Gedung Empire State: Perbedaan antara revisi

Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif
← Revisi sebelumnya
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
VisualTeks wiki
KamikazeBot (bicara | kontrib)
Bot
9.777 suntingan
InternetArchiveBot (bicara | kontrib)
Bot
649.799 suntingan
Add 1 book for Wikipedia:Pemastian (20240209)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot
 
(38 revisi perantara oleh 16 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1: Baris 1:
{{Infobox building
[[Berkas:Manhattan at Dusk by slonecker.jpg|thumb|Empire State Building adalah gedung tertinggi di dunia antara [[1931]] sampai [[1972]]]]
| name = Empire State Building
'''Gedung Empire State''' atau '''Empire State Building''' adalah gedung [[pencakar langit]] yang memiliki 102 lantai di [[New York City]] dengan gaya [[Art Deco]]. Bangunan ini didesain oleh [[Shreve, Lamb and Harmon]] dan rampung pada tahun [[1931]]. Namanya diambil dari nama julukan negara bagian [[New York]]. Sejak runtuhnya [[World Trade Center]] pada [[Serangan 11 September]], bangunan ini kembali menjadi bangunan tertinggi di New York City. Saat ini, bangunan ini adalah bangunan kedua tertinggi di [[Amerika Serikat]] setelah [[Menara Willis]] di [[Chicago]].
| image = Empire State Building from the Top of the Rock.jpg
| caption =
| highest_start = 1931
| highest_end = 1972
| highest_prev = [[Chrysler Building]]
| highest_next = [[Menara Kembar World Trade Center]]
| location = 350 [[Fifth Avenue]]<br />[[New York City|New York]], [[New York (negara bagian)|NY]] 10118<ref name="EmpireZip">The Empire State Building is located within the 10001 zip code area, but 10118 is assigned as the building's own zip code. Source: USPS.</ref><br />Amerika Serikat
| coordinates = {{Coord|40|44|54.36|N|73|59|08.36|W|region:US-NY_type:landmark|name=Empire State Building|display=inline,title}}<!-- rounded from 54.36051", 08.35715" in the source --><ref>National Geodetic Survey datasheet KU3602. Retrieved July 26, 2009.</ref>
| status =
| start_date = 1929<ref name="Enc-NY-ESB" />
| completion_date = 1931
| opening =
| building_type = Perkantoran, observasi
| architectural = {{convert|1250|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.esbnyc.com/visit_empire_state_building.asp |title=ESBNYC.com |access-date=2013-03-15 |archive-date=2012-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120705100016/http://www.esbnyc.com/visit_empire_state_building.asp |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="skyscraperCenter">{{cite web|url=http://skyscrapercenter.com/new-york-city/empire-state-building/|title=Empire State Building - The Skyscraper Center|work=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat|access-date=2013-03-15|archive-date=2012-05-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524040642/http://skyscrapercenter.com/new-york-city/empire-state-building|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
| tip = {{convert|1454|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}<ref name=skyscraperCenter/>
| roof = {{convert|1250|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}
| top_floor = {{convert|1224|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}<ref name=skyscraperCenter/>
| observatory = {{convert|1224|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}<ref name=skyscraperCenter/>
| floor_count = 102<ref name=skyscraperCenter/>
| elevator_count = 73<ref name=skyscraperCenter/>
| cost = $40.948.900<ref name="cost"/>
| floor_area = {{convert|2248355|sqft|m2|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=skyscraperCenter/>
| architect = [[Shreve, Lamb and Harmon]]
| structural_engineer = Homer Gage Balcom<ref>{{cite news|title=Homer G. Balcom, Engineer, Is Dead|url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50B13FE3F5D12738DDDAC0894DF405B888FF1D3|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=July 5, 1938|accessdate=August 8, 2011|archive-date=2021-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328175154/https://www.nytimes.com/1938/07/05/archives/homer-g-balcom-engineer-is-dead-directed-steel-construction-in.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| main_contractor = Starrett Brothers and Eken
| developer = John J. Raskob
| owner =
| management = W&H Properties
| nrhp = {{Infobox NRHP
|embed = yes
|nrhp_type = nhl
|image =
|image_size =
|caption =
|designated_nrhp_type = 24 Juni 1986
|designated_other2_name = NYC Landmark
|designated_other2_date = 19 Mei 1981
|designated_other2_abbr = NYCL
|designated_other2_link = New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission
|designated_other2_number =
|designated_other2_color = #ff0000
|governing_body =
|locmapin =
|lat_degrees = 40
|lat_minutes = 44
|lat_seconds = 54.36
|lat_direction = N
|long_degrees = 73
|long_minutes = 59
|long_seconds = 08.36
|long_direction = W
|coord_display = inline
|groundbreaking= 1928
|built= 1929–31
|status=
|architect= [[Shreve, Lamb and Harmon]]
|architecture= [[Art Deco]]
|floor_area={{convert|2768591|sqft|m2|-3|abbr=on}} dapat disewa (2007)<br />Luar: {{convert|2|acre|m2|0}}
|added = 17 November 1982
|refnum=82001192
}}
| references = <ref name=skyscraperCenter/><ref name="nhlsum">{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1842&ResourceType=Building|title=Empire State Building|date=September 11, 2007|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/61HNAdO6j?url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1842|archivedate=2011-08-28|deadurl=no|access-date=2013-03-15}}</ref><ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2007a}}</ref>
}}


