Daftar penguasa Korea
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 Portal Korea | ||||||||
Gojoseon
Gojoseon (2333 SM - 108 SM) adalah kerajaan Korea yang pertama, didirikan oleh Dangun pada tahun 2333 SM, namun banyak terdapat perbedaan persepsi waktu pendirian oleh para sejarawan. [1]
Bukti arkeologi dari zaman perunggu membuktikan bahwa kebudayaan Gojoseon berkembang di semenanjung Korea sebelah utara dan Manchuria. Sejak abad ke-4 SM, berdasarkan berbagai bukti arkeologi dan sejarah menunjukkan bahwa Gojoseon sudah menjadi kerajaan yang mandiri.
Catatan sejarah dari Joseon, Gyuwon Sahwa (1675) menjelaskan sejarah raja-raja Gojoseon, yang oleh penulisnya dijelaskan sebagai kumpulan legenda secara nasionalistik. Buku Hwandan Gogi (1979) juga menuliskan tentang sejarah Gojoseon, adalah buku kontroversial karena keaslian datanya masih dipertanyakan. Data tahun berkuasanya berbeda dengan Gyuwon Sahwa.
Dangun-Joseon
Dari Gyuwon Sahwa, raja-raja yang dianggap legendaris dengan waktu (tahun) berkuasanya:
- Dangun Wanggeom 왕검 (2333 SM-2240 SM)
- Buru 부루 (2240 SM-2206 SM)
- Gareuk 가륵 (2206 SM-2155 SM)
- Osa 오사 (2155 SM-2106 SM)
- Gueul 구을 (2106 SM-2071 SM)
- Dalmun 달문 (2071 SM-2039 SM)
- Hanyul 한율 (2039 SM-2014 SM)
- Seohan 서한 (2014 SM-195 SM 7)
- Asul 아술 (1957 SM-1929 SM)
- Noeul 노을 (1929 SM-1906 SM)
- Dohae 도해 (1906 SM-1870 SM)
- Ahan 아한 (1870 SM-1843 SM)
- Heuldal 흘달 (1843-1800 SM)
- Gobul 고불 (1800 SM-1771 SM)
- Beoreum 벌음 (1771 SM-738 SM)
- Wina 위나 (1738 SM-1720 SM)
- Yeoeul 여을 (1720 SM-SM 1657 SM)
- Dongeom 동엄 (1657 SM-637 SM)
- Gumoso 구모소 (1637 SM-612 SM)
- Gohol 고홀 (1612 SM -1601 SM)
- Sotae 소태 (1601 SM -1568 SM)
- Saekbullu 색불루 (1568 SM -1551 SM)
- Amul 아물 (1551 SM -1532 SM)
- Yeonna 연나 (1532 SM -1519 SM)
- Solla 솔나 (1519 SM -1503 SM)
- Churo 추로 (1503 SM -1494 SM)
- Dumil 두밀 (1494 SM -1449 SM)
- Haemo 해모 (1449 SM -1427 SM)
- Mahyu 마휴 (1427 SM -1418 SM)
- Nahyu 내휴 (1418 SM -1365 SM)
- Deungol 등올 (1365 SM -1359 SM)
- Chumil 추밀 (1359 SM -1351 SM)
- Gammul 감물 (1351 SM -1342)
- Orumun 오루문 (1342-1322 SM)
- Sabeol 사벌 (1322 SM -1311 SM)
- Maereuk 매륵 (1311 SM -1293 SM)
- Mamul 마물 (1293 SM -1285 SM)
- Damul 다물 (1285 SM -1266 SM)
- Duhol 두홀 (1266 SM -1238 SM)
- Dareum 달음 (1238 SM -1224 SM)
- Eumcha 음차 (1224 SM -1205 SM)
- Euruji 을우지 (1205 SM -1196 SM)
- Mulli 물리 (1196 SM -1181 SM)
- Guhol 구홀 (1181 SM -1174 SM)
- Yeoru 여루 (1174 SM -1169 SM)
- Boeul 보을 (1169 SM -1158 SM)
- Goyeolga 고열가 (1158 SM -1128 SM)
Gija-Joseon
Kerajaan Dangun Joseon digantikan kerajaan Gija-Joseon[2].
