Develtos
Δεβελτός (dalam bahasa Yunani) | |
.jpg) Reruntuhan Develtos | |
  Lokasi di Bulgaria | |
| Lokasi | Debelt, Provinsi Burgas, Bulgaria |
|---|---|
| Wilayah | Trakia |
| Koordinat | 42°23′28.9″N 27°17′20.5″E / 42.391361°N 27.289028°E |
| Jenis | Permukiman |
Develtos (bahasa Yunani: Δεβελτός, Δηβελτός, Δεουελτòς, Δεούελτος, Διβηλτóς) atau Deultum [nb 1] adalah sebuah kota kuno dan keuskupan di Trakia. Terletak di muara sungai Sredetska di pantai barat danau Mandrensko, sebelumnya merupakan bagian dari teluk Burgas, dan dekat desa modern Debelt.
Eksplorasi arkeologi
Penggalian telah dilakukan sejak 1981 dengan gangguan sekitar pergantian abad. Struktur dari periode Romawi dan Bizantium telah dieksplorasi (thermae, kuil kultus kekaisaran, benteng). Sebuah museum yang didedikasikan untuk situs dibuka di sebelahnya pada tahun 2016. Pameran termasuk kepala perunggu Septimius Severus (dari patung yang rusak karena kebakaran).
Pada tahun 2020, para arkeolog menemukan sarkofagus dari abad kedua atau ketiga dengan tulisan Yunani yang membuktikan bahwa Develtos adalah kota pelabuhan.[1]
Referensi
Catatan
- ^ Juga Debeltos, Debeltus, Debeltum, Develtum, Develtus, Dibaltum, dan Deultum
Kutipan
Daftar pustaka
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Develtos.
- Birley, Eric (1981). The Fasti of Roman Britain. Clarendon Press.
- Birley, Eric (1986). "The Flavian Colony at Scupi". Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik. 64: 209–216. JSTOR 20186432.
- Boeft, Jan den; Drijvers, Jan Willem; Hengst, Daniël den; Teitler, Hans C. (2017). Philological and Historical Commentary on Ammianus Marcellinus XXXI. BRILL.
- Boer, Jan G. de (2002). "Apollonia Pontica and its emporia, ports of trade?". Pont-Euxin et Commerce: La Genèse de la "Route de la Soie". Presses Universitaires de Franche-Comté.
- Bredow, Iris von (2006). "Deultum". Brill's New Pauly.
- Browning, Robert (1991). "Develtos". Dalam Kazhdan, Alexander. The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-504652-8.
- Campbell, Brian (2006). The Roman Army, 31 BC - AD 337: A Sourcebook. Routledge.
- Connolly, Serena (2010). Lives behind the Laws: The World of the Codex Hermogenianus. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0253004123.
- Dikov, Ivan (15 August 2015). "Archaeologists Unearth Odd Early Byzantine Fortress Tower in Ancient Roman City Deultum in Bulgaria's Debelt". Archaeology in Bulgaria. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-11-19. Diakses tanggal 2022-01-08.
- DuBois, Michael S. (2015). Auxillae: A Compendium of Non-Legionary Units of the Roman Empire.
- Dumanov, Boyan (2015). "Thrace in Late Antiquity". A Companion to Ancient Thrace. John Wiley & Sons.
- Garland, Lynda (1999). Byzantine Empresses: Women and Power in Byzantium, AD 527–1204. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-14688-3.
- Hendy, Michael F. (1985). Studies in the Byzantine Monetary Economy c. 300–1450. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-24715-2.
- Hind, J. G. F. (1992). "Archaeology of the Greeks and Barbarian Peoples around the Black Sea (1982-1992)". Archaeological Reports. The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies. 39.
- Hupchick, Dennis P. (2017). The Bulgarian-Byzantine Wars for Early Medieval Balkan Hegemony: Silver-Lined Skulls and Blinded Armies. Springer.
- Janin, Raymond (1960). Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie Ecclésiastiques, ed. R. Aubert & E. Van Cauwenberch, vol. 14 (PDF).
- Madgearu, Alexandru (2013). Byzantine Military Organization on the Danube, 10th-12th Centuries. BRILL.
- Madgearu, Alexandru (2016). The Asanids: The Political and Military History of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1280). BRILL.
- Ostrogorsky, George (1959). "Byzantine Cities in the Early Middle Ages". Dumbarton Oaks Papers. Dumbarton Oaks. 13: 45–66. doi:10.2307/1291128. JSTOR 1291128.
- McCormick, Michael (2001). Origins of the European Economy: Communications and Commerce AD 300-900. Cambridge University Press.
- Peachin, Michael (1991). "Philip's Progress: From Mesopotamia to Rome in A.D. 244". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 40 (3): 331–342. JSTOR 4436200.
- Richmond, I. A. (1945). "The Sarmatae, Bremetennacvm Veteranorvm and the Regio Bremetennacensis". The Journal of Roman Studies. 35: 15–29. doi:10.2307/297275. JSTOR 297275.
- Runciman, Steven (1988) [1929]. The Emperor Romanus Lecapenus and His Reign: A Study of Tenth-Century Byzantium. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-35722-5.
- Ruscu, Ligia Cristina (2007). "On Nicopolis ad Istrum and her Territory". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. Franz Steiner Verlag. 56 (2): 214–229. JSTOR 25598389.
- Sayles, Wayne G. (1998). Ancient Coin Collecting IV: Roman Provincial Coins. Krause Publications.
- Sophoulis, Panos (2011). Byzantium and Bulgaria, 775-831. BRILL.
- Tabbernee, William (1 October 2007). Fake Prophecy and Polluted Sacraments: Ecclesiastical and Imperial Reactions to Montanism. BRILL. doi:10.1163/ej.9789004158191.i-485. ISBN 9789047421313.
- Wolfram, Herwig (1990). History of the Goths. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520069831.