pp. 164, 176, 177, 187, 236, 258
^ Tucker, Ernest, "Nadir Shah and the Ja'fari Mazhab reconsidered", in Iranian Studies, vol. 27, 1-4 (1994), 163-179.
^ Tucker, Ernest, "Nadir Shah's quest for legitimacy in post-Safavid Iran", University Press Florida, 2006
^ The Sword of Persia: Nader Shah, from Tribal Warrior to Conquering Tyrant "Nader commanded the most powerful military force in Asia, if not the world"
^ Axworthy p. xvii
^ Michael Axworthy's biography of Nader, The Sword of Persia (I.B. Tauris, 2006), pp. 17–19: "His father was of lowly but respectable status, a herdsman of the Afshar tribe ... The Qereqlu Afshars to whom Nader's father belonged were a semi-nomadic Turcoman tribe settled in Khorasan in north-eastern Iran ... The tribes of Khorasan were for the most part ethnically distinct from the Persian-speaking population, speaking Turkic or Kurdish languages. Nader's mother tongue was a dialect of the language group spoken by the Turkic tribes of Iran and Central Asia, and he would have quickly learned Persian, the language of high culture and the cities as he grew older. But the Turkic language was always his preferred everyday speech, unless he was dealing with someone who knew only Persian."
^ Stephen Erdely and Valentin A. Riasanovski. The Uralic and Altaic Series, Routledge, 1997, ISBN 0-7007-0380-2, p. 102

Pranala luar

Iran
Nader Shah Afshar Klan Qereqlu Cabang kadet Suku Afshar Lahir: 22 November 1688 Meninggal: 19 Juni 1747
Didahului oleh: Abbas III	Shah Persia 8 Maret 1736 – 19 Juni 1747	Diteruskan oleh: Adel Shah Afshar
Gelar kebangsawanan
Jabatan baru	Wali Persia 7 September 1732 - 7 Maret 1736	Lowong Selanjutnya dijabat oleh Reza Qoli Mirza Afshar
Jabatan politik
Didahului oleh: Mohammad Ali Khan Qoullar-Aqasi	Perdana Menteri Persia 1729 - 7 Maret 1736	Lowong Selanjutnya dijabat oleh Mirza Ali Akbar Shirazi
Jabatan militer
Tidak tahu	Qurchi-bashi 1729 - 7 Maret 1736	Tidak tahu

[1] Ernest Tucker (15 August 2006), "NĀDER SHAH", Encyclopædia Iranica (edisi ke-Online), ISSN 2330-4804

[2] Michael Axworthy's biography of Nader, The Sword of Persia (I.B. Tauris, 2006), pp. 165, 279

[3] Michael Axworthy's biography of Nader, The Sword of Persia (I.B. Tauris, 2006), pp. 165

[4] Michael Axworthy's biography of Nader, The Sword of Persia (I.B. Tauris, 2006), p. 17

[Nader_p.17-5] Tanggal lahir yang sebenarnya dari Nader tidak diketahui tetapi 6 Agustus adalah "paling mungkin" menurut Axworthy hlm. 17 dan The Cambridge History of Iran (Vol. 7 hlm. 3); penulis biografi lainnya mendukung Nadir lahri tahun 1688.

[histories.cambridge.org-6] "The Cambridge History of Iran Volume 7". cambridge.org.

[iranicaonline.org-7] Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama iranicaonline.org

[8] Lockhart, Laurence, "Nadir Shah: A critical study based mainly upon contemporary sources", London, Luzac & Co, 1938, p.278

[9] Michael Axworthy's biography of Nader, The Sword of Persia (I.B. Tauris, 2006), pp. 168-170

[10] Michael Axworthy's biography of Nader, The Sword of Persia (I.B. Tauris, 2006), p. 34

[11] Michael Axworthy's biography of Nader, The Sword of Persia (I.B. Tauris, 2006), pp. 164, 176, 177, 187, 236, 258

[12] Tucker, Ernest, "Nadir Shah and the Ja'fari Mazhab reconsidered", in Iranian Studies, vol. 27, 1-4 (1994), 163-179.

[13] Tucker, Ernest, "Nadir Shah's quest for legitimacy in post-Safavid Iran", University Press Florida, 2006

[:1-14] The Sword of Persia: Nader Shah, from Tribal Warrior to Conquering Tyrant "Nader commanded the most powerful military force in Asia, if not the world"

[15] Axworthy p. xvii

[16] Michael Axworthy's biography of Nader, The Sword of Persia (I.B. Tauris, 2006), pp. 17–19: "His father was of lowly but respectable status, a herdsman of the Afshar tribe ... The Qereqlu Afshars to whom Nader's father belonged were a semi-nomadic Turcoman tribe settled in Khorasan in north-eastern Iran ... The tribes of Khorasan were for the most part ethnically distinct from the Persian-speaking population, speaking Turkic or Kurdish languages. Nader's mother tongue was a dialect of the language group spoken by the Turkic tribes of Iran and Central Asia, and he would have quickly learned Persian, the language of high culture and the cities as he grew older. But the Turkic language was always his preferred everyday speech, unless he was dealing with someone who knew only Persian."

[17] Stephen Erdely and Valentin A. Riasanovski. The Uralic and Altaic Series, Routledge, 1997, ISBN 0-7007-0380-2, p. 102

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