Daftar sultan Utsmaniyah
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Para sultan Dinasti Utsmaniyah menguasai wilayah kekuasaan transkontinental yang sangat luas mulai dari tahun 1299 hingga 1922. Pada puncak kejayaannya, Kesultanan Utsmaniyah berkuasa mulai dari Hungaria hingga ke bagian utara Somalia di sebelah selatan, dan dari Aljazair di sebelah barat hingga Irak di sebelah timur. Ibukotanya mula-mula adalah Bursa di Anatolia, kemudian dipindahkan ke Edirne pada tahun 1366 dan ke Konstantinopel atau Istanbul pada tahun 1453 setelah Kejatuhan Konstantinopel Kekaisaran Bizantium[1]
Daftar sultan
Tabel di bawah ini berisi informasi para sultan Utsmaniyah, juga kalifah Utsmaniyah, diurutkan berdasarkan kronologi. Tughra adalah lambang atau tanda kaligrafi yang digunakan oleh para sultan Utsmaniyah yang dituliskan pada semua dokumen resmi dan uang koin, dan lebih melambangkan sang sultan daripada portret sang sultan. Kolom "Catatan" berisi informasi mengenai orangtua dan nasib tiap sultan. Bila pemerintahan seorang sultan tidak berakhir dengan kematian wajar, alasannya ditandai dengan cetak tebal. [2] Pada tahun 1617, hukum pergantian keturunan dalam Kesultanan ini diubah dari "siapa yang kuat akan menang" menjadi suatu sistem yang didasarkan atas tingkat senioritas agnatik (ekberiyet), yaitu tahta akan diteruskan oleh laki-laki tertua dalam keluarga. Ini menyebabkan sejak abad ke-17 sultan yang meninggal jarang digantikan oleh putranya, tetapi biasanya oleh seorang paman atau saudara laki-laki.[3] Sistem "senioritas agnatik" (agnatic seniority) dipertahankan sampai pembubaran kesultanan, meskipun pada abad ke-19 ada usaha yang gagal untuk mengganti dengan sistem "primogeniture" (keturunan tertua).[4]
# | Sultan | Potret | Berkuasa sejak | Berkuasa hingga | Tughra | Catatan |
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— | Emir Gazi Ertuğrul Bey أرطغرل غازی Amîr Ghazi - The Esquire (b. 1191 - d. 1281) |
Ertuğrul Bey | 1230 | 1281 | — [c] |
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— | Emir Gazi Osman Bey عثمان بن أرطغرل Amîr Fakhr ud-din Othman-Al Ghazi - The Esquire (b. 1258 - d. 1324) |
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1281 | 1299 | — [c] |
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Pendirian Kesultanan Utsmaniyah (27 Juli 1299 – 20 Juli 1402) | ||||||
1 | Osman I GHAZI (The Warrior) BEY (The Esquire) KARA (lit. The Land or The Black) for his bravery |
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1299 | 1324 | — [c] |
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2 | Orhan I GHAZI (The Warrior) BEY (The Esquire) |
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1324 | 1362 |
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3 | Murad I HÜDAVENDİGÂR - Khodāvandgār - (The God-like One)
|
Potret Murad I | 1362 | 15 Juni 1389 |
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4 | Bayezid I YILDIRIM (The Thunderbolt) |
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15 Juni 1389 | 20 Juli 1402 |
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Ottoman Interregnum[d] (20 Juli 1402 – 5 Juli 1413) | ||||||
— | İsa Çelebi The Co-Sultan of Anatolia |
1403 | 1405 | — |
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— | Emir (Amir) Süleyman Çelebi The First Sultan of Rumelia |
20 Juli 1402 | 17 Februari 1411[10] | — |
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— | Musa Çelebi The Second Sultan of Rumelia |
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18 Februari 1411 | 5 Juli 1413[12] | — |
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— | Mehmed Çelebi The Sultan of Anatolia |
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1403 - 1406 (Sultan of the Eastern Anatolian Territory) 1406 - 1413 (The Sultan of Anatolia) |
5 Juli 1413 | — |
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Kebangkitan Kesultanan Utsmaniyah (5 Juli 1413 – 29 Mei 1453) | ||||||
5 | Mehmed I ÇELEBİ (The Affable) KİRİŞÇİ (lit. The Bowstring Maker) for his support |
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5 Juli 1413 | 26 Mei 1421 |
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6 | Murad II KOCA (The Great) |
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25 Juni 1421 | 1444 |
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7 | Mehmed II FATİH (The Conqueror) |
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1444 | 1446 |
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— | Murad II KOCA (The Great) |
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1446 | 3 Februari 1451 | ||
Perkembangan Kesultanan Utsmaniyah (29 Mei 1453 – 11/12 September 1683) | ||||||
— | Mehmed II FATİH (The Conqueror) |
