Wiracarita Raja Gesar

Mural yang menggambarkan Gesar

Epos Raja Gesar (/ˈɡɛzər, ˈɡɛs-/; Tibet: གེ་སར་རྒྱལ་པོ་; Wylie: ge sar rgyal po, "Raja Gesar"; bahasa Mongol: Гэсэр Хаан, Geser Khagan, "Raja Geser", bahasa Rusia: Гесар-хан atau Кесар), juga dieja Geser (khususnya dalam konteks bahasa Mongolia) atau Kesar (/ˈkɛzər, ˈkɛs-/), adalah sebuha siklus epos, diyakini berasal dari abad ke-12, yang berhubungan dengan perbuatan heroik pahlawan budaya Gesar, raja yang tidak mengenal takut dari kerajaan Ling yang legendaris (Wylie: gling).

Referensi

• 'Jam-dpal rgyal-mtsho (1990). "The Singers of the King Gesar Epic". Dalam Honko, Lauri. Religion, myth, and folklore in the world's epics: the Kalevala and its predecessors. Walter de Gruyter. hlm. 471–484. ISBN 978-3-11-012253-4. Diakses tanggal 14 July 2011. 
• Beyer,, Stephan V (1992). The classical Tibetan language. Albany, New York: SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-1099-8. Diakses tanggal 14 July 2011. 
• Chadwick, Hector Munro; Chadwick, Nora Kershaw (2010) [First published 1940]. The Growth of Literature. 3. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-01615-5. Diakses tanggal 14 July 2011. 
• Chadwick, Nora Kershaw; Zhirmunsky, Viktor (2010) [First published 1968]. Oral Epics of Central Asia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-14828-3. Diakses tanggal 14 July 2011. 
• Chayet, Anne (2003). "The Potala, Symbol of the Power of the Dalai Lamas". Dalam Pommaret, Françoise. Lhasa in the seventeenth century: the capital of the Dalai Lamas. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-12866-8. Diakses tanggal 14 July 2011. 
• David-Néel, Alexandra; Yongden, Lama (2004) [First published 1933]. The Superhuman Life Of Gesar Of Ling. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7661-8686-6. 
• Dwyer, Arienne M. (2007). Salar: a study in Inner Asian language contact processes. Part 1: Phonology. Turcologia 31,7. 1. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-04091-4. Diakses tanggal 17 July 2011. 
• Francke, August Hermann (2000) [1905/1909]. A Lower Ladakhi Version of the Kesar Saga. Dehli: Asian Educational Services. ISBN 978-81-206-1507-6. Diakses tanggal 14 July 2011. 
• Harmatta, J.; Litvinsky, B. A. (1999). "Tokharistan and Gandhara under Western Türk rule (650-750)". Dalam Dani, Ahmad Hasan. History of civilizations of Central Asia. 3. Dehli: Motilal Banarsidass. hlm. 367–402. ISBN 978-81-208-1540-7. Diakses tanggal 15 July 2011. 
• Harvilahti, Lauri (1996). "Epos and National Identity: Transformations and Incarnations" (PDF). Oral Tradition. Beijing. 11 (1): 37–49. 
• Helffer, Mireille (1977). Les chants dans l'épopée tibétaine de Ge-sar d'après le Livre de la Course de Cheval: Version chantée de Blo-bzaṅ bstan-'jin. Paris: Librairie Droz. ISBN 978-2-600-03309-1. Diakses tanggal 14 July 2011. 
• Hermanns, Matthias (1965). Das National-Epos der Tibeter Gling König Ge Sar. Regensburg.: Josef Habbel Verlag. Diakses tanggal 14 July 2011. 
• Herrmann, Silke (1990). "The Life and History of the Epic King Gesar in Ladakh". Dalam Honko, Lauri. Religion, myth, and folklore in the world's epics: the Kalevala and its predecessors. Walter de Gruyter. hlm. 485–501. ISBN 978-3-11-012253-4. Diakses tanggal 14 July 2011. 
• Hummel, Siegbert (1998). Eurasian Mythology in the Tibetan epic of Gesar. Guido Vogliotti (trans.). Dharamsala: The Library of Tibetan Works and Archives. ISBN 978-81-86470-20-6. 
• Jiàngbiān Jiācuò, (降邊嘉措) (1998). "Gesar in contemporary Tibetan Culture". Dalam Honko, Lauri; Handoo, Jawaharlal; Foley, John Miles. The Epic: Oral and Written. Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages. hlm. 220–225. ISBN 81-7342-055-6. Diakses tanggal 14 July 2011. 
• Kornman, Robin (2005). "The Influence of the Epic of King Gesar on Chogyam Trungpa". Dalam Midal, Fabrice. Recalling Chögyam Trungpa. Boston, Massachusetts: Shambhala Publications. hlm. 347–379. ISBN 978-1-59030-207-1. Diakses tanggal 14 July 2011. 
• Lati Rinbochay; Paṅ-chen Sö-nam-drak-ba; Denma Lo-chö Rinbochay (1997) [First published 1983]. Zahler, Leah; Hopkins., Jeffrey, ed. Meditative States in Tibetan Buddhism. Somerville Massachusetts: Wisdom Publications. ISBN 0-86171-119-X. 
