Gempa bumi Baja California 2010

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Gempa bumi Baja California 2010
A large red circle on a terrain colored yellow and green.
Gempa bumi Baja California 2010 di Mexico
Gempa bumi Baja California 2010
Waktu UTC??
ISC
USGS-ANSS
Tanggal *22:40 April 4, 2010
Tanggal setempat
Waktu setempat
Kekuatan7.2 Mw
Kedalaman62 mil (100 km)
Episentrum32°07′41″N 115°18′11″W / 32.128°N 115.303°W / 32.128; -115.303Koordinat: 32°07′41″N 115°18′11″W / 32.128°N 115.303°W / 32.128; -115.303
Wilayah bencanaMeksiko Meksiko
Amerika Serikat Amerika Serikat
Intensitas maks.IX[1]
Gempa susulanYa
Korban2 tewas, 100 orang terluka di Mexicali.[2]

Gempa bumi Baja California 2010 merupakan gempa bumi dengan kekuatan 7,2 skala richter yang terjadi 26 km selatan Baja California dengan kedalaman 10 km.[3] Gempa bumi terjadi pada pukul 22:40 UTC (15:40 waktu lokal) pada hari Minggu 4 April 2010, dan terjadi dalam waktu satu menit. Intensitas gempa bumi ini tercatat lebih besar dari Gempa bumi Haiti 2010 yang terjadi pada bulan Januari (gempa bumi Haiti berkekuatan 7 skala richter).[4] Guncangan gempa terbesar dirasakan di Alberto Oviedo Mota pada VIII Skala Mercalli. Di Mexicali, Calexico dan Guadalupe Victoria gempa terjadi dengan kekuatan VII (Very Strong), sementara di San Luis Río Colorado dirasakan dengan kekuatan VI.[1] Kebanyakan kerusakan dari gempa bumi ini terjadi di perbatasan Meksiko-Amerika Serikat di Mexicali dan Calexico.[5] Setidaknya dua orang tewas dan 100 orang terluka.[2]

Geologi

Gempa bumi diperkirakan terjadi di Patahan Laguna Salada, dengan kedalaman 40 mil (64 km) hingga 50 mil (80 km) yang melintasi perbatasan California–Meksiko.[6] Patahan ini telah tidak menyebabkan gempa bumi selama 100 tahun.[7]

Keadaan awal

Situasi di Tijuana dan Mexicali merupakan daerah rawan gempa yang dikelilingi oleh patahan utama. Gempa bumi telah diperkirakan akan terjadi pada patahan yang berada di tenggara Mexicali.[8]

Sebelum terjadi gempa bumi dengan kekuatan 7,2 Mw, sejak tahun 2009 telah terjadi getaran-getaran gempa bumi kecil. Beberapa gempa bumi kecil terjadi sejak 1 April 2010 dengan kekuatan 3 hingga 4.[9][7]

Gempa susulan dan gempa bumi lain yang berhubungan

Laguna Salada fault (outlined in red).
Map of southern California and northern Baja California with earthquakes shortly after the main earthquake (image credit: US Geological Survey)

Tiga gempa bumi dengan kekuatan minimal 5 skala richter  dilaporkan telah terjadi; salah satu gempa berkekuatan 5,2 skala richter[10], satu dengan kekuatan 5,4 skala richter[11] dan yang terakhir berkekuatan 5,1 skala richter,[12] ketiga gempa terjadi dalam waktu satu jam sejak gempa awal. Gempa susulan yang tercatat telah terjadi sebanyak 8 kali.[13]

Dalam enam jam sejak terjadi gempa tercata 90 gempa susulan yang memicu gempa dengan kekuatan 3 hingga 5,1 skala richter yang terjadi di bagian utara dari Baja California dan bagian selatan California.[14] Termasuk gempa dengan kekuatan 3 dengan kedalaman 3 mil (4,8 km) di lepas pantai Malibu, California.[6]

Dampak

Mexico

Baja California state capital Mexicali was reported by Comisión Federal de Electricidad CEO Alfredo Elias Ayub as being without electricity.[15] There were at least two fatalities in Mexicali,[2] one of which was caused by a collapsed house.[16][17] At least 100 people were injured in Mexicali and its suburbs.[2] Windows were broken at the Chamber of Commerce in the city.[16] CNN reported that, "Pictures from Mexicali showed the sides ripped off buildings, toppled telephone poles, cracked roads, and supermarket aisles strewn with food that had fallen off shelves."[16] Damage was also reported in a state government building in construction.[18] According to the San Diego Union Tribune, the largest hospital in Mexicali sustained damage and was moving patients to other facilities.[13]

The quake was felt for about 40 seconds in Tijuana, Baja California, located 108 mil (174 km) to the northwest, where it caused buildings to sway and knocked out power in parts of the city. Families celebrating Easter ran out of the homes, with children screaming and crying.[19] A falling tree damaged a city water tank.[13]

United States

A map showing the amount of responses by people to USGS about the quake

United States Geological Survey seismologist Lucy Jones said at least 20 million people in the United States and Mexico, including most of Southern California, felt the quake.[20] Sporadic power outages were reported throughout southern California.[21] Skyscrapers shook in San Diego, California, 110 mil (180 km) northwest of the epicenter.[22] The earthquake broke at least two water mains, one at a Nordstrom department store in Fashion Valley Mall and another at Mission Bay High School.[13] The San Diego International Airport also had a water leak at Gate 33 in Terminal 2, and the terminal was evacuated for about 10 minutes due to fears of a natural gas leak.[13] The Coronado Bridge over San Diego Bay was briefly closed by the California Highway Patrol as a precautionary measure.[20] The Sheraton Hotel and Marina was evacuated when cracks were discovered in the floors.[13]