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3 Februari 1451 | 3 Mei 1481 |
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8 | Bayezid II VELÎ (The Saint) |
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19 Mei 1481 | 25 April 1512 |
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9 | Selim I YAVUZ (The Stern) (Caliph Of Muslims Since 1517) |
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25 April 1512 | 21 September 1520 |
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10 | Suleiman I MUHTEŞEM (Yang Agung) or KANÛNÎ (The Lawgiver) |
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30 September 1520 | 6 or 7 September 1566 | ![]() |
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11 | Selim II SARI (The Yellow-The Blond) |
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29 September 1566 | 21 Desember 1574 |
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12 | Murad III | ![]() |
22 Desember 1574 | 16 Januari 1595 |
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13 | Mehmed III ADLÎ (The Just) |
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27 Januari 1595 | 20 or 21 Desember 1603 |
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14 | Ahmed I BAKHTÎ (The Fortunate) |
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21 Desember 1603 | 22 November 1617 |
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15 | Mustafa I DELİ (The Intestable) |
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22 November 1617 | 26 Februari 1618 |
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16 | Osman II GENÇ (The Young) |
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26 Februari 1618 | 19 Mei 1622 |
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— | Mustafa I DELİ (The Intestable) |
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20 Mei 1622 | 10 September 1623 |
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17 | Murad IV GHAZI (The Warrior) |
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10 September 1623 | 8 or 9 Februari 1640 | ![]() |
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18 | Ibrahim I DELİ (The Arrage) |
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9 Februari 1640 | 8 Agustus 1648 |
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19 | Mehmed IV AVCI (The Hunter) |
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8 Agustus 1648 | 8 November 1687 |
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Stagnasi Kesultanan Utsmaniyah (11/12 September 1683 – 20 Oktober 1827) | ||||||
20 | Suleiman II | ![]() |
8 November 1687 | 22 Juni 1691 |
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21 | Ahmed II KHAN GHAZI (The Warrior Prince) |
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22 Juni 1691 | 6 Februari 1695 |
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22 | Mustafa II GHAZI (The Warrior) |
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6 Februari 1695 | 22 Agustus 1703 |
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23 | Ahmed III | ![]() |
22 Agustus 1703 | 1 or 2 Oktober 1730 |
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24 | Mahmud I GHAZI (The Warrior) KAMBUR (The Hunchback) |
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2 Oktober 1730 | 13 Desember 1754 |
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25 | Osman III SOFU (The Devout) |
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13 Desember 1754 | 29 or 30 Oktober 1757 |
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26 | Mustafa III YENİLİKÇİ (The First Innovative) |
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30 Oktober 1757 | 21 Januari 1774 |
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27 | Abd-ul-Hamid I The Servant of God |
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21 Januari 1774 | 6 or 7 April 1789 |
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28 | Selim III BESTEKÂR (The Composer) |
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7 April 1789 | 29 Mei 1807 |
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29 | Mustafa IV | ![]() |
29 Mei 1807 | 28 Juli 1808 |
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30 | Mahmud II ISLAHÂTÇI (The Reformer) |
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28 Juli 1808 | 1 Juli 1839 |
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Kemunduran Kesultanan Utsmaniyah (20 Oktober 1827 – 24 Juli 1908) | ||||||
31 | Abd-ul-Mejid I TANZİMÂTÇI (The Strong Reformist or The Advocate of Reorganization) |
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1 Juli 1839 | 25 Juni 1861 |
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32 | Abd-ul-Aziz I | 25 Juni 1861 | 30 Mei 1876 |
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33 | Murad V |