- Raja Munseong dari Gojoseon, Gija 문성대왕 (1126 SM - 1082 SM)
- Raja Janghye dari Gojoseon 장혜왕 (1082 SM - 1057 SM)
- Raja Gyeonghyo dari Gojoseon 경효왕 (1057 SM - 1030 SM)
- Raja Gongjeong dari Gojoseon 공정왕 (1030 SM - 1000 SM)
- Raja Munmu dari Gojoseon 문무왕 (1000 SM - 972 SM)
- Raja Taewon dari Gojoseon 태원왕 (972 SM - 968 SM)
- Raja Gyeongchang dari Gojoseon 경창왕 (968 SM - 957 SM)
- Raja Heungpyeong dari Gojoseon 흥평왕 (957 SM - 943 SM)
- Raja Cheorwi dari Gojoseon 철위왕 (943 SM - 925 SM)
- Raja Seonhye dari Gojoseon 선혜왕 (925 SM - 896 SM)
- Raja Uiyang dari Gojoseon 의양왕 (896 SM - 843 SM)
- Raja Munhye dari Gojoseon 문혜왕 (843 SM - 793 SM)
- Raja Seongdeok dari Gojoseon 성덕왕 (793 SM - 778 SM)
- Raja Dohoe dari Gojoseon 도회왕 (778 SM - 776 SM)
- Raja Munyeol dari Gojoseon 문열왕 (776 SM - 761 SM)
- Raja Changguk dari Gojoseon 창국왕 (761 SM - 748 SM)
- Raja Museong dari Gojoseon 무성왕 (748 SM - 722 SM)
- Raja Jeonggyeong dari Gojoseon 정경왕 (722 SM - 703 SM)
- Raja Nakseong dari Gojoseon 낙성왕 (722 SM - 703 SM)
- Raja Hyojong dari Gojoseon 효종왕 (722 SM - 703 SM)
- Raja Cheonhyo dari Gojoseon 천효왕 (658 SM - 634 SM)
- Raja Sudo dari Gojoseon 수도왕 (634 SM - 615 SM)
- Raja Hwiyang dari Gojoseon 휘양왕 (615 SM - 594 SM)
- Raja Bongil dari Gojoseon 봉일왕 (594 SM - 578 SM)
- Raja Deokchang dari Gojoseon 덕창왕 (578 SM - 560 SM)
- Raja Suseong dari Gojoseon 수성왕 (560 SM - 519 SM)
- Raja Yeonggeol dari Gojoseon 영걸왕 (519 SM - 503 SM)
- Raja Ilmin dari Gojoseon 일민왕 (503 SM - 486 SM)
- Raja Jese dari Gojoseon 제세왕 (486 SM - 465 SM)
- Raja Cheongguk dari Gojoseon 청국왕 (465 SM - 432 SM)
- Raja Doguk dari Gojoseon 도국왕 (432 SM - 413 SM)
- Raja Hyeokseong dari Gojoseon 혁성왕 (413 SM - 385 SM)
- Raja Hwara dari Gojoseon 화라왕 (413 SM - 385 SM)
- Raja Seolmun dari Gojoseon 설문왕 (369 SM - 361 SM)
- Raja Gyeongsun dari Gojoseon 경순왕 (361 SM - 342 SM)
- Raja Gadeok dari Gojoseon 가덕왕 (342 SM - 315 SM)
- Raja Samhyo dari Gojoseon 삼효왕 (315 SM - 290 SM)
- Raja Hyeonmun dari Gojoseon 현문왕 (315 SM - 290 SM)
