Kemiringan angin

Kemiringan angin atau gradien angin atau secara lebih spesifik kemiringan kecepatan angin^[1]^[2] atau pergeseran angin^[3] adalah tingginya kemiringan ke arah vertikal pada rata-rata kecepatan angin ke arah horisontal di bawah atmosfer.^[4] Kemiringan angin merupakan tingkat tingkat kenaikan kekuatan angin dengan unit peningkatan ketinggian di atas permukaan tanah.^[5]^[6] dalam satuan metrik. Kemiringan angin sering diukur dalam satuan meter per detik kecepatan, per kilometer ketinggian (m / s / km ), yang mengurangi unit standar kecepatan geser, (s⁻¹).

Referensi

^ Hadlock, Charles (1998). Mathematical Modeling in the Environment. Washington: Mathematical Association of America. ISBN 0-88385-709-X. Thus we have a “wind-speed gradient” as we move vertically, and this has a tendency to encourage mixing between the air at one level and the air at those levels immediately above and below it. line feed character di |quote= pada posisi 84 (bantuan)
^ Gorder, P.J. (1996). "Effect of wind gradient on the trajectory synthesis algorithms of the Center-TRACON Automation System (CTAS)". AIAA, Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference, San Diego, CA. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. ...the effect of a change in mean wind velocity with altitude, the wind velocity gradient...
^ Sachs, Gottfried (2005-01-10). "Minimum shear wind strength required for dynamic soaring of albatrosses". Ibis. British Ornithologists’ Union. 147 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.2004.00295.x. ...the shear wind gradient is rather weak....the energy gain...is due to a mechanism other than the wind gradient effect.
^ Oke, T. (1987). Boundary Layer Climates. London: Methuen. hlm. 54. ISBN 0-415-04319-0. Therefore the vertical gradient of mean wind speed (dū/dz) is greatest over smooth terrain, and least over rough surfaces.
^ Crocker, David (2000). Dictionary of Aeronautical English. New York: Routledge. hlm. 104. ISBN 1-57958-201-X. wind gradient = rate of increase of wind strength with unit increase in height above ground level;
^ Wizelius, Tore (2007). Developing Wind Power Projects. London: Earthscan Publications Ltd. hlm. 40. ISBN 1-84407-262-2. The relation between wind speed and height is called the wind profile or wind gradient.

[Hadlock-1] Hadlock, Charles (1998). Mathematical Modeling in the Environment. Washington: Mathematical Association of America. ISBN 0-88385-709-X. Thus we have a “wind-speed gradient” as we move vertically, and this has a tendency to encourage mixing between the air at one level and the air at those levels immediately above and below it. line feed character di |quote= pada posisi 84 (bantuan)

[Gorder1996-2] Gorder, P.J. (1996). "Effect of wind gradient on the trajectory synthesis algorithms of the Center-TRACON Automation System (CTAS)". AIAA, Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference, San Diego, CA. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. ...the effect of a change in mean wind velocity with altitude, the wind velocity gradient...

[3] Sachs, Gottfried (2005-01-10). "Minimum shear wind strength required for dynamic soaring of albatrosses". Ibis. British Ornithologists’ Union. 147 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.2004.00295.x. ...the shear wind gradient is rather weak....the energy gain...is due to a mechanism other than the wind gradient effect.

[Oke-4] Oke, T. (1987). Boundary Layer Climates. London: Methuen. hlm. 54. ISBN 0-415-04319-0. Therefore the vertical gradient of mean wind speed (dū/dz) is greatest over smooth terrain, and least over rough surfaces.

[5] Crocker, David (2000). Dictionary of Aeronautical English. New York: Routledge. hlm. 104. ISBN 1-57958-201-X. wind gradient = rate of increase of wind strength with unit increase in height above ground level;

[Wizelius-6] Wizelius, Tore (2007). Developing Wind Power Projects. London: Earthscan Publications Ltd. hlm. 40. ISBN 1-84407-262-2. The relation between wind speed and height is called the wind profile or wind gradient.

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