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{{Taxobox
{{Taxobox
| color = pink
|color =
| name = Equids
|name = Keluarga Kuda
| image = 00296 zebra.jpg
| image = {{Multiple image
| perrow = 1/2/
| image_width = 250px
| total_width = 275
| image_caption = [[Plains Zebra]]s
| image1 = Reitpferde auf einer Weide4.jpg
| regnum = [[Hewan|Animalia]]
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| caption1 = [[Kuda]]
| image2 = Zebra Botswana edit02.jpg
| classis = [[Mammal]]ia
| ordo = [[Perissodactyla]]
| caption2 = [[Zebra]]
| image3 = Donkey in Clovelly, North Devon, England.jpg
| familia = '''Equidae'''
| caption3 = [[Keledai]]
| familia_authority = [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1821
| border = infobox
| genus = '''''Equus'''''
}}
| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758
|regnum = [[Animalia]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
|phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| subdivision =
|classis = [[Mammal]]ia
''E. asinus'' - [[Donkey]]{{br}}
|ordo = [[Perissodactyla]]
''E. africanus'' - [[African Wild Ass]]{{br}}
|familia = '''Equidae'''
''E. caballus'' - [[Horse|Domestic Horse]]{{br}}
|familia_authority = [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1821
''E. ferus'' - [[Wild Horse]]{{br}}
|subdivision_ranks = Subfamili
''E. grevyi'' - [[Grevy's Zebra]]{{br}}
|subdivision = Lihat teks
''E. hemionus'' - [[Onager]]{{br}}
''E. kiang'' - [[Kiang]]{{br}}
''E. quagga'' - [[Plains Zebra]]{{br}}
''E. zebra'' - [[Mountain Zebra|Cape Mountain Zebra]]{{br}}
''E. hartmannae'' - [[Mountain Zebra|Hartmann's Mountain Zebra]]
}}
}}


'''Equidae''' adalah famili binatang seperti kuda yang masuk kedalam ordo [[Perissodactyla]]. Famili ini kadang-kadang disebut sebagai '''famili kuda'''. Contoh hewan yang masuk kedalam genus ini adalah [[keledai]], [[zebra]] [[onager]]. Tiga hewan itu masuk kedalam [[genus]] '''''Equus'''''.
'''Equidae''' adalah [[famili]] binatang yang termasuk ke dalam ordo [[Perissodactyla]]. Famili ini kadang-kadang disebut sebagai '''Keluarga Kuda'''. Beberapa hewan yang masuk dalam genus ini adalah [[Kuda]], [[keledai]], [[zebra]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Parker|first=Sybil, P|date=1984|title=McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Biology|publisher=McGraw-Hill Company|pages=124|url-status=live}}</ref>, dan [[onager]]. Tiga hewan itu masuk ke dalam [[genus]] ''Equus''.