- Raja Jangpyeong dari Gojoseon 장평왕 (251 SM - 232 SM)
- Raja Jongtong dari Gojoseon 종통왕 (232 SM - 220 SM)
- Raja Ae dari Gojoseon 애왕 (220 SM - 195 SM)
Wiman Joseon
Buyeo
Goguryeo
Goguryeo (37 SM- 668 SM) adalah salah satu dari Tiga Kerajaan Korea. [1]
| # | Nama Populer[2] | Hangul (Hanja) | Nama Personal [3][4] | Periode Berkuasa |
| Garis Legendaris [5] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dongmyeongseong | 동명성왕 (東明聖王), 동명왕 (東明王) | Jumong 주몽 (朱蒙), Chumo 추모 (鄒牟), Sanghae 상해 (象解) | 37-19 SM |
| 2 | Yurimyeong | 유리왕 (琉璃王), 유리명왕 (琉璃明王) | Yuri 유리 (琉璃, 類利), Yuryu 유류 (孺留), Nuri 누리 (累利) | 19 SM - 18 M |
| 3 | Daemusin | 대무신왕 (大武神王), 대해주류왕 (大解朱留王) | Muhyul 무휼 (無恤) | 18-44 |
| 4 | Minjung | 민중왕 (閔中王) | Saekju 색주 (色朱) | 44-48 |
| 5 | Mobon | 모본왕 (慕本王) | U 우 (憂), Aeru 애루 (愛婁), Mangnae 막래 (莫來) | 48-53 |
| Garis Raja Besar | ||||
| 6 | Taejo | 태조[대]왕 (太祖[大]王), 국조왕 (國祖王) | Gung 궁 (宮), Eosu 어수 (於漱) | 53-146 |
| 7 | Chadae | 차대왕 (次大王) | Suseong 수성 (遂成) | 146-165 |
| 8 | Sindae | 신대왕 (新大王) | Baekgo 백고 (伯固), Baekgu 백구 (伯句) | 165-179 |
| Garis Hwando-Guknae | ||||
| 9 | Gogukcheon | 고국천왕 (故國川王), 국양왕 (國襄王) | Nammu 남무 (男武) | 179-197 |
| 10 | Sansang | 산상태왕 山上太王 | Jeong-u 정우 廷優, Wigung 위궁 位宮 | 197-227 |
| 11 | Dongcheon | 동천왕 東川王, 東襄王 | Uwigeo 우위거 憂位居, Gyoche 교체 郊彘 | 227-248 |
| 12 | Jungcheon | 중천왕 中川王, 中襄王 | Yeonbul 연불 然弗 | 248-270 |
| 13 | Seocheon | 서천왕 西川王, 西襄王 | Yangno 약로 藥盧, Yagu 약우 若友 | 270-292 |
| 14 | Bongsang | 봉상왕 烽上太王, 鴙葛王 | Sangbu 상부 相夫, Sapsiru 삽시루 插矢婁 | 292-300 |
| 15 | Micheon | 미천왕 美川太王, 好攘王 | Eulbul 을불 乙弗, Ubul 우불 憂拂 | 300-331 |
| 16 | Gogugwon | 고국원왕 故國原王 | Sayu 사유 斯由, Yu 유 劉, Soe 쇠 釗 | 331-371 |
| 17 | Sosurim | 소수림왕 小獸林王 | Gubu 구부 丘夫 | 371-384 |
| 18 | Gogugyang | 고국양왕 故國攘王 | Yiryeon 이련 伊連, Eojiji 어지지 於只支 | 384-391 |
| 19 | Gwanggaeto yang Agung | 국강상광개토경평안호태왕 國彊上廣開土境平安好太王 | Damdeok 담덕 談德, An 안 安 | 391-413 |
| Garis Pyongyang | ||||
| 20 | Jangsu | 장수태왕 長壽太王 | Georyeon 거련 巨連, Goryeon 고련 高璉 | 413-490 |
| 21 | Munjamyeong | 문자명왕 文咨明王 | Na-un 나운 羅雲, Go-un 고운 高雲 | 491-519 |