'''Empire State Building''' adalah sebuah [[pencakar langit awal|pencakar langit]] berlantai 102 yang terletak di [[Midtown Manhattan]], [[New York City]], di persimpangan [[Fifth Avenue (Manhattan)|Fifth Avenue]] dan [[34th Street (Manhattan)|West 34th Street]]. Gedung ini memiliki tinggi puncak 381&nbsp;meter. Jika menggabungkan [[menara antena]]nya, tinggi gedung ini mencapai 443,2&nbsp;m.<ref name=skyscraperCenter/> Namanya diambil dari [[Daftar julukan negara bagian Amerika Serikat|julukan]] [[New York]], yaitu [[Empire State]]. Empire State Building sempat menjadi [[Daftar bangunan dan struktur tertinggi di dunia|bangunan tertinggi di dunia]] selama 40 tahun, sejak selesai dibangun tahun 1931 sampai rampungnya Menara Utara [[World Trade Center]] pada tahun 1972. Pasca-[[serangan 11 September]] tahun 2001, Empire State Building kembali menjadi bangunan tertinggi di New York (bukan di Amerika Serikat atau dunia). Empire State Building lagi-lagi menjadi bangunan tertinggi kedua di New York pada tanggal 30 April 2012 setelah [[One World Trade Center]] yang baru mengalahkan tingginya.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/real-estate/official-1-wtc-york-tallest-building-article-1.1069925?localLinksEnabled=false | title=It's official: 1 WTC is New York's new tallest building | publisher=NY Daily News | date=April 30, 2012 | accessdate=April 30, 2012 | archive-date=2012-05-03 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503023258/http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/real-estate/official-1-wtc-york-tallest-building-article-1.1069925?localLinksEnabled=false | dead-url=yes }}</ref> Empire State Building saat ini merupakan [[Daftar bangunan tertinggi di Amerika Serikat|pencakar langit rampung tertinggi ketiga di Amerika Serikat]] (setelah [[Menara Willis]] dan [[Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago)|Trump International Hotel and Tower]] di [[Daftar bangunan tertinggi di Chicago|Chicago]]) dan [[Daftar bangunan tertinggi di dunia|tertinggi ke-22 di dunia]]. Gedung ini juga merupakan [[Daftar struktur berdiri bebas tertinggi di dunia|struktur berdiri bebas tertinggi keempat di Amerika]].
== Pranala luar ==
* {{en}} [http://www.esbnyc.com/ Official website]
* {{en}} [http://www.nypl.org/research/chss/spe/art/photo/hinex/empire/empire.html The Construction of the Empire State Building, 1930-1931, New York Public Library]
* {{en}} [http://www.googleearthhacks.com/dlfile21019/empire-state-building-3D.htm 3D model of the building for use in Google Earth]


Empire State Building pada umumnya menjadi [[ikon budaya]] [[Amerika Serikat]]. Gedung ini dirancang dengan gaya [[Art Deco]] dan dijuluki sebagai salah satu [[Tujuh Keajaiban Dunia Modern]] oleh [[American Society of Civil Engineers]]. Gedung dan interior lantai bawahnya adalah ditetapkan sebagai markah tanah oleh [[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]] dan [[New York City Board of Estimate]].<ref name="AIA">{{cite AIA4}} p.226.</ref> Gedung ini ditetapkan sebagai [[National Historic Landmark]] pada tahun 1986.<ref name="nhlsum" /><ref name="nhlnom">{{cite web|first=Carolyn|last=Pitts|url=http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Text/82001192.pdf|format=PDF|title=Empire State Building|work=National Historic Landmark Nomination|date=April 26, 1985|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=2013-03-15|archive-date=2009-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090329053326/http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Text/82001192.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="nrhpphotos">{{cite web|url=http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Photos/82001192.pdf|format=PDF|title=Empire State Building—Accompanying 7 photos, exterior and interior, from 1978|work=National Register of Historic Places Inventory|date=April 26, 1985|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=2013-03-15|archive-date=2009-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090329053328/http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Photos/82001192.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Pada tahun 2007, Empire State Building menempati peringkat satu dalam [[daftar arsitektur terfavorit di Amerika Serikat menurut AIA]].
{{supertall}}
{{bangunan-stub}}


