bell hooks

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bell hooks
bell hooks pada Oktober 2014
Lahir	Gloria Jean Watkins (1952-09-25)25 September 1952 Hopkinsville, Kentucky, Amerika Serikat
Meninggal	15 Desember 2021(2021-12-15) (umur 69) Berea, Kentucky, Amerika Serikat
Pendidikan	Universitas Stanford (BA) Universitas Wisconsin–Madison (MA) Universitas California, Santa Cruz (PhD)
Pekerjaan	Author academic activist
Tahun aktif	1978–2018
Dikenal atas	Oppositional gaze
Karya terkenal	Ain't I a Woman? (1981) Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center (1984) All About Love: New Visions (2000) We Real Cool: Black Men and Masculinity (2004)
Situs web	bellhooksinstitute.com
(1991) Penghargaan Buku Nasional

Gloria Jean Watkins (25 September 1952 – 15 Desember 2021), yang lebih dikenal lewat nama penanya bell hooks, adalah penulis, profesor, feminis, dan aktivis sosial Amerika Serikat. Nama "bell hooks" berasal dari nama nenek buyutnya, Bell Blair Hooks.

Fokus tulisan bell adalah interseksionalitas ras, kapitalisme, gender, dan apa yang dia gambarkan sebagai kemampuan mereka untuk memproduksi dan melanggengkan sistem penindasan dan dominasi kelas. Ia menerbitkan lebih dari 30 buku dan banyak artikel ilmiah, tampil dalam film dokumenter, dan ikut serta dalam kuliah umum. Karyanya membahas ras, kelas, gender, seni, sejarah, seksualitas, media massa, dan feminisme. Pada tahun 2014, ia mendirikan bell hooks Institute di Berea College, Berea, Kentucky.

Kehidupan masa kecil

Gloria Jean Watkins lahir pada 25 September 1952 di Hopkinsville, sebuah kota kecil yang tersegregasi di Kentucky, to a working-class African-American family. Watkins was one of six children born to Rosa Bell Watkins (née Oldham) and Veodis Watkins. Her father worked as a janitor and her mother worked as a maid in the homes of caucasian families.

An avid reader, Watkins was educated in racially segregated public schools, later moving to an integrated school in the late 1960s. She graduated from Hopkinsville High School before obtaining her BA in English from Stanford University in 1973, and her MA in English from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1976. During this time, at 24 Watkins was writing her book Ain't I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism, which was published in 1981.

In 1983, after several years of teaching and writing, she completed her doctorate in English at the University of California, Santa Cruz, in 1987, with a dissertation on author Toni Morrison.

Filmography

• Black Is... Black Ain't (1994)
• Give a Damn Again (1995)
• Cultural Criticism and Transformation (1997)
• My Feminism (1997)
• Voices of Power (1999)
• BaadAsssss Cinema (2002)
• I Am a Man: Black Masculinity in America (2004)
• Happy to Be Nappy and Other Stories of Me (2004)
• Is Feminism Dead? (2004)
• Fierce Light: When Spirit Meets Action (2008)
• Occupy Love (2012)
• Hillbilly (2018)

Awards and nominations

• Yearning: Race, Gender, and Cultural Politics: The American Book Awards/ Before Columbus Foundation Award (1991)
• bell hooks: The Writer's Award from the Lila Wallace–Reader's Digest Fund (1994)
• Happy to Be Nappy: NAACP Image Award nominee (2001)
• Homemade Love: The Bank Street College Children's Book of the Year (2002)
• Salvation: Black People and Love: Hurston/Wright Legacy Award nominee (2002)
• bell hooks: Utne Reader's "100 Visionaries Who Could Change Your Life"
• bell hooks: The Atlantic Monthly's "One of our nation's leading public intellectuals"
• bell hooks: TIME 100 Women of the Year, 2020