| 22 | Anjang | 안장왕 安藏王 | Heung-an 흥안 興安, Go-an 고안 高安 | 519-531 |
| 23 | Anwon | 안원왕 安原王 | Bojeong 보정 寶廷, Gojeong 고정 高廷 | 531-545 |
| 24 | Yangwon | 양원왕 陽原王, 陽崗上王 | Pyeongseong 평성 平成 | 545-559 |
| 25 | Pyeongwon | 평원왕 平原王 | Yangseong 양성 陽成, Tang 탕 湯, Goyang 고양 高陽 | 559-590 |
| 26 | Yeongyang | 영양왕 嬰陽王, 평양왕 平陽王 | Go Won 고원 高元, Daewon 대원 大元 | 590-618 |
| 27 | Yeongnyu | 영류왕 營留王 | Go Geonmu 고건무 高建武, Seong 성 成, Gomu 고무 高武 | 618-642 |
| 28 | Bojang | 보장왕 寶藏王 | Go Jang 고장 高藏, Bojang 보장 寶藏 | 642-668 |
Baekje
Silla
Unified Silla
Gaya confederacy
Balhae
Hubaekje
Goryeo
| # | Nama Personal | Periode Berkuasa | Nama Tionghoa (C)/ Nama Mongol (M) / Pseudonim (Ps) |
Nama Kuil (廟號) (T) / Nama Populer (諡號) (P) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Romanisasi | Hangul/Hanja | Romanisasi | Hangul/Hanja | Romanisasi | Hangul/Hanja | ||
| 1 | Wang Geon | 왕건 王建 |
918–943 | Yakcheon (C) | 약천 若天 (C) |
Taejo | 태조 太祖 (T) |
| 2 | Wang Mu | 왕무 王武 |
943–945 | Sunggeon (C) | 승건 承乾 (C) |
Hyejong | 혜종 惠宗 (T) |
| 3 | Wang Yo | 왕요 王堯 |
945–949 | Cheoneui (C) | 천의 (C) | Jeongjong | 정종 定宗 (T) |
| 4 | Wang So | 왕소 王昭 |
949–975 | Ilhwa (C) | 일화 日華 (C) |
Gwangjong | 광종 光宗 (T) |
| 5 | Wang Yu | 왕유 王伷 |
975–981 | Jangmin (C) | 장민 長民 (C) |
Gyeongjong | 경종 景宗 (T) |
| 6 | Wang Chi | 왕치 王治 |
981–997 | Ongo (C) | 온고 溫古 (C) |
Seongjong | 성종 成宗 (T) |
| 7 | Wang Song | 왕송 王誦 |
997–1009 | Hyosin (C) | 효신 孝伸 (C) |
Mokjong | 목종 穆宗 (T) |
| 8 | Wang Sun | 왕순 王詢 |
1009–1031 | Anse (C) | 안세 安世 (C) |
Hyeonjong | 현종 顯宗 (T) |
| 9 | Wang Heum | 왕흠 王欽 |
1031–1034 | Wonryang (C) | 원량 元良 (C) |
Deokjong | 덕종 德宗 (T) |
| 10 | Wang Hyeong | 왕형 王亨 |
1034–1046 | Sinjo (C) | 신조 申照 (C) |
Jeongjong | 정종 靖宗 (T) |
| 11 | Wang Hwi | 왕휘 王徽 |
1046–1083 | Chokyu (C) | 촉유 燭幽 (C) |
Munjong | 문종 文宗 (T) |
| 12 | Wang Hun | 왕훈 王勳 |
1083 | Euigong (C) | 의공 義恭 (C) |
Sunjong | 순종 順宗 (T) |
| 13 | Wang Un | 왕운 王運 |
1083–1094 | Gyecheon (C) | 계천 繼天 (C) |
Seonjong | 선종 宣宗 (T) |
| 14 | Wang Uk | 왕욱 王昱 |
