Arteri koroner
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The coronary arteries are the arteri of the sirkulasi koroner, which transports darah into and out of the otot jantung. They are mainly composed of the left and right coronary arteries, both of which give off branches. Coronary arteries can also be categorized as epicardial (above the epicardium) and microvascular (close to the endocardium).[1]
The arteri koroner kiri arises from the aorta above the left cusp of the katup aorta and feeds blood to the left side of the jantung. It branches into two arteries and sometimes a third branch is formed at the fork, known as a ramus or intermediate artery.[2]
The arteri koroner kanan originates from above the right cusp of the aortic valve. It travels down the right coronary sulcus, towards the crux of the heart.
There is also the conus artery, which is only present in about 45 per cent of the human population, and which may provide collateral blood flow to the heart when the arteri left anterior descending is occluded.[3][4]
Signifikansi klinis
Either or both arteriosklerosis and atherosklerosis, can cause one or more of the coronary arteries or their branches to become seriously blocked, leading to angina, serangan jantung, or both. Percutaneous coronary interventions (such as balloon angioplasty) or coronary artery bypass surgery can be performed to decrease or bypass the blockages (respectively).
The coronary arteries can constrict as a response to various stimuli, mostly chemical. This is known as a coronary reflex.
There is also a rare condition known as spontaneous coronary artery dissection.
Etimologi
The word corona is a Latin word meaning "crown", from the Yunani Kuno κορώνη (korōnè, “garland, wreath”). It was applied to the coronary arteries because of a notional resemblance (compare the photos).
Gambar tambahan
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Cast of coronary arteries. Right - yellow, left - red
Referensi
- ^ Petersen, J. W.; Pepine, C. J. (2014). "Microvascular Coronary Dysfunction and Ischemic Heart Disease – Where Are We in 2014?". Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine. 25 (2): 98–103. doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2014.09.013. PMC 4336803
. PMID 25454903.
- ^ Fuster, V; Alexander RW; O'Rourke RA (2001). Hurst's The Heart (edisi ke-10th). McGraw-Hill. hlm. 53. ISBN 978-0-07-135694-7.
- ^ Wynn GJ, Noronha B, Burgess MI (2008). "Functional significance of the conus artery as a collateral to an occluded left anterior descending artery demonstrated by stress echocardiography". International Journal of Cardiology. 140 (1): e14–5. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.11.039. PMID 19108914.
- ^ Schlesinger MJ, Zoll PM, Wessler S (1949). "The conus artery: a third coronary artery". American Heart Journal. 38 (6): 823–38. doi:10.1016/0002-8703(49)90884-4. PMID 15395916.
