Peperangan Candu
Tampilan
Perang Candu, Perang Opium (Hanzi: 鸦片战争; Hanzi tradisional: 鴉片戰爭; Hanzi: Yāpiàn Zhànzhēng), juga disebut Perang Anglo-Cina, berlangsung dari tahun 1839 - 1842 dan 1856 - 1860[1] sebagai klimaks dari sengketa perdagangan antara Cina dibawah Dinasti Qing dengan Britania Raya. Penyelundupan opium Britania dari India ke Cina dan usaha pemerintah Cina menerapkan hukum obat-obatannya menyebabkan konflik militer.
Cina kalah dalam perang ini, sehingga Perjanjian Nanjing dan Perjanjian Tianjin ditandatangani. Akibat perang ini, Hong Kong diserahkan kepada Britania Raya.
Referensi
- Jack Beeching, The Chinese Opium Wars (1975), ISBN 0-15-617094-9
- Maurice Collis, Foreign Mud, An account of the Opium War (1946), ISBN 0-571-19301-3
- Timothy Brook and Bob Tadashi Wakabayashi, editors, Opium Regimes: China, Britain, and Japan, 1839-1952 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000). Collection of well-informed articles.
- Carl A. Trocki, Opium, Empire and the Global Political Economy: A Study of the Asian Opium Trade, 1750-1950 (London: Routledge, 1999).
- Yangwen Zheng, The Social Life of Opium in China (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005). Outstanding comprehensive social history.
- Brian Inglis, The Opium War (Coronet, 1976), ISBN 0-340-23468-7
- Diana L. Ahmad, The Opium Debate and Chinese Exclusion Laws in the Nineteenth-century American West (University of Nevada Press, 2007). Drugs and Racism in the Old West.
- Wolseley, GJ., Narrative of the War with China in 1860 (Longman, Green, Longman & Roberts, 1862)
- Waley, A. The Opium War through Chinese Eyes (George Allen & Unwin, 1958)
- Chesneaux, J. and others. China from the Opium Wars to the 1911 Revolution (Harvester Press, Sussex, 1977).
Referensi
- ^ Hanes, William Travis (2002). Opium Wars: The Addiction of One Empire and the Corruption of Another. hlm. 3.