== Daftar Subfamili Beserta Genusnya ==

=== Subfamili [[Eohippinae]] (Punah) ===
*** Genus ''[[Epihippus]]'' (Punah)
*** Genus ''[[Haplohippus]]'' (Punah)
*** Genus ''[[Eohippus]]'' (Punah)
*** Genus ''[[Minippus]]'' (Punah) <ref name=Froehlich2002>{{cite journal |last1= Froehlich|first1= D.J. |date= February 2002 |title= Quo vadis eohippus? The systematics and taxonomy of the early Eocene equids (Perissodactyla) |journal= Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume= 134 |issue= 2 |pages= 141–256 |doi= 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00005.x|doi-access= free }}</ref>
=== Subfamili [[Propalaeotheriinae]] (Punah) ===
*** Genus ''[[Orohippus]]'' (Punah)
*** Genus ''[[Pliolophus]]'' (Punah)
*** Genus ''[[Protorohippus]]'' (Punah)
*** Genus ''[[Sifrhippus]]'' (Punah)
*** Genus ''[[Xenicohippus]]'' (Punah) <ref name=Froehlich2002/>
*** Genus ''[[Eurohippus]]'' (Punah)
*** Genus ''[[Propalaeotherium]]''? (Punah) <ref>{{cite journal|last1=Remy|first1=Jean A.|last2=Krasovec|first2=Gabriel|last3=Marandat|first3=Bernard|year=2016|title=A new species of Propalaeotherium (Palaeotheriidae, Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from the Middle Eocene locality of Aumelas (Hérault, France)|journal=Palaeovertebrata|volume=40|issue=2|pages=e1 |doi=10.18563/pv.40.2.e1}}</ref>
=== Subfamili [[Anchitheriinae]] (Punah) ===
*** Genus ''[[Anchitherium]]'' (Punah)
*** Genus ''[[Archaeohippus]]'' (Punah)
*** Genus ''[[Desmatippus]]'' (Punah)
*** Genus ''[[Hypohippus]]'' (Punah)
*** Genus ''[[Kalobatippus]]'' (Punah)
*** Genus ''[[Megahippus]]'' (Punah)
*** Genus ''[[Mesohippus]]'' (Punah)
*** Genus ''[[Miohippus]]'' (Punah)
*** Genus ''[[Parahippus]]'' (Punah)
*** Genus ''[[Sinohippus]]'' (Punah)
=== Subfamili [[Equinae]] ===
*** Genus ''[[Merychippus]]'' (Punah)
*** Genus ''[[Scaphohippus]]'' (Punah)
*** Genus ''[[Acritohippus]]'' (Punah)
* Tribus [[Hipparionini]] (Punah)
*** Genus ''[[Eurygnathohippus]]'' (Punah)
*** Genus ''[[Hipparion]]'' (Punah)
*** Genus ''[[Hippotherium]]'' (Punah)
*** Genus ''[[Nannippus]]'' (Punah)
*** Genus ''[[Neohipparion]]'' (Punah)
*** Genus ''[[Proboscidipparion]]'' (Punah)
*** Genus ''[[Pseudhipparion]]'' (Punah)
* Tribus [[Equini]]
*** Genus ''[[Haringtonhippus]]''
(Punah)<ref>Hay, Oliver P. (1915). "Contributions to the Knowledge of the Mammals of the Pleistocene of North America". Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 48 (2086): 535–549. {{doi|10.5479/si.00963801.48-2086.515}}</ref>
*** Genus ''[[Heteropliohippus]]'' (Punah)<ref name=Bravo2010>{{cite journal |last1= Bravo-Cuevas |first1= V.M. |last2= Ferrusquía-Villafranca |first2= I. |date= 2010 |title= The oldest record of Equini (Mammalia: Equidae) from Mexico |url= https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/572/57219891015.pdf |journal= Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas |volume= 27 |issue= 3 |pages= 593–603 |access-date= 14 August 2020}}</ref>
*** Genus ''[[Parapliohippus]]''
(Punah) <ref name=Bravo2010/>
** Subtribus [[Protohippina]]
*** Genus ''[[Calippus (genus)|Calippus]]'' (Punah)
*** Genus ''[[Protohippus]]'' (Punah)
** Subtribus [[Equina]]
*** Genus ''[[Astrohippus]]'' (Punah)
*** Genus ''[[Dinohippus]]'' (Punah)
*** Genus ''[[Equus (genus)|Equus]]'' (22 species, 7 [[Extant taxon|extant]])
***** ''[[Equus ferus]]''
****** ''[[Kuda|Equus ferus caballus]]''
****** ''[[Equus ferus ferus]]'' (Punah)
****** ''[[Equus ferus przewalskii]]''
***** ''[[Equus algericus]]''(Punah)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Aouraghe |first=Hassan |display-authors=etal |date=1999 |title=Les équidés du Pléstocène supérior de la grotte Zouhrah à El Harhoura, Maroc |language=fr |journal=Quaternaire |volume=10 |pages=283–292 |doi=10.3406/quate.1999.1649 }}</ref>
***** ''[[Equus alaskae]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus lambei]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus niobrarensis]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus scotti]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus conversidens]]'' (Punah)
*****''[[Equus semiplicatus]]'' (Punah)
**** Subgenus ''[[Amerhippus]]'' (this subgenus and its species are possibly synonymous with ''E. ferus'')(Punah) <ref name = "AncientDNA">{{cite journal |last=Orlando |first=L. |year=2008 |title=Ancient DNA Clarifies the Evolutionary History of American Late Pleistocene Equids |journal=[[Journal of Molecular Evolution]] |volume=66 |issue=5 |pages=533–538 |doi=10.1007/s00239-008-9100-x |pmid=18398561 |display-authors=etal |bibcode=2008JMolE..66..533O|s2cid=19069554 }}</ref>
***** ''[[Equus andium]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus neogeus]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus insulatus]]'' (Punah)
**** Subgenus ''[[Asinus]]''
***** ''[[Equus africanus]]''
****** ''[[Equus africanus africanus]]''
****** ''[[Equus africanus asinus]]''
****** ''[[Equus africanus atlanticus]]'' (Punah)
****** ''[[Equus africanus somalicus]]''
***** ''[[Onager|Equus hemionus]]''
****** ''[[Equus hemionus hemionus]]''
****** ''[[Equus hemionus hemippus]]'' (Punah)
****** ''[[Equus hemionus khur]]''
****** ''[[Equus hemionus kulan]]''
****** ''[[Equus hemionus onager]]''
***** ''[[Equus kiang]]''
****** ''[[Equus kiang chu]]''
****** ''[[Equus kiang kiang]]''
****** ''[[Equus kiang holdereri]]''
****** ''[[Equus kiang polyodon]]''
***** ''[[Equus hydruntinus]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus altidens]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus tabeti]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus melkiensis]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus graziosii]]'' (Punah)
**** Subgenus ''[[Hippotigris]]''{{efn|Although the plains and mountain zebras have been placed in ''Hippotigris'' and Grévy's zebra in ''Dolichohippus'', Vilstrup ''et al.'' (2013) finds that the plains zebra and Grévy's zebra are more closely related.