Heim ins Reich

**Heim ins Reich**
Berpulang ke Reich
	Reich Ketiga pada tahun 1939 setelah penaklukan Polandia
Durasi	1938–1944
Lokasi	Wilayah yang dikendalikan Jerman Nazi
Jeniz	Pembersihan etnis dan pemindahan populasi
Sebab	Lebensraum, Generalplan Ost
Tokoh	Adolf Hitler

Heim ins Reich (pelafalan dalam bahasa Jerman: [ˈhaɪm ɪns ˈʁaɪç] ^ⓘ; berarti "berpulang ke Reich") adalah kebijakan luar negeri yang dilancarkan oleh Adolf Hitler semenjak tahun 1938 pada masa Perang Dunia. Tujuan Hitler adalah untuk meyakinkan semua Volksdeutsche (etnis Jerman) yang tinggal di luar wilayah Jerman Nazi (di Austria, Sudetenland, dan distrik barat Polandia) agar mereka berupaya mengembalikan wilayah tersebut ke "rumah" mereka di Jerman Raya. Kebijakan ini juga mengajak orang-orang tersebut untuk "kembali" dari wilayah di luar Jerman setelah penaklukan Polandia dan ditetapkannya Perjanjian Perbatasan Jerman-Soviet.^[1]

Kebijakan ini dijalankan oleh VOMI (Hauptamt Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle atau "Kantor Kesejahteraan Utama untuk Etnis Jerman"). Mereka juga bertugas mengurus semua permasalahan yang terkait dengan Volksdeutsche. Semenjak tahun 1941, VOMI berada di bawah kendali SS.^[2]

Catatan kaki

^ Lynn M. Tesser. "Europe´s pivotal peace projects: Ethnic separation and European integration" (PDF). March 2015 Issue 6. European Policy Analysis. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2017-01-13. Diakses tanggal 2017-07-23. Heim ins Reich, with approximately 600,000 Germans (Volksdeutsche) moving into designated areas [was approved by Hitler, in] a bevy of population exchange agreements in 1938-40 [including] in a 6 October 1939 Reichstag speech.
^ R. M. Douglas (2012). Orderly and Humane: The Expulsion of the Germans after the Second World War. Yale University Press. hlm. 21. ISBN 0300183763. In a keynote address to the Reichstag to mark the end of the 'Polish campaign', Hitler announced on October 6, 1939 ... the Heim ins Reich (Back to the Reich) program. The prospect horrified many ethnic Germans, much of whose enthusiasm for Nazism had been predicated on the expectation that the boundaries of the Reich would, as in the cases of Austria, the Sudetenland, and Danzig, extend to embrace them. The prospect of being uprooted from their homes to face an uncertain future not even in Germany proper, but in the considerably less salubrious environment of western Poland, was much less attractive. So far from rallying enthusiastically to the Führer's call, therefore, many Volksdeutsche greeted the declaration of the Heim in Reich initiative with a deep sense of betrayal.

Bacaan lanjut

R.L. Koehl RKFDV: German Resettlement and Population Policy 1939-1945 (Cambridge MA, 1957).
Anthony Komjathy and Rebecca Stockwell German Minorities and the Third Reich: Ethnic Germans of East Central Europe between the Wars (New York and London, 1980).
Valdis O. Lumans Himmler's Auxiliaries: The Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle and the German National Minorities of Europe, 1933-1945 (Chapel Hill NC and London, 1993).

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[Tesser-1] Lynn M. Tesser. "Europe´s pivotal peace projects: Ethnic separation and European integration" (PDF). March 2015 Issue 6. European Policy Analysis. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2017-01-13. Diakses tanggal 2017-07-23. Heim ins Reich, with approximately 600,000 Germans (Volksdeutsche) moving into designated areas [was approved by Hitler, in] a bevy of population exchange agreements in 1938-40 [including] in a 6 October 1939 Reichstag speech.

[Douglas-2] R. M. Douglas (2012). Orderly and Humane: The Expulsion of the Germans after the Second World War. Yale University Press. hlm. 21. ISBN 0300183763. In a keynote address to the Reichstag to mark the end of the 'Polish campaign', Hitler announced on October 6, 1939 ... the Heim ins Reich (Back to the Reich) program. The prospect horrified many ethnic Germans, much of whose enthusiasm for Nazism had been predicated on the expectation that the boundaries of the Reich would, as in the cases of Austria, the Sudetenland, and Danzig, extend to embrace them. The prospect of being uprooted from their homes to face an uncertain future not even in Germany proper, but in the considerably less salubrious environment of western Poland, was much less attractive. So far from rallying enthusiastically to the Führer's call, therefore, many Volksdeutsche greeted the declaration of the Heim in Reich initiative with a deep sense of betrayal.

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