Electric service was disrupted across most of the Imperial Valley.[23] In Calexico, California, Fire Chief Peter Mercado said that there was structural damage, leaking gas lines and damage to the town's water system, but that no one was hurt.[20] A Calexico Police Lieutenant said, "Downtown is going to remain closed until further notice. I honestly doubt that it will reopen soon. You've got a lot of cracks. You've got a lot of broken glass. It's unsafe for people to go there."[20] The Calexico border crossing on California State Route 7 and a section of Interstate 8 were both closed.[23]

In El Centro, California, gas leaks, water main breaks, and collapsed chimneys and balconies were reported.[24] A man was injured when he fell during the quake,[13] and another man was injured when a sign fell on him.[23] One city hospital had so many people at it that the Salvation Army sent a truck with water canteens and sandwiches.[13]

Witnesses have said that it was felt in downtown Los Angeles.[3] There were no immediate reports of damage in Los Angeles, but the Los Angeles Fire Department was put on alert. It was reported that some people were stuck in an elevator in Disneyland, Anaheim.[22][25]

3,369 customers in the Yuma, Arizona, area had a "relatively momentary outage" from the quake, said Arizona Public Service Company spokesman Don Wool, "but most were back in service shortly afterward".[26] The quake was also felt in Phoenix, Arizona.[20]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b PAGER - M 7.2 - 39.0 mi SSE of Calexico, CA
  2. ^ a b c d "Two killed, 100 injured in Mexican earthquake". CNN. 2010-04-05. Diakses tanggal 2010-04-04. 
  3. ^ a b "Strong 6.9 quake jolts Baja California, Mexico". Yahoo.com. 2010-04-04. Diakses tanggal 2010-04-04. 
  4. ^ "M7.2 – Baja California, Mexico". United States Geological Survey. 2010-04-04. Diakses tanggal 2010-04-04. 
  5. ^ http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-fg-quake5-2010apr05,0,5085245.story
  6. ^ a b "One death reported in Baja quake". Los Angeles Times. 2010-04-04. Diakses tanggal 2010-04-04. 
  7. ^ a b Chang, Alicia (2010-04-04). "Big Baja quake came from 'chaotic' fault system". San Jose Mercury News. Diakses tanggal 2010-04-04. 
  8. ^ http://rotativo.com.mx/nacionales/el_sismo_se_esperaba_hace_tiempo_experto/883,33,29404,html
  9. ^ http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-fg-quake5-2010apr05,0,5085245.story
  10. ^ "Magnitude 5.2 - BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO". United States Geological Survey. Diakses tanggal 2010-05-04. 
  11. ^ "Magnitude 5.4 - BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO". United States Geological Survey. Diakses tanggal 2010-05-04. 
  12. ^ "Magnitude 5.1 - SONORA, MEXICO". United States Geological Survey. Diakses tanggal 2010-05-04. 
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h "7.2-magnitude quake shakes San Diego region". San Diego Union Tribune. 2010-04-04. Diakses tanggal 2010-04-04. 
  14. ^ "90+ aftershocks in Mexico-California region after strong quake". Digital Journal. 2010-04-04. Diakses tanggal 2010-04-04. 
  15. ^ "Elevan a 7.2 grados Richter temblor en BC". Notimex (dalam bahasa Spanish). El Universal. 2010-04-04. Diakses tanggal 2010-04-04. 
  16. ^ a b c "Earthquake shakes Pacific coast". CNN.com. CNN. 2010-04-04. Diakses tanggal 2010-04-04. 
  17. ^ "Magnitude 7.2 Quake Hits Baja, Mexico, Shakes L.A. (Update3)". Bloomberg L.P. Bloomberg BusinessWeek. 2010-04-04. Diakses tanggal 2010-04-04. 
  18. ^ "Reportan un muerto por sismo de 7.2 en BC". Notimex (dalam bahasa Spanish). El Universal. 2010-04-04. 
  19. ^ "Mexico Earthquake 2010: 7.2 Quake Hits Baja California, Shakes Los Angeles". Associated Press. The Huffington Post. 2010-04-04. Diakses tanggal 2010-04-04. 
  20. ^ a b c d e "Magnitude 7.2 Earthquake Reported in Baja California". Fox News. 2010-04-04. Diakses tanggal 2010-04-04. 
  21. ^ "7.2 Earthquake Shakes San Diego Region". KPBS Media Group. 2010-04-04. Diakses tanggal 2010-04-04. 
  22. ^ a b Vives, Ruben, Shelby Grad (2010-04-04). "6.9 earthquake strikes Baja California; Los Angeles rattled". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times blogspot. Diakses tanggal 2010-04-04. 
  23. ^ a b c "ImperialValleyPressOnline". Imperial Valley Press. 2010-04-04. Diakses tanggal 2010-04-04. 
  24. ^ http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-fg-quake5-2010apr05,0,5085245.story?page=2
  25. ^ Steinhauer, Jennifer (2010-04-04). "Strong Mexico Quake Shakes Buildings and Nerves in California". The New York Times. NY Times. Diakses tanggal 2010-04-04. 
  26. ^ "Baja California Earthquake Felt in Arizona". Associated Press. My FOX Phoenix. 2010-04-04. Diakses tanggal 2010-04-04. 
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