Empat Reka Cipta Besar
Tampilan
Empat Penciptaan Besar | |||||||||||||||
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Hongkong Post stamps commemorating the Four Great Inventions. Clockwise from top left: The compass, printing, papermaking, and gunpowder | |||||||||||||||
Hanzi tradisional: | 四大發明 | ||||||||||||||
Hanzi sederhana: | 四大发明 | ||||||||||||||
Makna harfiah: | empat penciptaan besar | ||||||||||||||
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Sejarah sains dan teknologi di Tiongkok |
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Menurut subjek |
Menurut era |
Empat Penciptaan Besar (Hanzi sederhana: 四大发明; Hanzi tradisional: 四大發明) adalah penciptaan-penciptaan dari Tiongkok kuno yang dipuji-puji dalam budaya Tionghoa karena signifikansi historisnya dan sebagai simbol dari sains dan teknologi Tiongkok kuno yang maju.[1]
Lihat pula
- Dream Pool Essays
- Gunpowder warfare
- History of science and technology in China
- List of Chinese inventions
- Science and technology of the Han Dynasty
- Technology of the Song Dynasty
Referensi
Kutipan
- ^ "The Four Great Inventions". China.org.cn. Diakses tanggal 2007-11-11.
Sumber
- Andrade, Tonio, ed. (2016). The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
- Boruchoff, David A. (2012), "The Three Greatest Inventions of Modern Times: An Idea and Its Public", dalam Hock, Klaus, Gesa; Mackenthun, Entangled Knowledge: Scientific Discourses and Cultural Difference, Münster: Waxmann, hlm. 133–163, ISBN 978-3-8309-2729-7
- Buchanan, Brenda J., ed. (2006). Gunpowder, Explosives and the State: A Technological History. Aldershot: Ashgate. ISBN 0-7546-5259-9.
- Deng Yinke (2005). Ancient Chinese Inventions. Diterjemahkan oleh Wang Pingxing. Beijing: China Intercontinental Press. ISBN 7-5085-0837-8.
- Li Shu-hua (1954). "Origine de la Boussole 11. Aimant et Boussole". Isis. Vol. 45 no. 2: July. Oxford. hlm. 175–196.
- Needham, Joseph (1962). Physics and Physical Technology, Part 1, Physics. Science and Civilisation in China. Volume 4. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
- Needham, Joseph, ed. (1985). Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part 1, Tsien Hsuen-Hsuin, Paper and Printing. Science and Civilisation in China. Volume 5. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Needham, Joseph, ed. (1994). Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part 7, Robin D.S. Yates, Krzysztof Gawlikowski, Edward McEwen, Wang Ling (collaborators) Military Technology; the Gunpowder Epic. Science and Civilisation in China. Volume 5. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.