Bangsa

Bangsa adalah suatu kelompok manusia yang dianggap memiliki identitas bersama, dan mempunyai kesamaan bahasa, agama, ideologi, budaya, dan/atau sejarah. Mereka umumnya dianggap memiliki asal-usul keturunan yang sama. Konsep bahwa semua manusia dibagi menjadi kelompok-kelompok bangsa ini merupakan salah satu doktrin paling berpengaruh dalam sejarah. Doktrin ini merupakan doktrin etika dan filsafat, dan merupakan awal dari ideologi nasionalisme.

<@--The national identity refers both to the distinguishing features of the group, and to the individual's sense of belonging to it. A very wide range of criteria is used, with very different applications. Small differences in pronunciation may be enough to categorise someone as a member of another nation. On the other hand, two people may be separated by difference in personalities, belief systems, geographical locations, time and even spoken language, yet regard themselves and be seen by others, as members of the same nation. Members of a nation are considered to share certain traits, values and norms of behavior, certain duties toward other members, and certain responsibilities for the actions of the members of the same nation.

Nations extend across generations, and include the dead as full members. More vaguely, they are assumed to include future generations. Past events are framed in this context; for example; by referring to "our soldiers" in conflicts which took place hundreds of years ago.

The term nation is often used as a synonym for ethnic group (sometimes "ethnos"), but although ethnicity is now one of the most important aspects of cultural or social identity for the members of most nations, people with the same ethnic origin may live in different nation-states and be treated as members of separate nations for that reason. National identity is often disputed, down to the level of the individual.

Almost all nations are associated with a specific territory, the national homeland. Some live in a historical diaspora, that is, mainly outside the national homeland. A state which explicitly identifies as the homeland of a particular nation is a nation-state, and most modern states fall into this category, although there may be violent disputes about their legitimacy. Where territory is disputed between nations, the claims may be based on which nation lived there first. Especially in areas of historical European settlement (1500-1950), the term "First Nations" is used by groups which share an aboriginal culture, and seek official recognition or autonomy.-->