<ref name=Vilstrup>{{cite journal |last=Vilstrup |first=Julia T. |year=2013 |title=Mitochondrial Phylogenomics of Modern and Ancient Equids |journal=[[PLOS ONE]] |volume=8 |issue=2 |page=e55950 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0055950 |display-authors=etal |pmid=23437078 |pmc=3577844 |bibcode=2013PLoSO...855950V|doi-access=free }}</ref> Groves and Bell (2004) place all three species in the subgenus ''Hippotigris''.<ref name="GrovesBell2004">{{cite journal |last1=Groves |first1=C. P. |last2=Bell |first2=C. H. |year=2004 |title=New investigations on the taxonomy of the zebras genus ''Equus'', subgenus ''Hippotigris'' |journal=[[Mammalian Biology]] |volume=69 |issue=3 |pages=182–196 |doi=10.1078/1616-5047-00133}}</ref>}}
***** ''[[Equus grevyi]]''
***** ''[[Equus koobiforensis]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus oldowayensis]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus quagga]]''
****** ''[[Equus quagga boehmi]]''
****** ''[[Equus quagga borensis]]''
****** ''[[Equus quagga burchellii]]''
****** ''[[Equus quagga chapmani]]''
****** ''[[Equus quagga crawshayi]]''
****** ''[[Equus quagga quagga]]'' (Punah)
****** ''[[Equus quagga selousi]]''
***** ''[[Equus zebra]]''
****** ''[[Equus zebra hartmannae]]''
****** ''[[Equus zebra zebra]]''
***** ''[[Equus capensis]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus mauritanicus]]'' (Punah)
**** Subgenus ''[[Parastylidequus]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus parastylidens]]'' (Punah)
**** Subgenus ''[[Sussemionus]]'' (Punah) <ref>{{cite journal |last1= Eisenmann |first1= Vera |date= March 2010 |title= ''Sussemionus'', a new subgenus of ''Equus'' (Perissodactyla, Mammalia)|journal= Comptes Rendus Biologies |volume= 333|issue= 3|pages= 235–240|doi= 10.1016/j.crvi.2009.12.013|pmid= 20338542 }}</ref>
***** ''[[Equus ovodovi]]''(Punah)<ref>{{cite journal |last1= Eisenmann |first1= Vera |last2= Vasilijiev |first2= Sergej|date= September 2011 |title= Unexpected finding of a new ''Equus'' species (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) belonging to a supposedly extinct subgenus in late Pleistocene deposits of Khakassia (Southwestern Siberia) |journal= Geodiversitas |volume= 33|issue= 3|pages= 519–530|doi= 10.5252/g2011n3a5|s2cid= 128625427 |url= https://zenodo.org/record/5373568 }}</ref>
**** ''[[Incertae sedis|Penempatan tidak pasti]]'' :
***** ''[[Equus simplicidens]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus cumminsii]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus livenzovensis]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus sanmeniensis]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus teilhardi]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus numidicus]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus plicidens]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus cedralensis]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus stenonis]]'' (Punah)
****** ''[[Equus stenonis guthi]]'' (Punah)
****** ''[[Equus stenonis senezensis]]'' (Punah)
****** ''[[Equus stenonis pamirensis]]'' (''[[Hippotigris pamirensis]]'') (Punah)
****** ''[[Equus stenonis petraloniensis]]'' (Punah)
****** ''[[Equus stenonis vireti]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus sivalensis]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus stehlini]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus sussenbornensis]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus verae]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus namadicus]]'' (Punah)
**** subgenus ''[[Allozebra]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus occidentalis]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus excelsus]]'' (Punah)
**** subgenus ''[[Hesperohippus]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus pacificus]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus mexicanus]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus complicatus]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus fraternus]]'' (Punah)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=46271|title=Fossilworks: Equus fraternus|website=fossilworks.org|access-date=17 December 2021}}</ref>
***** ''[[Equus major]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus giganteus]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus pectinatus]]'' (Punah)
***** ''[[Equus crenidens]]'' (Punah)
*** Genus ''[[Hippidion]]'' (Punah)
*** Genus ''[[Onohippidium]]'' (Punah)
*** Genus ''[[Pliohippus]]'' (Punah)