30 Mei 1876 | 31 Agustus 1876 |
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34 | Abd-ul-Hamid II ULU HAN (The Sublime Khan) |
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31 Agustus 1876 | 27 April 1909 |
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Pembubaran Kesultanan Utsmaniyah[e] (24 Juli 1908 – 30 Oktober 1918) | ||||||
35 | Mehmed V REŞÂD (The True Path Follower) |
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27 April 1909 | 3 Juli 1918 |
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Pembagian Kesultanan Utsmaniyah (30 Oktober 1918 – 1 November 1922) | ||||||
36 | Mehmed VI VÂHİD-ÜD-DÎN |
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4 Juli 1918 | 1 November 1922 |
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Republican Caliphate ( 18 November 1922 – 3 Maret 1924 ) | ||||||
— | Abd-ul-Mejid II HALİFE |
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18 November 1922 | 3 Maret 1924 | — [c] |
Lihat pula
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Referensi
- ^ Stavrides 2001, p. 21
- ^ Quataert 2005, p. 91
- ^ Quataert 2005, p. 92
- ^ Karateke 2005, pp. 37–54
- ^ "Sultan Osman Gazi". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan Osman Gazi". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan Orhan Gazi". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan Murad Hüdavendigar Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan Yıldırım Beyezid Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ Nicholae Jorga: Geschishte des Osmanichen (Trans :Nilüfer Epçeli) Vol 1 Yeditepe yayınları, İstanbul,2009,ISBN 975-6480-17-3 p 314
- ^ Nicholae Jorga: Geschishte des Osmanichen (Trans :Nilüfer Epçeli) Vol 1 Yeditepe yayınları, İstanbul, 2009, ISBN 975-6480-17-3 p 314
- ^ Joseph von Hammer:Osmanlı Tarihi cilt I (condensation: Abdülkadir Karahan), Milliyet yayınları, İstanbul. p 58-60.
- ^ Prof. Yaşar Yüce-Prof. Ali Sevim: Türkiye tarihi Cilt II, AKDTYKTTK Yayınları, İstanbul, 1991 p 74-75
- ^ Joseph von Hammer:Osmanlı Tarihi cilt I (condensation: Abdülkadir Karahan), Milliyet yayınları, İstanbul. p. 58-60.
- ^ "Sultan Mehmed Çelebi Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ a b "Sultan II. Murad Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ a b "Chronology: Sultan II. Murad Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-04-07.
- ^ "Fatih Sultan Mehmed Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ Kafadar 1996, p. xix
- ^ "Chronology: Fatih Sultan Mehmed Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2010-07-15.
- ^ "Sultan II. Bayezid Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Yavuz Sultan Selim Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan II. Selim Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan III. Murad Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan III. Mehmed Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan I. Ahmed". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ a b "Sultan I. Mustafa". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan II. Osman Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan IV. Murad Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan İbrahim Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan IV. Mehmed". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan II. Süleyman Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan II. Ahmed Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan II. Mustafa Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan III. Ahmed Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan I. Mahmud Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan III. Osman Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan III. Mustafa Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan I. Abdülhamit Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan III. Selim Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan IV. Mustafa Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan II. Mahmud Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan Abdülmecid Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan Abdülaziz Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan V. Murad Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan II. Abdülhamid Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan V. Mehmed Reşad Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan VI. Mehmed Vahdettin Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- ^ As̜iroğlu 1992, p. 13
- ^ As̜iroğlu 1992, p. 17
- ^ As̜iroğlu 1992, p. 14
Bibliografi
- As̜iroğlu, Orhan Gâzi (1992). Son halife, Abdülmecid. Tarihin şahitleri dizisi (dalam bahasa Turkish). Istanbul: Burak Yayınevi. ISBN 9789757645177. OCLC 32085609.