Gedung ini dimiliki oleh 2.800 investor yang tergabung dalam Empire State Building Associates L.L.C.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?company=empire+state+building+associates&match=&CIK=&filenum=&State=&Country=&SIC=&owner=exclude&Find=Find+Companies&action=getcompany |title=Empire State Building Associates L.L.C.&nbsp;– Empire State Building |publisher=SEC.gov |accessdate=December 6, 2012 |archive-date=2022-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027121900/https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?company=empire+state+building+associates&match=&CIK=&filenum=&State=&Country=&SIC=&owner=exclude&Find=Find+Companies&action=getcompany |dead-url=no }}</ref> Empire State Building saat ini menjalani renovasi senilai $550&nbsp;juta. $120&nbsp;juta di antaranya dianggarkan untuk mengubah bangunan ini menjadi lebih [[pemakaian hemat energi|hemat energi]] dan ramah lingkungan.<ref name="esbnyc1">{{cite web |url=http://www.esbnyc.com/sustainability_energy_efficiency.asp |title=2009 ULI Fall Meeting & Urban Land Expo&nbsp;— Green Retrofit: What Is Making This the Wave of the Future? |format=PDF |accessdate=October 11, 2010 |archive-date=2010-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101122082831/http://esbnyc.com/sustainability_energy_efficiency.asp |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Setelan menerima penilaian emas dari [[Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design|Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)]] bulan September 2011, Empire State Building menjadi bangunan bersertifikasi LEED tertinggi di Amerika Serikat.<ref name="inhabitat1">{{cite web |url=http://inhabitat.com/nyc/empire-state-building-achieves-leed-gold-certification/ |title=Empire State Building Achieves LEED Gold Certification &#124; Inhabitat New York City |publisher=Inhabitat.com |accessdate=October 12, 2011 |archive-date=2017-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628192334/http://inhabitat.com/nyc/empire-state-building-achieves-leed-gold-certification/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
[[Kategori:Markah tanah]]

[[Kategori:Bangunan dan struktur di Amerika Serikat]]
== Penyewa utama ==
[[Kategori:Pencakar langit diatas 350 meter]]
{{Col-begin}}{{Col-break}}
[[Kategori:New York City]]
; Saat ini
<!--Please do not list Garuda Indonesia, Daalo, or Air Zimbabwe as the offices are operated by a travel agent, not the airline itself-->
* [[Air China]], Suite 6905<ref>"[http://www.airchina.com.cn/www/en/html/index/customer_service/worldwide_offices/1071/ The Americas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020012447/http://www.airchina.com.cn/www/en/html/index/customer_service/worldwide_offices/1071/ |date=2012-10-20 }}." [[Air China]]. Retrieved on October 15, 2012. "New York AIR CHINA Ltd.(New York) Empire State Building 350 Fifth Avenue, Suite 6905 New York, NY 10118"</ref>
* [[Boy Scouts of America]], [[Greater New York Councils]], Suite 430<ref>[http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=search.summary&orgid=3379 Charity Navigator Rating - Boy Scouts of America, Greater New York Councils] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030140838/https://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=search.summary&orgid=3379 |date=2020-10-30 }}.</ref>
* [[Coty, Inc.|Coty]]<ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/04/18/empirestatebuilding-coty-idUSL2E8FIAGG20120418 Coty expands in Empire State Building] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130308095338/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/04/18/empirestatebuilding-coty-idUSL2E8FIAGG20120418 |date=2013-03-08 }}.</ref>
* [[Croatian National Tourist Board]], Suite 4003<ref name="Foreigners">"[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3601/is_71_50/ai_n6149482 Foreigners flocking to 350 Fifth Avenue] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151230042754/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3601/is_71_50/ai_n6149482 |date=2015-12-30 }}." ''Real Estate Weekly''. June 30, 2004.</ref><ref>[http://croatia.hr/en-GB/Homepage Home page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110305171752/http://croatia.hr/en-GB/Homepage |date=2011-03-05 }}. ''[[Croatian National Tourist Board]]''. Retrieved September 4, 2008.</ref>
* [[Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation]]<ref>[http://blumbergcapitalpartners.com/BCP-news/?p=568 FDIC to Move Into Empire State Building] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903222617/http://blumbergcapitalpartners.com/BCP-news/?p=568 |date=2015-09-03 }}.</ref>
* ''[[Filipino Reporter (newspaper)|Filipino Reporter]]'', Suite 1007<ref name="Foreigners"/><ref>"[http://www.filipinoreporter.us/home/filipino-american/852-filipino-reporter-contact-information.html Contact] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129111942/http://www.filipinoreporter.us/home/filipino-american/852-filipino-reporter-contact-information.html |date=2014-11-29 }}." ''[[Filipino Reporter]]''. Retrieved September 4, 2008.</ref>
* [[Human Rights Foundation]], Suite 4515<ref>[http://www.thehrf.org/ Human Rights Foundation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608074244/http://www.thehrf.org/ |date=2019-06-08 }}.</ref>
* [[Human Rights Watch]], 34th Floor<ref name="Foreigners"/><ref>"[http://china.hrw.org/contacts Contact] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080928035448/http://china.hrw.org/contacts |date=2008-09-28 }}." ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. Retrieved September 4, 2008.</ref>
* Kaplan International Center, 63rd Floor<ref>[http://bookings.kaplaninternational.com/en/CourseListing.aspx Kaplan International school at ESB] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105095457/http://bookings.kaplaninternational.com/en/CourseListing.aspx |date=2015-01-05 }}.</ref>
* [[The King's College (New York)|The King's College]], Suite 1500<ref name="tkc.edu">{{cite web|url=http://www.tkc.edu/|title=The King's College|accessdate=November 1, 2008|archive-date=2023-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720180210/https://www.tkc.edu/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
* [[Li & Fung]]<ref>[https://archive.today/20130130164410/www.nypost.com/p/news/business/empire_expansion_NpNIrK5MwNvmWPjSEaLVXJ Empire expansion].</ref>
* [[LinkedIn]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-08-30/the-tangled-tale-behind-the-empire-state-buildings-ipo |title=The Tangled Tale Behind the Empire State Building's IPO |access-date=2013-03-15 |archive-date=2012-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902091617/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-08-30/the-tangled-tale-behind-the-empire-state-buildings-ipo |dead-url=no }}</ref>
{{Col-break}}
* [[Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical|Noven Pharmaceuticals]]<ref>[http://observer.com/2010/05/pharma-firm-bolts-chrysler-building-for-empire-state/ Pharma Firm Bolts Chrysler Building for Empire State] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409224542/https://observer.com/2010/05/pharma-firm-bolts-chrysler-building-for-empire-state/ |date=2023-04-09 }}.</ref>
* [[People's Daily]]<ref>[http://www.greenbuildingsnyc.com/2011/07/18/reds-go-green-chinese-communist-party-newspaper-signs-empire-state-building-lease/ Reds Go Green: Chinese Communist Party Newspaper Signs Empire State Building Lease] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111216191932/http://www.greenbuildingsnyc.com/2011/07/18/reds-go-green-chinese-communist-party-newspaper-signs-empire-state-building-lease/ |date=2011-12-16 }}.</ref>
* Polish Cultural Institute, Suite 4621<ref name="Foreigners"/><ref>[http://www.polishculture-nyc.org/?itemCategory=30565&siteid=217&priorId=0 Home Page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529053412/http://www.polishculture-nyc.org/?itemCategory=30565&siteid=217&priorId=0 |date=2012-05-29 }}. Polish Cultural Institute in New York. Retrieved September 4, 2008.</ref> {{nb10}}
* [[Turkish Airlines]]<ref>[http://newyorkrealestate.citybizlist.com//18/2011/2/23/Four-Tenants-Claim-PreBuilt-Green-Suites-in-Empire-State-Building.aspx Four Tenants Claim Pre-Built Green Suites in Empire State Building]. {{dead link|date=December 2012}}</ref>
* [[World Monuments Fund]], Suite 2412<ref>[http://www.wmf.org/contact-us World Monuments Fund] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910222754/http://www.wmf.org/contact-us |date=2015-09-10 }}.</ref>