== Daftar pustaka ==
== Daftar pustaka ==
* Burke, et al. 2003. The systematic position of ''Equus hydruntinus'', an extinct species of Pleistocene equid. Quaternary Research 59(3):459-469.
* Burke, et al. 2003. The systematic position of ''Equus hydruntinus'', an extinct species of Pleistocene equid. Quaternary Research 59(3):459-469.
* Duncan, P. (ed.). 1992. Zebras, Asses, and Horses: an Action Plan for the Conservation of Wild Equids. IUCN/SSC Equid Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
* Duncan, P. (ed.). 1992. Zebras, Asses, and Horses: an Action Plan for the Conservation of Wild Equids. IUCN/SSC Equid Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
* Equid Specialist Group 1996. ''Equus ferus''. In: IUCN 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on [[21 January]] [[2006]].
* Equid Specialist Group 1996. ''Equus ferus''. In: IUCN 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.<www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on [[21 January]] [[2006]].
* Equid Specialist Group 1996. ''Equus ferus ssp. przewalskii''. In: IUCN 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on [[21 January]] [[2006]].
* Equid Specialist Group 1996. ''Equus ferus ssp. przewalskii''. In: IUCN 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.<www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on [[21 January]] [[2006]].
* Groves, C.P. & Bell, H.B. 2004. New investigations on the taxonomy of the zebras genus ''Equus'', subgenus ''Hippotigris''. Mammalian Biology. 69: 182-196.
* Groves, C.P. & Bell, H.B. 2004. New investigations on the taxonomy of the zebras genus ''Equus'', subgenus ''Hippotigris''. Mammalian Biology. 69: 182-196.
* Higuchi et al. 1987. Mitochondrial DNA of the Extinct Quagga: Relatedness and Extent of Postmortem Change. Journal of Molecular Evolution 25:283-287.
* Higuchi et al. 1987. Mitochondrial DNA of the Extinct Quagga: Relatedness and Extent of Postmortem Change. Journal of Molecular Evolution 25:283-287.
* International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 2003. Opinion 2027 (Case 3010). Usage of 17 specific names based on wild species which are pre-dated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals (Lepidoptera, Osteichthyes, Mammalia): conserved. Bull.Zool.Nomencl., 60:81-84.
* International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 2003. Opinion 2027 (Case 3010). Usage of 17 specific names based on wild species which are pre-dated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals (Lepidoptera, Osteichthyes, Mammalia): conserved. Bull.Zool.Nomencl., 60:81-84.
* Moehlman, P.D. 2002. Equids. Zebras, Assess and Horses. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Equid Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. (http://www.iucn.org/themes/ssc/publications/actionplans.htm#Equids2002)
* Moehlman, P.D. 2002. Equids. Zebras, Assess and Horses. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Equid Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. (http://www.iucn.org/themes/ssc/publications/actionplans.htm#Equids2002 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071215093850/http://www.iucn.org/THEMES/SSC/publications/actionplans.htm#Equids2002 |date=2007-12-15 }})
* Orlando, et al. 2006. Geographic distribution of an extinct equid (''Equus hydruntinus'' : Mammalia, Equidae) revealed by morphological and genetical analyses of fossils. Molecular Ecology 15(8):2083-2093.
* Orlando, et al. 2006. Geographic distribution of an extinct equid (''Equus hydruntinus'': Mammalia, Equidae) revealed by morphological and genetical analyses of fossils. Molecular Ecology 15(8):2083-2093.