1094–1095 | Heonjong | 헌종 獻宗 (T) | ||
| 15 | Wang Hee | 왕희 王熙 |
1095–1105 | Cheonsang (C) | 천상 天常 (C) |
Sukjong | 숙종 肅宗 (T) |
| 16 | Wang U | 왕우 王俁 |
1105–1122 | Semin (C) | 세민 世民 (C) |
Yejong | 예종 睿宗 (T) |
| 17 | Wang Hae | 왕해 王楷 |
1122–1146 | Inpyo (C) | 인표 仁表 (C) |
Injong | 인종 仁宗 (T) |
| 18 | Wang Hyeon | 왕현 王晛 |
1146–1170 | Ilsung (C) | 일승 日升 (C) |
Uijong | 의종 毅宗 (T) |
| 19 | Wang Ho | 왕호 王皓 |
1170–1197 | Jidan (C) | 지단 之旦 (C) |
Myeongjong | 명종 明宗 (T) |
| 20 | Wang Tak | 왕탁 王晫 |
1197–1204 | Jihwa (C) | 지화 至華 (C) |
Sinjong | 신종 神宗 (T) |
| 21 | Wang Yeong | 왕영 王韺 |
1204–1211 | Bulpi (C) | 불피 不陂 (C) |
Huijong | 희종 熙宗 (T) |
| 22 | Wang O | 왕오/왕숙/왕정 王晶/王璹/王貞 |
1211–1213 | Daehwa (C) | 대화 大華 (C) |
Gangjong | 강종 康宗 (T) |
| 23 | Wang Cheol | 왕철 王澈 |
1213–1259 | Cheonu (C) | 천우 天祐 (C) |
Gojong | 고종 高宗 (T) |
| 24 | Wang Sik | 왕식 王倎 |
1259–1274 | Ilsin (C) | 일신 日新 (C) |
Wonjong | 원종 元宗 (T) |
| 25 | Wang Geo | 왕거 王椹 |
1274–1308 | Chungnyeol | 충렬왕 忠烈王 (P) | ||
| 26 | Wang Jang | 왕장 王璋 |
1308–1313 | Jungang (C) | 중앙 仲昻 (C) |
Chungseon | 충선왕 忠宣王 (P) |
| 27 | Wang Man | 왕만 王燾 |
1313–1330 1332–1339 |
Euihyo (C) | 의효 (C) | Chungsuk | 충숙왕 忠肅王 (P) |
| 28 | Wang Jeong | 왕정 王禎 |
1330–1332 1339–1344 |
Botapsilli (M) | 보탑실리 普塔失里 (M) |
Chunghye | 충혜왕 忠惠王 (P) |
| 29 | Wang Heun | 왕흔 王昕 |
1344–1348 | Palsamanaeisa(M) | 팔사마타아지 八思麻朶兒只 (M) |
Chungmok | 충목왕 忠穆王 (P) |
| 30 | Wang Jeo | 왕저 王蚳 |
1348–1351 | Misagamtaaji (M) | 미사감타아지 迷思監朶兒只 (M) |
Chungjeong | 충정왕 忠靖王 (P) |
| 31 | Wang Jeon | 왕전 王祺 |
1351–1374 | Ijae / Ikdang (Ps) | 빠이엔티무르 伯顔帖木兒 (M) 이재 /익당 (Ps) |
Gongmin | 공민왕 恭愍王 (P) |
| 32 | Wang U | 왕우 王禑 |
1374–1388 | U | 우왕 禑王 (P) | ||
| 33 | Wang Chang | 왕창 王昌 |
1388–1389 | Chang | 창왕 昌王 (P) | ||
| 34 | Wang Yo | 왕요 王瑤 |
1389–1392 | Gongyang | 공양왕 恭讓王 (P) | ||
Joseon
Joseon (1392-1897) menggantikan Dinasti Koryo. Raja Joseon mempunyai nama kuil yang berakhiran jo atau jong. Jo diberikan untuk raja pertama yang berasal dari luar istana, sedangkan akhiran jong diberikan untuk semua raja.