; Sebelumnya
* [[China National Tourist Office]]<ref name="Foreigners"/> (now located at 370 Lexington Avenue)<ref>"[http://www.cnto.org/contactus.asp Contact Us] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080914121537/http://www.cnto.org/contactus.asp |date=2008-09-14 }}." [[China National Tourist Office]]. Retrieved September 4, 2008.</ref>
* [[National Film Board of Canada]]<ref name="Foreigners"/> (now located at 1123 [[Broadway (New York City)|Broadway]])<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20090216191426/http://www3.nfb.ca/contacts/ Contact us]." [[National Film Board of Canada]]. Retrieved September 4, 2008.</ref>
* [[Nathaniel Branden Institute]]<ref>[http://www.barbarabranden.com/answer-nathaniel.html In Answer to Ayn Rand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221081558/http://www.barbarabranden.com/answer-nathaniel.html |date=2022-12-21 }} by [[Nathaniel Branden]] at his ex-wife's website</ref>
* [[Schenley Industries|Schenley]]
{{Col-end}}

== Lihat pula ==
{{Portal|New York City}}
* [[Daftar bangunan berlantai 100 atau lebih]]
* [[Daftar bangunan tertinggi di dunia]]
* [[Daftar bangunan tertinggi menurut negara bagian A.S.]]
* [[Daftar struktur berdiri bebas tertinggi di dunia]]
* [[Pencakar langit]]