{{Taxonbar|from=Q165115}}
{{hewan-stub}}


[[Kategori:Equidae| ]]
[[Kategori:Hewan berkuku ganjil]]
[[Kategori:Hewan berkuku ganjil]]
[[Kategori:Perissodactyla]]


{{Link FA|hr}}
{{hewan-stub}}


== Referensi ==
[[an:Equidae]]
<references />
[[bg:Коне]]
[[ca:Èquid]]
[[cs:Koňovití]]
[[da:Hestefamilien]]
[[el:Ιππίδες]]
[[en:Equidae]]
[[eo:Ekvedoj]]
[[es:Equidae]]
[[et:Hobuslased]]
[[eu:Equidae]]
[[fa:اسبیان]]
[[fi:Hevoseläimet]]
[[fr:Equidae]]
[[gl:Équidos]]
[[he:סוסיים]]
[[hi:अश्ववंश]]
[[hr:Konji]]
[[hu:Lófélék]]
[[ja:ウマ科]]
[[ko:말속]]
[[la:Equidae]]
[[lb:Päerd]]
[[li:Peerdechtege]]
[[lij:Equidae]]
[[ln:Mpúnda]]
[[lt:Arkliai]]
[[lv:Zirgi]]
[[nl:Paardachtigen]]
[[no:Hester]]
[[nv:Łį́į́ʼ Ndahalinígíí]]
[[oc:Equidae]]
[[pl:Koniowate]]
[[pt:Equidae]]
[[ro:Equidae]]
[[ru:Лошадиные]]
[[simple:Equidae]]
[[sr:Коњи]]
[[sv:Hästdjur]]
[[ta:குதிரைக் குடும்பம்]]
[[th:Equidae]]
[[tr:Atgiller]]
[[uk:Коневі]]
[[vi:Họ Ngựa]]
[[zh:马科]]
[[zh-yue:馬科]]

Revisi terkini sejak 30 Januari 2024 11.31

Keluarga Kuda
Kuda
Zebra
Keledai
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Kerajaan:
Animalia
Filum:
Chordata
Kelas:
Mammalia
Ordo:
Perissodactyla
Famili:
Equidae

Gray, 1821
Subfamili

Lihat teks

Equidae adalah famili binatang yang termasuk ke dalam ordo Perissodactyla. Famili ini kadang-kadang disebut sebagai Keluarga Kuda. Beberapa hewan yang masuk dalam genus ini adalah Kuda, keledai, zebra[1], dan onager. Tiga hewan itu masuk ke dalam genus Equus.

Daftar Subfamili Beserta Genusnya[sunting | sunting sumber]

Subfamili Eohippinae (Punah)[sunting | sunting sumber]

Subfamili Propalaeotheriinae (Punah)[sunting | sunting sumber]

Subfamili Anchitheriinae (Punah)[sunting | sunting sumber]

Subfamili Equinae[sunting | sunting sumber]

(Punah)[4]

(Punah) [5]

Daftar pustaka[sunting | sunting sumber]

