Mengibarkan bendera

Mengibarkan bendera adalah bentuk argumen kesesatan atau teknik propaganda yang digunakan untuk membenarkan suatu tindakan didasari keterikatan berlebihan kepada nasionalisme dan patriotisme, atau keuntungan bagi suatu gagasan, kelompok, atau negara.^[1] Hal ini merupakan salah satu variasi dari Argumentum ad populum (menanyakan pendapat kepada rakyat).^[2] Pikiran keliru mengibarkan bendera ini lebih menunjukkan emosi daripada logika sebab bertujuan memanipulasi dalam rangka memenangkan argumen.^[3] Seluruh kekeliruan pemikiran Argumentum ad populum didasari memiliki keyakinan, bias, dan prasangka tertentu mengenai isu tersebut.^[4]^[5]

Mengibarkan bendera biasa berdasarkan keterikatan terhadap nasionalisme atau patriotisme. Namun pemikiran ini juga bisa didasari sebagai seruan untuk menggerakkan suatu simbol, bukan simbol nasionalisme saja, tetapi juga simbol agama atau budaya tertentu.^[6] Misalnya, tatkala seorang politikus muncul di televisi bersama anak-anak, petani atau buruh, dan sejenisnya.

Tindakan mengibarkan bendera adalah bentuk dukungan atau kesetiaan yang tidak berbobot, misalnya kepada suatu bangsa atau partai politik.

Referensi

^ Spinning Coverage: An Analysis of The New York Times' Reporting on the War in Iraq in Light of the U.S. Administration's Spin and Propaganda Efforts (dalam bahasa Inggris). GRIN Verlag. 2011-11-07. hlm. 33. ISBN 978-3-656-04831-2. Diakses tanggal 2023-09-04. Flag-waving is a popular propaganda technique, meaning that an action is justified "on the grounds that doing [what is promoted, in this case support the war] will make one more patriotic, or in some way benefit a group, country, or idea.
^ Arguments and Metaphors in Philosophy. University Press of America. 2004-01-01. hlm. 59. ISBN 978-0-7618-2677-4. Diakses tanggal 2023-09-04. ..ad Hominen ridicule, ad Misehcordiam tears, or ad Populum flag-waving - all logical fallacies...
^ "Kesesatan Berpikir: Pengertian, Jenis, Contoh, dan Cara Menghindarinya". Kompas. 2022-03-23. Diakses tanggal 2023-09-04. ... penyebab kesesatan berpikir yaitu pemaksaan prinsip logika tanpa memerhatikan relevansinya. Seseorang akan cenderung melemahkan argumen dengan mendistorsi, menarik kesimpulan yang salah, serta menyalahgunakan bukti atau bahasa.
^ Developing Arguments: Strategies For Reaching Audiences. Wadsworth Pub. Co. 1990-02. hlm. 284. ISBN 9780534121921. Diakses tanggal 2023-09-04. The ad populum argument presumes that the audience already holds a particular attitude and specific beliefs on the issue.
^ Relevance in Argumentation. Taylor & Francis. 2003-10-17. hlm. 102. ISBN 978-1-1356-1896-4. Diakses tanggal 2023-09-06. Another case in point is the argumentum ad populum. Political speeches are often used to illustrate this fallacy. Copi and Cohen (1990, p. 103) write that the ad populum is the device used to appeal to "patriotic frenzy" by propagandist and demagogues, even citing the speeches of Hitler as the classic sample.
^ Law and Social Norms. Harvard University Press. 07-2009. hlm. 117. ISBN 978-0-674-04230-8. Diakses tanggal 2023-09-06. But notice that over time people will realize that some flag waver must be bad types, and that flag waving is not a reliable signal of patriotism. Instead, flag waving becomes a hollow ritual, and this may drive good types over time to abandon this signal and the norm entrepreneur to create new one. This is an example of symbol transformation.

[1] Spinning Coverage: An Analysis of The New York Times' Reporting on the War in Iraq in Light of the U.S. Administration's Spin and Propaganda Efforts (dalam bahasa Inggris). GRIN Verlag. 2011-11-07. hlm. 33. ISBN 978-3-656-04831-2. Diakses tanggal 2023-09-04. Flag-waving is a popular propaganda technique, meaning that an action is justified "on the grounds that doing [what is promoted, in this case support the war] will make one more patriotic, or in some way benefit a group, country, or idea.

[2] Arguments and Metaphors in Philosophy. University Press of America. 2004-01-01. hlm. 59. ISBN 978-0-7618-2677-4. Diakses tanggal 2023-09-04. ..ad Hominen ridicule, ad Misehcordiam tears, or ad Populum flag-waving - all logical fallacies...

[3] "Kesesatan Berpikir: Pengertian, Jenis, Contoh, dan Cara Menghindarinya". Kompas. 2022-03-23. Diakses tanggal 2023-09-04. ... penyebab kesesatan berpikir yaitu pemaksaan prinsip logika tanpa memerhatikan relevansinya. Seseorang akan cenderung melemahkan argumen dengan mendistorsi, menarik kesimpulan yang salah, serta menyalahgunakan bukti atau bahasa.

[4] Developing Arguments: Strategies For Reaching Audiences. Wadsworth Pub. Co. 1990-02. hlm. 284. ISBN 9780534121921. Diakses tanggal 2023-09-04. The ad populum argument presumes that the audience already holds a particular attitude and specific beliefs on the issue.

[5] Relevance in Argumentation. Taylor & Francis. 2003-10-17. hlm. 102. ISBN 978-1-1356-1896-4. Diakses tanggal 2023-09-06. Another case in point is the argumentum ad populum. Political speeches are often used to illustrate this fallacy. Copi and Cohen (1990, p. 103) write that the ad populum is the device used to appeal to "patriotic frenzy" by propagandist and demagogues, even citing the speeches of Hitler as the classic sample.

[6] Law and Social Norms. Harvard University Press. 07-2009. hlm. 117. ISBN 978-0-674-04230-8. Diakses tanggal 2023-09-06. But notice that over time people will realize that some flag waver must be bad types, and that flag waving is not a reliable signal of patriotism. Instead, flag waving becomes a hollow ritual, and this may drive good types over time to abandon this signal and the norm entrepreneur to create new one. This is an example of symbol transformation.

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