== Catatan kaki ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== Bacaan lanjutan ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book|last = Aaseng|first = Nathan|title = Construction: Building the Impossible|url = https://archive.org/details/constructionbuil00aase|year = 1998|publisher = The Oliver Press, Inc.|location = Minneapolis, MN|isbn = 978-1-881508-59-5 }}
* {{cite book|last = Bascomb|first = Neal|title = Higher: A Historic Race to the Sky and the Making of a City|url = https://archive.org/details/higherhistoricr000basc|year = 2003|publisher = Doubleday|location = New York|isbn = 978-0-385-50660-1 }}
* <cite id=Goldman>{{cite book|last = Goldman|first = Jonathan|title = The Empire State Building Book|url = https://archive.org/details/empirestatebuild00gold|year = 1980|publisher = St. Martin's Press|location = New York|isbn = 978-0-312-24455-2 }}
* {{cite book|last = James|first = Theodore, Jr.|title = The Empire State Building|url = https://archive.org/details/empirestatebuild0000jame|year = 1975|publisher = Harper & Row|location = New York|isbn = 978-0-06-012172-3 }}
* {{cite book|last = Kingwell|first = Mark|title = Nearest Thing to Heaven: The Empire State Building and American Dreams|url = https://archive.org/details/nearestthingtohe0000king|year = 2006|publisher = Yale University Press|location = New Haven, CT|isbn = 978-0-300-10622-0 }}
* {{cite book|last = Pacelle|first = Mitchell|title = Empire: A Tale of Obsession, Betrayal, and the Battle for an American Icon|url = https://archive.org/details/empiretaleofobse0000pace|year = 2001|publisher = Wiley|location = New York|isbn = 978-0-471-40394-4 }}
* {{cite book|last = Tauranac|first = John|title = The Empire State Building: The Making of a Landmark|url = https://archive.org/details/empirestatebuild0000taur|year = 1995|publisher = Scribner|location = New York|isbn = 978-0-684-19678-7 }}
* {{cite book|last = Wagner|first = Geraldine B.|title = Thirteen Months to Go: The Creation of the Empire State Building|url = https://archive.org/details/thirteenmonthsto0000wagn|year = 2003|publisher = Thunder Bay Press|location = San Diego, CA|isbn = 978-1-59223-105-8 }}
* {{cite book|last = Willis|first = Carol|last2 = Friedman|first2 = Donald|title = Building the Empire State|url = https://archive.org/details/buildingempirest0000unse_p9h3|year = 1998|publisher = W.W. Norton|location = New York|isbn = 978-0-393-73030-2 }}
{{Refend}}

== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wiktionary|Empire State Building}}
* [http://www.esbnyc.com/ esbnyc.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091225160602/http://www.esbnyc.com/ |date=2009-12-25 }}, the building's official website
* [http://skyscrapercenter.com/new-york-city/empire-state-building/ Empire State Building] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524040642/http://skyscrapercenter.com/new-york-city/empire-state-building |date=2012-05-24 }} on [[CTBUH]] Skyscraper Center
* [http://www.britishpathe.com/video/905-feet-high Film footage of the construction of the Empire State Building, 1930] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310120954/https://www.britishpathe.com/video/905-feet-high |date=2022-03-10 }}
* {{cite book|author = Hearst Magazines|title = Popular Mechanics|url = http://books.google.com/?id=qOIDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA920|date = 1930-12|publisher = Hearst Magazines|isbn = |page = 920|access-date = 2013-03-15|archive-date = 2023-07-29|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230729184252/https://books.google.com/books?id=qOIDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA920&hl=en|dead-url = no}}
* [http://www.commercialconstruction.com/historic-construction-projects/empire-state-building/ Commercial Construction.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607054425/http://commercialconstruction.com/historic-construction-projects/empire-state-building/ |date=2023-06-07 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101031103312/http://knowledge.allianz.com/en/globalissues/energy_co2/energy_efficiency/empire_state_building_retrofit.html Empire State Building Green Retrofit]
* [http://manhattan.about.com/od/historyandlandmarks/a/empirestate.htm/ Empire State Building Trivia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060206142541/http://manhattan.about.com/od/historyandlandmarks/a/empirestate.htm |date=2006-02-06 }}
* [http://www.empirestatebuildingnewyork.com/ Empire State Building Information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120711132827/http://www.empirestatebuildingnewyork.com/ |date=2012-07-11 }}
* [http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/dgkeysearchresult.cfm?parent_id=131032 The Construction of the Empire State Building, 1930–1931] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009013449/http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/dgkeysearchresult.cfm?parent_id=131032 |date=2014-10-09 }}, [[New York Public Library]]
* [http://www.skyscraper.org/WEB_PROJECTS/VIVA2/viva2_intro.htm VIVA2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717030435/http://www.skyscraper.org/WEB_PROJECTS/VIVA2/viva2_intro.htm |date=2012-07-17 }} – Online archive of over 500 construction photographs
* {{Structurae|id=s0000022}}
* [http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2010/09/26/realestate/20100926scapes_ss.html?ref=multimedia#1 Streetscapes: The Empire State Building] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129135113/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2010/09/26/realestate/20100926scapes_ss.html?ref=multimedia#1 |date=2014-11-29 }} — slideshow by ''[[The New York Times]]''