Select bibliography

Books

• And there we wept: poems. 1978. OCLC 6230231. 
• Ain't I a Woman?: Black women and feminism. Boston, Massachusetts: South End Press. 1981. ISBN 978-0-89608-129-1. 
• Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center. South End Press. 1984. ISBN 978-0-89608-613-5. 
• Talking Back: Thinking feminist, thinking Black. Between the Lines. 1989. ISBN 978-0-921284-09-3.  Excerpted in Busby, Margaret, ed. (1992). Daughters of Africa. New York: Pantheon Books. 
• Yearning: race, gender, and cultural politics. Boston, Massachusetts: South End Press. 1990. ISBN 978-1-1-38821-75-0. 
• With Cornel West, Breaking bread: insurgent Black intellectual life. Boston, Massachusetts: South End Press. 1991. ISBN 978-0-89608-414-8. 
• Hooks, Bell (1992). Black Looks: Race and representation. ISBN 978-0-89608-434-6. 
• Sisters of the yam: Black women and self-recovery. Boston, Massachusetts: South End Press. 1993. ISBN 978-1138821682. 
• Teaching to transgress: education as the practice of freedom. New York: Routledge. 1994. ISBN 978-0-415-90808-5. 
• Outlaw culture: resisting representations. New York: Routledge. 1994. ISBN 978-0-415-90811-5. 
• Killing rage: ending racism. New York: Henry Holt and Co. 1995. ISBN 978-0-8050-5027-1. 
• Art on my mind: visual politics. The New Press. 1995. ISBN 978-1-56584-263-2. 
• Reel to real: race, sex, and class at the movies. 1996. ISBN 978-0-415-91824-4. 
• Bone Black: Memories of Girlhood. New York: Henry Holt & Co. 1996. ISBN 978-0-8050-4146-0. 
• Wounds of passion: a writing life. New York: Henry Holt & Co. 1997. ISBN 978-0-8050-5722-5. 
• Remembered rapture: the writer at work. Henry Holt and Co. 1999. ISBN 978-0-8050-5910-6. 
• hooks, bell (2000). Justice: childhood love lessons. ISBN 978-0-688-16844-5. 
• All About Love: New Visions. New York: William Morrow. 2000. ISBN 978-0-06-095947-0. 
• Feminism is for everybody: passionate politics. Cambridge, MA: South End Press. 2000. ISBN 978-0-89608-628-9. 
• Where we stand: class matters (PDF). Routledge. 2000. ISBN 978-0-415-92913-4. 
• Salvation: Black people and love. New York: Perennial. 2001. ISBN 978-0-06-095949-4. 
• Communion: the female search for love. New York, NY: Perennial. 2002. ISBN 978-0-06-093829-1. 
• Teaching community: a pedagogy of hope. New York: Routledge. 2003. ISBN 978-0-415-96818-8. 
• Rock my soul: Black people and self-esteem. New York: Atria Books. 2003. ISBN 978-0-7434-5605-0. 
• The will to change: men, masculinity, and love. New York: Atria Books. 2004. ISBN 978-0-7434-5607-4. 
• Space. 2004. 
• We Real Cool: Black Men and Masculinity. New York: Routledge. 2004. ISBN 978-0-203-64220-7. 
• Soul sister: women, friendship, and fulfillment. Cambridge, Massachusetts: South End Press. 2005. ISBN 978-0-89608-735-4. 
• Witness. 2006. 
• With Amalia Mesa-Bains, Homegrown: engaged cultural criticism. Cambridge, Massachusetts: South End Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-89608-759-0. 
• Belonging: a culture of place. New York: Routledge. 2009. ISBN 978-0-203-88801-8. 
• Teaching critical thinking: practical wisdom. New York: Routledge. 2010. ISBN 978-0-415-96820-1. 
• Appalachian elegy: poetry and place. Kentucky Voices Series. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. 2012. ISBN 978-0-8131-3669-1. 
• Writing beyond race: living theory and practice. New York: Routledge. 2013. ISBN 978-0-415-53914-2. 
• Uncut Funk: A Contemplative Dialogue. New York: Routledge. 2018. ISBN 978-2-238-10210-1.

Children's books

• Happy to be Nappy. Chris Raschka (illustrator). 1999. ISBN 978-0-7868-2377-2. 
• Homemade Love. New York: Hyperion Books for Children. 2002. ISBN 978-0786825530. 
• Be boy buzz. New York: Hyperion Books for Children. 2002. ISBN 978-0786816439. 
• Skin again. Chris Raschka (illustrator). New York: Hyperion Books for Children. 2004. ISBN 9780786808250. 
• Grump groan growl. Chris Raschka (illustrator). New York: Hyperion Books for Children. 2008. ISBN 978-0786808168. 

