Skara Brae
Skara Brae /ˈskærə ˈbreɪ/ adalah pemukiman Neolitikum yang dibangun dari batu, terletak di Teluk Skaill di pantai barat Daratan, pulau terbesar di kepulauan Orkney, Skotlandia. Terdiri dari sepuluh rumah bergerombol, terbuat dari batu ubin besar, di bendungan tanah yang menopang dinding; rumah-rumah itu termasuk tungku api batu, tempat tidur, dan lemari.[1] Sistem saluran pembuangan primitif, dengan "toilet" dan saluran air di setiap rumah, membawa limbah ke laut.[2][3] (Air digunakan untuk membuang sampah ke saluran pembuangan.)[4]
Situs ini dihuni dari sekitar 3180 SM hingga sekitar 2500 SM dan merupakan desa Neolitik terlengkap di Eropa. Skara Brae memperoleh status Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO sebagai salah satu dari empat situs yang membentuk "Jantung Orkney Neolitik".a Lebih tua dari Stonehenge dan Kompleks piramida Giza, telah disebut "Pompeii Skotlandia" karena pelestariannya yang sangat baik.[5]
Catatan
^a Ini adalah salah satu dari empat Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO di Skotlandia, yang lainnya adalah Kota Tua dan Kota Baru Edinburgh; New Lanark di South Lanarkshire; dan St Kilda di Kepulauan Barat
Referensi
- ^ "Before Stonehenge". National Geographic. 1 August 2014. Diakses tanggal 13 February 2021.
ten stone structures, The village had a drainage system and even indoor toilets.
- ^ "Skara Brae Sandwick, Scotland". Atlas Obscura. 20 January 2018. Diakses tanggal 13 February 2021.
Amazing and mysterious Neolithic settlement on Scotland's Orkney Islands
- ^ "Skara Brae". World History Encyclopedia. 18 October 2012. Diakses tanggal 13 February 2021.
ten stone structures, The village had a drainage system and even indoor toilets.
- ^ "Scotland and the indoor toilet". BBC News. 19 October 2013. Diakses tanggal 13 February 2021.
According to Allan Burnett, historian and author of Invented In Scotland, the Neolithic settlement of Skara Brae in Orkney in fact boasted the world's first indoor toilet.
- ^ Hawkes 1986, hlm. 262
Daftar pustaka
- Beck, Roger B.; Black, Linda; Krieger, Larry S.; Naylor, Phillip C.; Shabaka, Dahia Ibo (1999). World History: Patterns of Interaction
. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell. ISBN 0-395-87274-X. - Bramwell, Peter (2009). Pagan Themes in Modern Children's Fiction: Green Man, Shamanism, Earth Mysteries. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-21839-0.
- Bryson, Bill (2010). At home : a short history of private life. London; New York: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-60827-5.
- Buckland, Paul C.; Sadler, Jon P. (2003). "Insects". Dalam Edwards, Kevin J.; Ralston, Ian B.M. Scotland After the Ice Age: Environment, Archaeology and History, 8000 BC – AD 1000. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-1736-1.
- Burl, Aubrey (1976). The Stone Circles of the British Isles. London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-01972-6.
- Burl, Aubrey (1979). Prehistoric Avebury. London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-02368-5.
- Castleden, Rodney (1987). The Stonehenge People. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. ISBN 0-7102-0968-1.
- Childe, V. Gordon (1931). Skara Brae, a Pictish Village in Orkney. meeting held in London: monograph of the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland.
- Childe, V. Gordon; Simpson, W. Douglas (1952). Illustrated History of Ancient Monuments: Vol. VI Scotland. Edinburgh: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
- Childe, V. Gordon; Clarke, D. V. (1983). Skara Brae. Edinburgh: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. ISBN 0-11-491755-8.
- Clarke, D.V.; Sharples, Niall (1985). Settlements and Subsistence in the Third Millennium BC, in: Renfrew, Colin (Ed.) The Prehistory of Orkney BC 4000–1000 AD. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-85224-456-8.
- Darvill, Timothy (1987). Prehistoric Britain. London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-03951-4.
- Fenton, Alexander (1978). Northern Isles: Orkney and Shetland. John Donald Publishers Ltd. ISBN 0-85976-019-7.
- Fidler, Kathleen (2005). The Boy with the Bronze Axe. Edinburgh: Floris Books. ISBN 978-0-86315-488-1.
- Hadingham, Evan (1975). Circles and Standing Stones: An Illustrated Exploration of the Megalith Mysteries of Early Britain. New York: Walker and Company. ISBN 0-8027-0463-8.
- Hawkes, Jacquetta (1986). The Shell Guide to British Archaeology. London: Michael Joseph. ISBN 0-7181-2448-0.
- Hedges, John W. (1984). Tomb of the Eagles: Death and Life in a Stone Age Tribe. New York: New Amsterdam. ISBN 0-941533-05-0.
- Keatinge, T.H.; Dickson, J.H. (1979). "Mid Flandrian Changes in Vegetation in Mainland Orkney". New Phytol. 82 (2): 585–612. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1979.tb02684.x
. - Laing, Lloyd (1974). Orkney and Shetland: An Archaeological Guide. Newton Abbott: David and Charles Ltd. ISBN 0-7153-6305-0.
- Laing, Lloyd & Jennifer (1982). The Origins of Britain. London: Paladin. ISBN 0-586-08370-7.
- MacKie, Euan (1977). Science and Society in Prehistoric Britain. London: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-312-70245-0.
- Piggott, Stuart (1954). Neolithic Cultures of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-07781-8.
- Ritchie, Graham & Anna (1981). Scotland: Archaeology and Early History. New York: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0-500-27365-0.
- Ritchie, Anna (1995). Prehistoric Orkney. London: B.T. Batsford Ltd. ISBN 0-7134-7593-5.
Pranala luar
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Skara Brae.
- "Historic Scotland: Skara Brae Prehistoric Village". Diakses tanggal 3 November 2011.
- "Orkneyjar : Skara Brae : The discovery of the village". Diakses tanggal 3 November 2011.
- "Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland : Site Record for Skara Brae". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-05-04. Diakses tanggal 3 November 2011.
- Skaill House, Bay of Skaill, home of excavator William Watt