| # | Nama Personal | Periode berkuasa | Nama Tionghoa (C)/ Pseudonim (Ps) |
Nama Kuil (廟號) (T) / Nama Populer (諡號) (P) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Romanisasi | Hangul/Hanja | Romanisasi | Hangul/Hanja | Romanisasi | Hangul/Hanja | ||
| 1 | Yi Seong gye | 이성계 李成桂 |
1392–1398 | Junggyeol (C) | 중결 仲潔 (C) |
Taejo | 태조 太祖 (T) |
| 2 | Yi Gyeong | 이경 李敬 |
1398–1400 | Gwangwon (C) | 광원 光遠 (C) |
Jeongjong | 정종 定宗 (T) |
| 3 | Yi Bang won | 이방원 李芳遠 |
1400–1418 | Yudeok (C) | 유덕 遺德(C) |
Taejong | 태종 太宗(T) |
| 4 | Yi Do | 이도 李祹 |
1418–1450 | Wonjeong (C) | 원정 元正 (C) |
Sejong | 세종 世宗(T) |
| 5 | Yi Hyang | 이향 李珦 |
1450–1452 | Hwiji (C) | 휘지 輝之(C) |
Munjong | 문종 文宗 (T) |
| 6 | Yi Hong wi | 이홍위 李弘緯 |
1452–1455 | Danjong | 단종 端宗 (T) | ||
| 7 | Yi Yu | 이유 李瑈 |
1455–1468 | Suji (C) | 수지 粹之 (C) |
Sejo | 세조 世祖 (T) |
| 8 | Yi Gwang | 이광 李晄 |
1468–1469 | Myungjo/Pyeongnam (C) | 명조/평남 明照/平南 (C) |
Yejong | 예종 睿宗 (T) |
| 9 | Yi Hyeol | 이혈 李娎 |
1469–1494 | (C) |
Seongjong | 성종 成宗(T) | |
| 10 | Yi Yung | 이융 李隆 |
1494–1506 | (C) |
Yeonsangun | 연산군 燕山君 | |
| 11 | Yi Yeok | 이역 李懌 |
1506–1544 | Nakcheon (C) | 낙천 樂天 (C) |
Jungjong | 중종 中宗 (T) |
| 12 | Yi Ho | 이호 李峼 |
1544–1545 | Cheonyun (C) | 천윤 天胤 (C) |
Injong | 인종 仁宗 (T) |
| 13 | Yi Hwan | 이환 李峘 |
1545–1567 | Daeyang (C) | 대양 對陽 (C) |
Myeongjong | 명종 明宗 (T) |
| 14 | Yi Yeon | 이연 李蚣 |
1567–1608 | Seonjo | 선조 宣祖 (T) | ||
| 15 | Yi Hon | 이혼 李琿 |
1608–1623 | (C) |
Gwanghaegun | 광해군 光海君 | |
| 16 | Yi Jong | 이종 李倧 |
1623–1649 | Hwabaek (C) | 화백 和伯(C) |
Injo | 인조 仁祖 (T) |
| 17 | Yi Ho | 이호 李淏 |
1649–1659 | Jeongyeon (C) Juko (Ps) |
정연/靜淵 (C) 죽오/竹梧 (Ps) |
Hyojong | 효종 孝宗(T) |
| 18 | Yi Yeon | 이연 李棩 |
1659–1674 | Gyungjik (C) | 경직 景直 (C) |
Hyeonjong | 현종 顯宗 (T) |
| 19 | Yi Sun | 이순 李焞 |
1674–1720 | Myungbo (C) | 명보 明普 (C) |
Sukjong | 숙종 (T) |
| 20 | Yi Yun | 이윤 李昀 |
1720–1724 | Hwiseo (C) | 휘서 輝瑞 (C) |
Gyeongjong | 경종 (T) |
| 21 | Yi Geum | 이금 李昑 |
1724–1776 | Gwangsuk (C) Yangseongheon (Ps) |
광숙/光叔 (C) 양성헌/養性軒 (Ps) |
Yeongjo | 영조 英祖 (T) |
| 22 | Yi San | 이산 李祘 |
1776–1800 | Hyeongun (C) Hongjae (Ps) |
형운/亨運 (C) 홍재/弘齋 (Ps) |
Jeongjo | 정조 正祖 (T) |
| 23 | Yi Gong | 이공 李蚣 |
1800–1834 | Gongbo (C) Sunjae (Ps) |
공보/公寶(C) 순재/純齋 (Ps) |
Sunjo | 순조 純祖 (T) |
| 24 | Yi Hwan | 이환 李奐 |
1834–1849 | Muneung (C) Wonheon (Ps) |
문응/文應 (C) 원헌/元軒 (Ps) |