{{Link FA|fr}}
{{S-start}}
{{S-ach|rec}}
{{S-bef|rows=4|before=[[Chrysler Building]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Struktur tertinggi di dunia]]|years=1931–1954}}
{{S-aft|after=[[KWTV Mast]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Struktur darat berdiri bebas tertinggi di dunia]]|years=1931–1967}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Ostankino Tower]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Pencakar langit#Sejarah pencakar langit tertinggi|Bangunan tertinggi di dunia]]|years=1931–1972}}
{{S-aft|rows=2|after=[[World Trade Center]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Daftar bangunan tertinggi di Amerika Serikat|Bangunan tertinggi di Amerika Serikat]]|years=1931–1972}}
{{s-end}}
{{Navboxes
|title=Artikel dan topik lain tentang Empire State Building
|state=collapsed
|list1=
{{Garis waktu bangunan di New York City}}
{{Supertall| current}}
{{Tempat wisata di New York City}}
}}


[[Kategori:Pendirian tahun 1931 di Amerika Serikat]]
[[af:Empire State-gebou]]
[[Kategori:Arsitektur Art Deco di New York City]]
[[an:Empire State Building]]
[[Kategori:Empire State Building| ]]
[[ar:مبنى إمباير ستيت]]
[[Kategori:Fifth Avenue (Manhattan)]]
[[arz:امباير ستيت]]
[[Kategori:National Historic Landmark di New York City]]
[[az:Empayr Steyt Bildinq]]
[[Kategori:Bangunan perkantoran di Manhattan]]
[[bat-smg:Empire State Building]]
[[Kategori:Pencakar langit di Manhattan]]
[[be:Эмпайр Стэйт Білдынг]]
[[Kategori:Pencakar langit lebih dari 350 meter]]
[[be-x-old:Эмпайр-Стэйт-Білдынг]]
[[Kategori:Midtown Manhattan]]
[[bg:Емпайър Стейт Билдинг]]
[[br:Empire State Building]]
[[bs:Empire State Building]]
[[ca:Empire State Building]]
[[cs:Empire State Building]]
[[cy:Empire State Building]]
[[da:Empire State Building]]
[[de:Empire State Building]]
[[dv:އެމްޕައަރ ސްޓޭޓް ބިލްޑިންގ]]
[[el:Εμπάιαρ Στέιτ Μπίλντινγκ]]
[[en:Empire State Building]]
[[eo:Empire State Building]]
[[es:Edificio Empire State]]
[[et:Empire State Building]]
[[eu:Empire State eraikina]]
[[fa:ساختمان امپایر استیت]]
[[fi:Empire State Building]]
[[fr:Empire State Building]]
[[fy:Empire State Building]]
[[he:בניין אמפייר סטייט]]
[[hi:एम्पायर स्टेट भवन]]
[[hif:Empire State Building]]
[[hr:Empire State Building]]
[[hu:Empire State Building]]
[[is:Empire State-byggingin]]
[[it:Empire State Building]]
[[ja:エンパイア・ステート・ビルディング]]
[[ka:ემპაირ სტეიტ ბილდინგი]]
[[kk:Эмпайр-Стейт-Билдинг]]
[[ko:엠파이어 스테이트 빌딩]]
[[kw:Empire State Building]]
[[la:Aedificium Civitatis Imperialis]]
[[lb:Empire State Building]]
[[li:Empire State Building]]
[[lmo:Empire State Building]]
[[lt:Empire State Building]]
[[lv:Empire State Building]]
[[mk:Емпаер Стејт Билдинг]]
[[ml:എം‌പയർ സ്റ്റേറ്റ് ബിൽഡിംഗ്]]
[[mn:Эмпайр-Стейт-Билдинг]]
[[mr:एम्पायर स्टेट इमारत]]
[[ms:Bangunan Empire State]]
[[my:အင်ပိုင်ယာစတိတ် အဆောက်အဦး]]
[[nl:Empire State Building]]
[[nn:Empire State Building]]
[[no:Empire State Building]]
[[oc:Empire State Building]]
[[pl:Empire State Building]]
[[pnb:ایمپائیر سٹیٹ بلڈنگ]]
[[pt:Empire State Building]]
[[ro:Empire State Building]]
[[ru:Эмпайр-стейт-билдинг]]
[[sh:Empire State Building]]
[[simple:Empire State Building]]
[[sk:Empire State Building]]
[[sl:Empire State Building]]
[[sq:Empire State Building]]
[[sr:Емпајер стејт билдинг]]
[[sv:Empire State Building]]
[[sw:Jengo la Empire State]]
[[ta:எம்பயர் ஸ்டேட் கட்டிடம்]]
[[th:ตึกเอ็มไพร์สเตต]]
[[tl:Empire State Building]]
[[tr:Empire State Binası]]
[[uk:Емпайр-Стейт-Білдінг]]
[[ur:ایمپائر اسٹیٹ بلڈنگ]]
[[vi:Tòa nhà Empire State]]
[[war:Empire State Building]]
[[yi:עמפייער סטעיט בילדינג]]
[[zh:帝国大厦]]
[[zh-min-nan:Empire State Building]]
[[zh-yue:帝國大廈]]