  • Burke, et al. 2003. The systematic position of Equus hydruntinus, an extinct species of Pleistocene equid. Quaternary Research 59(3):459-469.
  • Duncan, P. (ed.). 1992. Zebras, Asses, and Horses: an Action Plan for the Conservation of Wild Equids. IUCN/SSC Equid Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
  • Equid Specialist Group 1996. Equus ferus. In: IUCN 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.<www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 21 January 2006.
  • Equid Specialist Group 1996. Equus ferus ssp. przewalskii. In: IUCN 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.<www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 21 January 2006.
  • Groves, C.P. & Bell, H.B. 2004. New investigations on the taxonomy of the zebras genus Equus, subgenus Hippotigris. Mammalian Biology. 69: 182-196.
  • Higuchi et al. 1987. Mitochondrial DNA of the Extinct Quagga: Relatedness and Extent of Postmortem Change. Journal of Molecular Evolution 25:283-287.
  • International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 2003. Opinion 2027 (Case 3010). Usage of 17 specific names based on wild species which are pre-dated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals (Lepidoptera, Osteichthyes, Mammalia): conserved. Bull.Zool.Nomencl., 60:81-84.
  • Moehlman, P.D. 2002. Equids. Zebras, Assess and Horses. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Equid Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. (http://www.iucn.org/themes/ssc/publications/actionplans.htm#Equids2002 Diarsipkan 2007-12-15 di Wayback Machine.)
  • Orlando, et al. 2006. Geographic distribution of an extinct equid (Equus hydruntinus: Mammalia, Equidae) revealed by morphological and genetical analyses of fossils. Molecular Ecology 15(8):2083-2093.
Ikon rintisan

Artikel bertopik hewan ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.


Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

  1. ^ Parker, Sybil, P (1984). McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Biology. McGraw-Hill Company. hlm. 124. 
  2. ^ a b Froehlich, D.J. (February 2002). "Quo vadis eohippus? The systematics and taxonomy of the early Eocene equids (Perissodactyla)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 134 (2): 141–256. doi:10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00005.x alt=Dapat diakses gratis. 
  3. ^ Remy, Jean A.; Krasovec, Gabriel; Marandat, Bernard (2016). "A new species of Propalaeotherium (Palaeotheriidae, Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from the Middle Eocene locality of Aumelas (Hérault, France)". Palaeovertebrata. 40 (2): e1. doi:10.18563/pv.40.2.e1. 
  4. ^ Hay, Oliver P. (1915). "Contributions to the Knowledge of the Mammals of the Pleistocene of North America". Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 48 (2086): 535–549. DOI:10.5479/si.00963801.48-2086.515
  5. ^ a b Bravo-Cuevas, V.M.; Ferrusquía-Villafranca, I. (2010). "The oldest record of Equini (Mammalia: Equidae) from Mexico" (PDF). Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas. 27 (3): 593–603. Diakses tanggal 14 August 2020. 
  6. ^ Aouraghe, Hassan; et al. (1999). "Les équidés du Pléstocène supérior de la grotte Zouhrah à El Harhoura, Maroc". Quaternaire (dalam bahasa Prancis). 10: 283–292. doi:10.3406/quate.1999.1649. 
  7. ^ Orlando, L.; et al. (2008). "Ancient DNA Clarifies the Evolutionary History of American Late Pleistocene Equids". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 66 (5): 533–538. Bibcode:2008JMolE..66..533O. doi:10.1007/s00239-008-9100-x. PMID 18398561. 
  8. ^ Vilstrup, Julia T.; et al. (2013). "Mitochondrial Phylogenomics of Modern and Ancient Equids". PLOS ONE. 8 (2): e55950. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...855950V. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055950 alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMC 3577844 alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 23437078. 
  9. ^ Groves, C. P.; Bell, C. H. (2004). "New investigations on the taxonomy of the zebras genus Equus, subgenus Hippotigris". Mammalian Biology. 69 (3): 182–196. doi:10.1078/1616-5047-00133. 
  10. ^ Eisenmann, Vera (March 2010). "Sussemionus, a new subgenus of Equus (Perissodactyla, Mammalia)". Comptes Rendus Biologies. 333 (3): 235–240. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2009.12.013. PMID 20338542. 
  11. ^ Eisenmann, Vera; Vasilijiev, Sergej (September 2011). "Unexpected finding of a new Equus species (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) belonging to a supposedly extinct subgenus in late Pleistocene deposits of Khakassia (Southwestern Siberia)". Geodiversitas. 33 (3): 519–530. doi:10.5252/g2011n3a5. 
  12. ^ "Fossilworks: Equus fraternus". fossilworks.org. Diakses tanggal 17 December 2021. 


Kesalahan pengutipan: Ditemukan tag <ref> untuk kelompok bernama "lower-alpha", tapi tidak ditemukan tag <references group="lower-alpha"/> yang berkaitan

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