Kereta gantung

Kereta gantung adalah sebuah kereta yang menggantung yang berjalan menggunakan kabel. Jalur kereta gantung umumnya berupa garis lurus dan hanya dapat berbelok pada sudut yang kecil di stasiun antara. Awalnya kereta gantung digunakan pada tempat-tempat wisata misalnya di daerah bersalju, daerah pegunungan seperti pegunungan Alpen, atau taman hiburan, namun kini telah juga digunakan untuk transportasi umum di daerah perkotaan seperti misalnya di kota Medellin, Colombia.

Kapasitas kereta gantung dapat mencapai 3000 penumpang per jam, dengan kecepatan 4-6 meter per detik.

Jenis kabin yang umum digunakan adalah gondola dengan kapasitas 4 hingga 12 penumpang. Ada pula jenis kabin yang kapasitasnya lebih besar hingga dapat menampung 150 penumpang. Kabin dengan tipe khusus dapat berputar 360 derajat untuk menikmati pemandangan ke segala arah.

Kereta gantung di seluruh dunia

Afrika

Afrika Selatan

Table Mountain memiliki kereta gantung yang dapat berotasi yang membawa penumpang ke dan dari puncak gunung.

Asia

China

Chongqing - Kereta gantung digunakan sebagai transportasi untuk menyebrangi sungai Yangtze. Kereta gantung tersebut memiliki panjang 740 meter dan berkecepatan 8m/s. Setiap kabin dapat membawa maksimum 45 penumpang, dengan total kapasitas 900 penumpang per jam untuk satu arah.

India

Gangtok - Kereta gantung dioperasikan di bagain timur kota dearah Himalaya, Gangtok. Kereta gantung tersebut mengangkut turis dari satu dearah di kota tersebut ke daerah lainnya.
Phelagham - dalam resor ski di Jammu dan Kashmir, kereta gantung mengankut penumpang ke puncak lereng ski.

Indonesia

Taman Mini Indonesia Indah. Kereta gantung TMII ini memiliki 85 kabin penumpang yang menempuh 3 stasiun A, B dan C. Jalur membentuk huruf "V" dan jarak tempuh keseluruhan yaitu 2.688 m dengan ketinggian mencapai 20 m dari permukaan tanah. Pengunjung dapat menyaksikan indahnya "Nusantara" dalam keberagaman; jajaran pulau-pulau, anjungan daerah, dan seluruh sarana rekreasi di TMII dari angkasa.

Israel

Kereta gantung Masada yang mengangkut turis dari lokasi di bawah permukaan laut hingga ke dataran tinggi (butte) dimana reruntuhan benteng kuno suku Yahudi dapat disaksikan. Cara lain untuk sampai ke dataran tinggi tersebut adalah melalui jalan yang mengular.
Kereta gantung Rosh Hanikra membawa turis ke goa yang terkikis oleh Laut Mediterania
Kereta gantung Stella Maris di Haifa mengangkut penumpang dari pantai Mediterania ke puncak Gunung Carmel
Kereta gantung Manara mengangkut penumpang dari Kiryat Shmona ke Kibbutz Manara di puncak tebing terjal Manara.

Jepang

Kereta gantung Katsuragi, Nara. Panjangnya 1421m dengan kemiringan 30.5 derajat. Kapasitas 51 penumpang. Mengakut penumpang ke puncak Gunung Katsuragi sambil menikmati pemandangan 360 derajat kota Nara dan Osaka.

Malaysia

Kereta Gantung Genting Skyway, menghubungkan Gothong Jaya ke resor Genting Highlands di puncak bukit.
Kereta Gantung Awana, menghubungkan resor Awana Country Club, juga ke resor Genting Highlands.
Kereta Gantung Pulau Langkawi

Singapura

Kereta gantung Singapura [1] dari Gunung Faber ke Pulau Sentosa; menariknya, kereta gantung ini mempunyai perhentian di tengah-tengah, dan merupakan yang pertama di dunia yang melintasi pelabuhan.

Korea Selatan

Kereta gantung Namsan, Seoul.

Eropa

Perancis

The Téléphérique de l'Aiguille du Midi, opened in 1955, can carry 75 passengers in the first section and 65 passengers in the second section. It starts in Chamonix at the altitude of 1030 m to Plan de l'Aiguille at 2317 m for the first section. The second section arrives at the top of the Aiguille du Midi in a station at 3777 m high. It is the highest aerial tramway in the world.Description from the Compagnie du Mont Blanc site
The Vanoise Express, opened in December 2003 at a cost of €15 million, is a double decker tramway for 200 passengers in each car. It spans the Ponturin gorge at a height of 380 m (1250 feet) above the ground, linking the resorts of La Plagne and Les Arcs in four minutes to form the Paradiski ski resort. Unusually its two cars run independently of each other on separate cables. [2]

Jerman

The Eibsee Seilbahn, which affords visitors access to Germany's highest mountain, the Zugspitze. There is also a cog railway up the Zugspitze.
The Tegelbergbahn, or Tegelbahn, near Schwangau in Bavaria in beautiful Alpine scenery.
The Kölner Seilbahn, in Cologne, was installed in 1966 and crosses the Rhine going from the Zoo to the Rheinpark. This was the first tramway to cross a river in Europe.

Italia

Rittnerbahn in South Tyrol, the longest aerial tramway in the world in one track (see Guinness Book of World Records).

Norwegia

Fjellheisen in Tromsø. [3]
Krossobanen in Tinn is the oldest aerial tramway in Northern Europe. It was built in 1928.
Ulriksbanen on the mountain Ulriken in Bergen.