Revisi terkini sejak 10 Februari 2024 20.58

Empire State Building
Peta
Rekor tinggi
Tertinggi di dunia sejak 1931 hingga 1972[I]
DidahuluiChrysler Building
DigantikanMenara Kembar World Trade Center
Informasi umum
JenisPerkantoran, observasi
Lokasi350 Fifth Avenue
New York, NY 10118[1]
Amerika Serikat
Koordinat40°44′54.36″N 73°59′08.36″W / 40.7484333°N 73.9856556°W / 40.7484333; -73.9856556 (Empire State Building)Koordinat: 40°44′54.36″N 73°59′08.36″W / 40.7484333°N 73.9856556°W / 40.7484333; -73.9856556 (Empire State Building)[2]
Mulai dibangun1929[3]
Rampung1931
Biaya$40.948.900[6]
ManajemenW&H Properties
Tinggi
Arsitektural1.250 ft (381,0 m)[4][5]
Pucuk1.454 ft (443,2 m)[5]
Atap1.250 ft (381,0 m)
Lantai atas1.224 ft (373,1 m)[5]
Menara pandang1.224 ft (373,1 m)[5]
Data teknis
Jumlah lantai102[5]
Luas lantai2.248.355 sq ft (208.879 m2)[5]
Lift73[5]
Desain dan konstruksi
ArsitekShreve, Lamb and Harmon
PengembangJohn J. Raskob
Teknisi strukturHomer Gage Balcom[7]
Kontraktor utamaStarrett Brothers and Eken
Gedung Empire State
NYC Landmark
Koordinat:40°44′54.36″N 73°59′08.36″W / 40.7484333°N 73.9856556°W / 40.7484333; -73.9856556
Dibangun:1929–31
Arsitek:Shreve, Lamb and Harmon
Gaya arsitektur:Art Deco
NRHP Reference#:82001192
Significant dates
Dimasukkan ke NRHP:17 November 1982
Ditetapkan NHL:24 Juni 1986
Ditetapkan :19 Mei 1981
Referensi
[5][8][9]

Empire State Building adalah sebuah pencakar langit berlantai 102 yang terletak di Midtown Manhattan, New York City, di persimpangan Fifth Avenue dan West 34th Street. Gedung ini memiliki tinggi puncak 381 meter. Jika menggabungkan menara antenanya, tinggi gedung ini mencapai 443,2 m.[5] Namanya diambil dari julukan New York, yaitu Empire State. Empire State Building sempat menjadi bangunan tertinggi di dunia selama 40 tahun, sejak selesai dibangun tahun 1931 sampai rampungnya Menara Utara World Trade Center pada tahun 1972. Pasca-serangan 11 September tahun 2001, Empire State Building kembali menjadi bangunan tertinggi di New York (bukan di Amerika Serikat atau dunia). Empire State Building lagi-lagi menjadi bangunan tertinggi kedua di New York pada tanggal 30 April 2012 setelah One World Trade Center yang baru mengalahkan tingginya.[10] Empire State Building saat ini merupakan pencakar langit rampung tertinggi ketiga di Amerika Serikat (setelah Menara Willis dan Trump International Hotel and Tower di Chicago) dan tertinggi ke-22 di dunia. Gedung ini juga merupakan struktur berdiri bebas tertinggi keempat di Amerika.

Empire State Building pada umumnya menjadi ikon budaya Amerika Serikat. Gedung ini dirancang dengan gaya Art Deco dan dijuluki sebagai salah satu Tujuh Keajaiban Dunia Modern oleh American Society of Civil Engineers. Gedung dan interior lantai bawahnya adalah ditetapkan sebagai markah tanah oleh New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission dan New York City Board of Estimate.[11] Gedung ini ditetapkan sebagai National Historic Landmark pada tahun 1986.[8][12][13] Pada tahun 2007, Empire State Building menempati peringkat satu dalam daftar arsitektur terfavorit di Amerika Serikat menurut AIA.

Gedung ini dimiliki oleh 2.800 investor yang tergabung dalam Empire State Building Associates L.L.C.[14] Empire State Building saat ini menjalani renovasi senilai $550 juta. $120 juta di antaranya dianggarkan untuk mengubah bangunan ini menjadi lebih hemat energi dan ramah lingkungan.[15] Setelan menerima penilaian emas dari Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) bulan September 2011, Empire State Building menjadi bangunan bersertifikasi LEED tertinggi di Amerika Serikat.[16]

Penyewa utama[sunting | sunting sumber]

Lihat pula[sunting | sunting sumber]

Catatan kaki[sunting | sunting sumber]