• Lopez Jr, Donald S (2007). Religions of Tibet in Practice. Princeton, Massachusetts: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-12972-3. 
• Lǐ Liánróng, (李連榮) (2001). "History and the Tibetan Epic Gesar" (PDF). Oral Tradition. Beijing. 16 (2): 317–342. 
• Maconi, Lara. (2004). "Theatrical Gesar de Pékin? Le sort du Roi Gesar de Gling, héros épique tibétain, en Chinese (post-)maoïste". Dalam Labarthe, Judith. Formes modernes de la poésie épique: nouvelles approches. Bruxelles: Peter Lang. hlm. 371–419. ISBN 978-90-5201-196-7. Diakses tanggal 14 July 2011. 
• Martin, Dan (2011). "Greek and Islamic Medicines' Historical Contact with Tibet". Dalam Akasoy, Anna; Burnett, Charles; Yoeli-Tlalim, Ronit. Islam and Tibet: Interactions Along the Musk Routes. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate Publishing. hlm. 117–144. ISBN 978-0-7546-6956-2. Diakses tanggal 14 July 2011. 
• Needham, Joseph (1988) [First published 1954]. Science and Civilization in China. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-05799-X. 
• Papas, Alexandre (2011). "So Close to Samarkand, Lhasa: Sufi Hagiographies, Founder Lhasa and Sacred Space". Dalam Akasoy, Anna; Burnett, Charles; Yoeli-Tlalim, Ronit. Islam and Tibet: Interactions Along the Musk Routes. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate Publishing. hlm. 261–280. ISBN 978-0-7546-6956-2. Diakses tanggal 14 July 2011. 
• Penick, Douglas J (1996). The warrior song of King Gesar. Boston, Massachusetts: Wisdom Publications. ISBN 978-0-86171-113-0. 
• Penick, Douglas J (2009). Crossings on a Bridge of Light: The Songs and Deeds of Gesar, King of Ling, as He Travels to Shambhala Through the Realms of Life and Death. Minneapolis: Mill City Press. ISBN 978-1-934937-99-0. 
• Sakyong Mipham Rinpoche (2005). "The Teaching of Shambhala". Dalam Midal, Fabrice. Recalling Chögyam Trungpa. Boston, Massachusetts: Shambhala Publications. hlm. 329–336. ISBN 978-1-59030-207-1. Diakses tanggal 14 July 2011. 
• Samuel, Geoffrey (2005). Tantric revisionings: new understandings of Tibetan Buddhism and Indian religion. Dehli: Motilal Banarsidass Publ. ISBN 978-81-208-2752-3. 
• Samuel, Geoffrey (1993). Civilized Shamans: Buddhism in Tibetan Societies. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN 978-1-56098-620-1. 
• Shakabpa, Wangchuk Deden (2011) [First published 1976]. One Hundred Thousand Moons. Derek F. Maher (trans.). BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-17788-8. 
• Stein, Rolf A (1956). L'épopée tibétaine dans sa version lamaïque de Ling. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. 
• Stein, Rolf A. (1959). Recherches sur l'épopée et le Barde au Tibet. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. 
• Vohra, Rohit (1996). "Early History of Ladakh: Mythic Lore % Fabulation: A preliminary note on the conjectural history of the 1st millennium A.D.". Dalam Osmaston, Henry; Denwood, Philip. Recent research on Ladakh 4 & 5: proceedings of the fourth and fifth international colloquia on Ladakh. Dehli: Motilal Banarsidass. hlm. 216–234. ISBN 978-81-208-1404-2. Diakses tanggal 16 July 2011. 
• Young, Serinity (2004). Courtesans and tantric consorts: sexualities in Buddhist narrative, iconography and ritual. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-91483-3. 
• Сахаровска, Александра; Солоухин, Владимир Алексеевич (1986). Гэсэр: бурятский народный героический эпос (Geser: a Buryat Heldenepos.). Бурятское Книжное Издательство. 
• Сэцэнмунч, Ульдзийт (2004). Исследования письменного монгольского эпоса о Гэсэре (Researches on a written version of the Mongolian Epic of Gesar). Санкт-Петербург.: Астерион. ISBN 978-5-94856-085-4. 

Pranala luar

• King Gessar
• King Gessar preserved
• King Gessar and Samzhug
• English Translation of Geser Epic - Buryat version di Wayback Machine (diarsipkan tanggal 29 June 2007)
• An 1835 German translation of the Mongolian version at the Internet Archive
• The Mongolian version in Mongolian (Khalkha Cyrillic)
• The Buryat version in Russian translation