Spanyol

Teleférico Teide on Pico de Teide, Tenerife, Canary Islands.
Barcelona, in Catalonia. From Montjuïc park to the top, and across the harbour.
Montserrat, in Catalonia. There is also two funicular and a rack railway.
From Olesa de Montserrat railway station to Esparraguera, in Catalonia. Inauguration end of 2005.

Swedia

Kabinbanan in Åre is the only one in Sweden.

Switzerland

In Switzerland, many aerial tramways are in use, including:

the Adliswil to Felsenegg tramway, part of Zürich's suburban public transport system.
one serving the Schilthorn mountain in the Bernese Oberland. It appeared in the James Bond movie On Her Majesty's Secret Service. With a length of 6931 m (22,739 ft) in four tracks, it is the longest aerial tramway in the Alps and the world's longest aerial tramway system. It gains over 2103 m (6900 ft) of elevation.

A complete list of publicly available Swiss aerial tramways (excluding other types of aerial lifts), is available at list of aerial tramways in Switzerland.

Kerajaan Bersatu

Cable car from Matlock Bath in Derbyshire to Heights of Abraham

Amerika Utara

Kanada

Sulphur Mountain Gondola to the summit of Sulphur Mountain, near Banff, Alberta. (gondola)
Grouse Mountain in Vancouver, British Columbia, has two aerial tramways running parallel.
Jasper Tramway to the summit of The Whistlers, near Jasper, Alberta.
Spanish Aerocar over the Whirlpool Rapids in Niagara Falls, Ontario.

Amerika Serikat

Alyeska Ski Resort in Alaska
The Cannon Mountain Tram in Franconia, New Hampshire.
The tram at El Paso, Texas ascends the Franklin Mountains as part of the Texas State Park system.
Jay Peak ski resort in Jay, Vermont. Built in 1967 by Von Roll of Switzerland; the cabins (cars) were replaced in 2000.
The Palm Springs Aerial Tramway in Palm Springs, California, which transports passengers to the top of Mount San Jacinto.
The Roosevelt Island Tramway, Manhattan, New York, USA, is a tourist attraction as well as the only aerial tramway in North America directed mainly at commuters. Portland, Oregon is building the Portland Aerial Tram for commuting, as well.
The Sandia Peak Tramway in Albuquerque, New Mexico is the world's longest single span tramway.
The tram at Snowbird, Utah, another ski-and-summer resort near Salt Lake City.
At Squaw Valley ski resort, California, USA, the 'cable car' (aerial tramway) system takes skiers from the base to the mountain top.
The skylift at Stone Mountain, near Atlanta.
The tram at Teton Village, Wyoming has over 4000 feet of elevation gain.

Amerika Selatan

Brazil

A very famous aerial tramway is located at Rio de Janeiro. It is actually composed of two separate cable car systems, one going from city level to the top of the Morro de Urca (where there was formerly a famous casino), and a second one going from the hill to the top of the Sugarloaf Mountain.

Kolombia

In Bogotá, a tramway can be used for going from the city level (2962 m above sea level) to the top of the Hill of Monserrate (3152 m). It was built in 1955, and has two cabins each for 40 passengers. The 880 m traject is traveled in 7 minutes, with a magnificent view over the downtown of the City. On the top, there is a shrine in a church, a fine dining restaurant and smaller touristic attractions.
In the Parque Nacional del Café in Montenegro, department of Quindío, there is a touristic tramway hovering over the park.

Venezuela

The Mérida cable car has the distinction of being the highest in the world at 4765 m (15,633 ft), as well as being the longest aerial tram (7.77 miles). It spans the magnificent national park area called the Sierra Nevada and connects the city of Mérida with the surrounding heights.
Ávila Cable Car, in Caracas, built in 1957 and rebuilt in the early 1990s and reinaugurated in 2000, is one of the most moderns in the word. The cable car ascends 1000 m (3280 ft) to 2100 m (6889 ft) in the Ávila Mágica Park and the Humbolt Hotel. The original cable car had a second line that connected to the city of La Guaira on the other side of Ávila Mountain; the cablecar administration is currently planning to rehabilitate that line.

Oceania

Australia

Kereta gantung pemandangan alam Katoomba.

Rekor

Menara penopang tertinggi: 113.6 meter (373 kaki) (Gletscherbahn Kaprun, Austria)
Terdalam: Masada cableway, Israel
Tertinggi: Mérida cable car, Venezuela
Terpanjang: Norsjö aerial tramway, Sweden
Sebagai transportasi masal: Kereta gantung pulau Roosevelt di Kota New York adalah kereta gantung pertama di Amerika Utara yang digunakan oleh para komuter sebagai transportasi masal. Penumpang membayar dengan kartu biaya perjalanan yang sama dengan yang digunakan pada kereta bawah tanah kota New York. Kereta gantung Portland di Portland, Oregon dibuka pada Januari 2007 dan menjadi sistem transportasi publik kedua di Amerika Utara.
Kereta gantung ouncak Sandia di Albuquerque, New Mexico adalah kereta gantung dengan jarak kabel antara tiang penopang terpanjang.
Kereta gantung Mount Roberts di Kota Juneau dan Borough, Alaska, melayani turis yang datang ke tempat tersebut dengan kapal pesiar dengan terminalnya yang berada di dok kapal. Pada ketinggian air laut, kereta gantung ini adalah yang terendah dari segi terminal.

Lihat juga

Pranala luar

Lift-Database: Areal Tramways (worldwide)
The Telpherage system in the repair sheds of the New York City subway