Heonjong | 헌종 憲宗 (T) |
| 25 | Yi Byeon | 이변 李昪 |
1849–1863 | Dosung (C) Daeyongjae (Ps) |
도승/道升(C) 대용재/大勇齋(Ps) |
Cheoljong | 철종 哲宗 (T) |
| 26 | Yi Myeong bok | 이명복 李命福 |
1863–1897 (1907)* | Seongrim (C) Juyeon (Ps) |
성림/聖臨(C) 주연/珠淵 (Ps) |
Gojong | 고종 高宗 (T) |
| 27 | Yi Cheok | 이척 李拓 |
(1907–1910)* | Gunbang (C) Jeongheon (Ps) |
군방/君邦(C) 정헌/正軒 (Ps) |
Sunjong | 순종 純宗 (T) |
Kerajaan Korea (1897-1910)
| # | Nama Personal | Periode berkuasa | Nama Era Korea | Nama Kuil (廟號) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Romanisasi | Hangul/Hanja | Romanisasi | Hangul/Hanja | Romanisasi | Hangul/Hanja | ||
| 1 | Yi Myeong bok | 이명복 李命福 |
1897–1907 | Gwangmu | 광무 光武 |
Gojong | 고종 (T) |
| 2 | Yi Cheok | 이척 李拓 |
1907–1910 | Yungheui | 융희 隆熙 |
Sunjong | 순종 (T) |
Notes
- ^ Cumings (1997, p. 25) only indicates that Gojoseon was among the small peninsular states which emerged "by the fourth century BC." Lee (1984, p. 13) also only mentions Gojoseon as having emerged in the Liao and Taedong valleys by the 4th century. Some, like Kim (1997) do regard "Dangun Joseon" as having possibly existed during the Neolithic period, i.e. before the 13th century BCE; however, by the same token they reject the possibility that Gojoseon can be regarded as a "state" or even "tribal confederation" in the modern sense. Professor Yoon says that the Gojoseon had become an ancient nation at 2333 BCE(Yoon, 2002), which is most recent research
- ^ 김황, Daedong Sagang(대동사강, 大東史綱), 대동사강사, 경성 (1929)
References
- Yoon, N.-H.(윤내현), The Location and Transfer of GO-CHOSUN's Capital(고조선의 도읍 위치와 그 이동), 단군학연구, 7, 207 - 238 (2002)
- Byeon Tae-seop (변태섭) (1999). 韓國史通論 (Hanguksa tongnon) (Outline of Korean history), 4th ed. ISBN 89-445-9101-6.
- Cumings, Bruce (1997). Korea's place in the sun. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-31681-5.
- Kim, Jung Bae (1997). "Formation of the ethnic Korean nation and the emergence of its ancient kingdom states". Korean history: Discovery of its characteristics and developments. Seoul: Hollym. hlm. 27–36. ISBN 1-56591-177-6.
- Nahm, Andrew C. (1988). Korea: Tradition and Transformation — A History of the Korean People. Hollym International. ISBN 0-930878-56-6.
- http://www.rootsinfo.co.kr/index_sub02.html (dalam bahasa Korea)
- http://www.rulers.org