  1. ^ The Empire State Building is located within the 10001 zip code area, but 10118 is assigned as the building's own zip code. Source: USPS.
  2. ^ National Geodetic Survey datasheet KU3602. Retrieved July 26, 2009.
  3. ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Enc-NY-ESB
  4. ^ "ESBNYC.com". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-07-05. Diakses tanggal 2013-03-15. 
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Empire State Building - The Skyscraper Center". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-05-24. Diakses tanggal 2013-03-15. 
  6. ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama cost
  7. ^ "Homer G. Balcom, Engineer, Is Dead". The New York Times. July 5, 1938. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-03-28. Diakses tanggal August 8, 2011. 
  8. ^ a b "Empire State Building". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. September 11, 2007. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-08-28. Diakses tanggal 2013-03-15. 
  9. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2007-01-23. 
  10. ^ "It's official: 1 WTC is New York's new tallest building". NY Daily News. April 30, 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-05-03. Diakses tanggal April 30, 2012. 
  11. ^ White, Norval & Willensky, Elliot. AIA Guide to New York City (4th ed.) New York: Three Rivers Press, 2000. ISBN 0-8129-3107-6. p.226.
  12. ^ Pitts, Carolyn (April 26, 1985). "Empire State Building" (PDF). National Historic Landmark Nomination. National Park Service. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2009-03-29. Diakses tanggal 2013-03-15. 
  13. ^ "Empire State Building—Accompanying 7 photos, exterior and interior, from 1978" (PDF). National Register of Historic Places Inventory. National Park Service. April 26, 1985. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2009-03-29. Diakses tanggal 2013-03-15. 
  14. ^ "Empire State Building Associates L.L.C. – Empire State Building". SEC.gov. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2022-10-27. Diakses tanggal December 6, 2012. 
  15. ^ "2009 ULI Fall Meeting & Urban Land Expo — Green Retrofit: What Is Making This the Wave of the Future?". Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2010-11-22. Diakses tanggal October 11, 2010. 
  16. ^ "Empire State Building Achieves LEED Gold Certification | Inhabitat New York City". Inhabitat.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-06-28. Diakses tanggal October 12, 2011. 
  17. ^ "The Americas Diarsipkan 2012-10-20 di Wayback Machine.." Air China. Retrieved on October 15, 2012. "New York AIR CHINA Ltd.(New York) Empire State Building 350 Fifth Avenue, Suite 6905 New York, NY 10118"
  18. ^ Charity Navigator Rating - Boy Scouts of America, Greater New York Councils Diarsipkan 2020-10-30 di Wayback Machine..
  19. ^ Coty expands in Empire State Building Diarsipkan 2013-03-08 di Wayback Machine..
  20. ^ a b c d e f "Foreigners flocking to 350 Fifth Avenue Diarsipkan 2015-12-30 di Wayback Machine.." Real Estate Weekly. June 30, 2004.
  21. ^ Home page Diarsipkan 2011-03-05 di Wayback Machine.. Croatian National Tourist Board. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
  22. ^ FDIC to Move Into Empire State Building Diarsipkan 2015-09-03 di Wayback Machine..
  23. ^ "Contact Diarsipkan 2014-11-29 di Wayback Machine.." Filipino Reporter. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
  24. ^ Human Rights Foundation Diarsipkan 2019-06-08 di Wayback Machine..
  25. ^ "Contact Diarsipkan 2008-09-28 di Wayback Machine.." Human Rights Watch. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
  26. ^ Kaplan International school at ESB Diarsipkan 2015-01-05 di Wayback Machine..
  27. ^ "The King's College". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-20. Diakses tanggal November 1, 2008. 
  28. ^ Empire expansion.
  29. ^ "The Tangled Tale Behind the Empire State Building's IPO". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-09-02. Diakses tanggal 2013-03-15. 
  30. ^ Pharma Firm Bolts Chrysler Building for Empire State Diarsipkan 2023-04-09 di Wayback Machine..
  31. ^ Reds Go Green: Chinese Communist Party Newspaper Signs Empire State Building Lease Diarsipkan 2011-12-16 di Wayback Machine..
  32. ^ Home Page Diarsipkan 2012-05-29 di Wayback Machine.. Polish Cultural Institute in New York. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
  33. ^ Four Tenants Claim Pre-Built Green Suites in Empire State Building. [pranala nonaktif]
  34. ^ World Monuments Fund Diarsipkan 2015-09-10 di Wayback Machine..
  35. ^ "Contact Us Diarsipkan 2008-09-14 di Wayback Machine.." China National Tourist Office. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
  36. ^ "Contact us." National Film Board of Canada. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
  37. ^ In Answer to Ayn Rand Diarsipkan 2022-12-21 di Wayback Machine. by Nathaniel Branden at his ex-wife's website

Bacaan lanjutan[sunting | sunting sumber]

Pranala luar[sunting | sunting sumber]

Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Empire State Building.
Lihat entri Empire State Building di kamus bebas Wiktionary.
Rekor
Didahului oleh:
Chrysler Building 		Struktur tertinggi di dunia
1931–1954 		Diteruskan oleh:
KWTV Mast
Struktur darat berdiri bebas tertinggi di dunia
1931–1967 		Diteruskan oleh:
Ostankino Tower
Bangunan tertinggi di dunia
1931–1972 		Diteruskan oleh:
World Trade Center
Bangunan tertinggi di Amerika Serikat
1931–1972
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=Gedung_Empire_State&oldid=25294498"