Book chapters

• hooks, bell (1993), "Black women and feminism", dalam Richardson, Laurel; Taylor, Verta A., Feminist frontiers III, New York: McGraw-Hill, hlm. 444–449, ISBN 978-0075570011. 
• hooks, bell (1996), "Continued devaluation of Black womanhood", dalam Jackson, Stevi; Scott, Sue, Feminism and sexuality: a reader, New York: Columbia University Press, hlm. 216–223, ISBN 978-0231107082. 
• hooks, bell (1997), "Sisterhood: political solidarity between women", dalam McClintock, Anne; Mufti, Aamir; Shohat, Ella, Dangerous liaisons: gender, nation, and postcolonial perspectives, Minnesota, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, hlm. 396–414, ISBN 978-0816626496. 
• hooks, bell (2004), "Selling hot pussy: representations of Black female sexuality in the cultural marketplace", dalam Richardson, Laurel; Taylor, Verta A.; Whittier, Nancy, Feminist frontiers (edisi ke-5th), Boston: McGraw-Hill, hlm. 119–127, ISBN 978-0072824230.  Pdf.
• hooks, bell (2005), "Black women: shaping feminist theory", dalam Cudd, Ann E.; Andreasen, Robin O., Feminist theory: a philosophical anthology, Oxford, UK; Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, hlm. 60–68, ISBN 978-1405116619. 

References

Cited sources

• hooks, bell (2005). "Black women: shaping feminist theory". Dalam Cudd, Ann E.; Andreasen, Robin O. Feminist theory: a philosophical anthology. Oxford, UK; Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing. hlm. 60–68. ISBN 978-1405116619. 
• hooks, bell (1992). Black Looks: Race and Representation. Boston: South End Press. 
• hooks, bell (1996). Reel to Real: Race, Sex, and Class at the Movies. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-91824-4. 
• McCluskey, Audrey Thomas (2007). Frame by Frame III: A Filmography of the African Diasporan Image, 1994–2004 (dalam bahasa Inggris). Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-34829-6. 

Further reading

• hooks, bell; Trend, David (1996), "Representation and democracy an interview", dalam Trend, David, Radical democracy: identity, citizenship, and the state, New York: Routledge, hlm. 228–236, ISBN 978-0415912471 
• Florence, Namulundah (1998). bell hooks' Engaged Pedagogy. Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey. ISBN 978-0-89789-564-4. OCLC 38239473. 
• Leitch et al., eds. "bell hooks". The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2001. pp. 2475–2484. ISBN 0-393-97429-4
• South End Press Collective, ed. (1998). "Critical Consciousness for Political Resistance". Talking About a Revolution. Cambridge: South End Press. hlm. 39–52. ISBN 978-0-89608-587-9. OCLC 38566253. 
• Stanley, Sandra Kumamoto, ed. (1998). Other Sisterhoods: Literary Theory and U.S. Women of Color. Chicago: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-02361-3. OCLC 36446785. 
• Wallace, Michele (1998). Black Popular Culture. New York: The New Press. ISBN 978-1-56584-459-9. OCLC 40548914. 
• Whitson, Kathy J. (2004). Encyclopedia of Feminist Literature. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-32731-5. OCLC 54529420. 

External links

• bell hooks articles published in Lion's Roar magazine.
• South End Press (books by hooks published by South End Press)
• University of California, Santa Barbara (biographical sketch of hooks)
• "Postmodern Blackness" (article by hooks)
• Whole Terrain (articles by hooks published in Whole Terrain)
• Challenging Capitalism & Patriarchy (interviews with hooks by Third World Viewpoint)
• Ingredients of Love (an interview with Ascent magazine)
• bell hooks di IMDb (dalam bahasa Inggris)
• Kemunculan di C-SPAN
  • In Depth interview with hooks, May 5, 2002
• Interview in BOMB magazine