- Duran, Tülay (1999). Padişah Portreleri (Portraits of the Ottoman Empire's Sultans) (dalam bahasa Turkish). Sirkeci: Association of Historical Research and Istanbul Research Centre. ISBN 9789756926079. OCLC 248496159.
- Findley, Carter V. (2005). The Turks in World History. New York: Oxford University Press US. ISBN 9780195177268. OCLC 54529318. Diakses tanggal 2009-04-29.
- Glazer, Steven A. (1996) [Research completed January 1995]. "Chapter 1: Historical Setting". Dalam Metz, Helen Chapin. A Country Study: Turkey. Country Studies (edisi ke-5th). Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. ISBN 9780844408644. OCLC 33898522. Diakses tanggal 2009-04-22.
- Kafadar, Cemal (1996). Between Two Worlds: The Construction of the Ottoman State. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520206007. OCLC 55849447. Diakses tanggal 2009-04-18.
- Karateke, Hakan T. (2005). "Who is the Next Ottoman Sultan? Attempts to Change the Rule of Succession during the Nineteenth Century". Dalam Weismann, Itzchak; Zachs, Fruma. Ottoman Reform and Muslim Regeneration: Studies in Honour of Butrus Abu-Manneb. London: I. B. Tauris. ISBN 9781850437574. OCLC 60416792. Diakses tanggal 2009-05-02.
- d'Osman Han, Nadine Sultana (2001). The Legacy of Sultan Abdulhamid II: Memoirs and Biography of Sultan Selim bin Hamid Han. Foreword by Manoutchehr M. Eskandari-Qajar. Santa Fe, NM: Sultana Pub. OCLC 70659193. Diakses tanggal 2009-05-02.
- Peirce, Leslie P. (1993). The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. New York: Oxford University Press US. ISBN 9780195086775. OCLC 243767445. Diakses tanggal 2009-04-19.
- Quataert, Donald (2005). The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922 (edisi ke-2nd). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521839105. OCLC 59280221. Diakses tanggal 2009-04-18.
- Stavrides, Theoharis (2001). The Sultan of Vezirs: The Life and Times of the Ottoman Grand Vezir Mahmud Pasha Angelović (1453–1474). Leiden: Brill Publishers. ISBN 9789004121065. OCLC 46640850. Diakses tanggal 2009-04-18.
- Sugar, Peter F. (1993). Southeastern Europe under Ottoman Rule, 1354–1804 (edisi ke-3rd). Seattle: University of Washington Press. ISBN 9780295960333. OCLC 34219399. Diakses tanggal 2009-04-18.
- Toprak, Binnaz (1981). Islam and Political Development in Turkey. Leiden: Brill Publishers. ISBN 9789004064713. OCLC 8258992. Diakses tanggal 2009-04-19.
- Uğur, Ali (2007). Blue Imperialism (dalam bahasa Turkish). Istanbul: Çatı Publishing. ISBN 9758845873 Periksa nilai: checksum
|isbn=
(bantuan). OCLC 221203375. Diakses tanggal 2009-04-19.
- Toynbee, Arnold J. (1974). "The Ottoman Empire's Place in World History". Dalam Karpat, Kemal H. The Ottoman State and Its Place in World History. Social, Economic and Political Studies of the Middle East. 11. Leiden: Brill Publishers. ISBN 9789004039452. OCLC 1318483. Diakses tanggal 2009-05-02.
Pranala luar
- "Website of the 700th Anniversary of the Ottoman Empire". Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
- "Official website of the immediate living descendants of the Ottoman Dynasty". Diakses tanggal 2009-02-06.
— Anggota kerajaan —
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Ciptaan baru |
Penguasa Kesultanan Utsmaniyah 1299–1922 |
Kesultanan dihapuskan Kekuasaan dialihkan ke Presiden Turki |
Jabatan Islam Sunni | ||
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Didahului oleh: Dinasti Abbasyid in Cairo |
Kalifah 1517–1924 |
Penghapusan Kekhalifahan |