Gizi dan kehamilan: Perbedaan antara revisi
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan |
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan |
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Baris 28: | Baris 28: | ||
|3 |
|3 |
||
|- |
|- |
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|Jumlah kalori |
|||
| |
|||
|Sumber |
|Sumber |
||
|1.800 |
|1.800 |
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Baris 409: | Baris 409: | ||
== Gizi setelah masa kehamilan == |
== Gizi setelah masa kehamilan == |
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{| class="wikitable" |
|||
|+Target Gizi Harian untuk Wanita Menyusui |
|||
! colspan="2" rowspan="4" |Makronutrien, mineral, dan Vitamin |
|||
! colspan="6" |Kelompok usia (tahun) |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan="2" |14-18 |
|||
| colspan="2" |19-30 |
|||
| colspan="2" |31-50 |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan="6" |Bulan pasca-bersalin |
|||
|- |
|||
|0-6 |
|||
|7-12 |
|||
|0-6 |
|||
|7-12 |
|||
|0-6 |
|||
|7-12 |
|||
|- |
|||
|Jumlah kalori |
|||
|Sumber |
|||
|2.200 |
|||
|2.200 |
|||
|2.400 |
|||
|2.400 |
|||
|2.200 |
|||
|2.200 |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan="8" |'''Makronutrien''' |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Protein]] (% [[Kalori|kkal]]) |
|||
|AMDR |
|||
|10-30 |
|||
|10-30 |
|||
|10-35 |
|||
|10-35 |
|||
|10-35 |
|||
|10-35 |
|||
|- |
|||
|Protein (gram) |
|||
|RDA |
|||
|71 |
|||
|71 |
|||
|71 |
|||
|71 |
|||
|71 |
|||
|71 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Karbohidrat]] (% kkal) |
|||
|AMDR |
|||
|45-65 |
|||
|45-65 |
|||
|45-65 |
|||
|45-65 |
|||
|45-65 |
|||
|45-65 |
|||
|- |
|||
|Karbohidrat ([[gram]]) |
|||
|RDA |
|||
|210 |
|||
|210 |
|||
|210 |
|||
|210 |
|||
|210 |
|||
|210 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Serat pangan|Serat]] (gram) |
|||
|14 gr/1.000 kkal |
|||
|31 |
|||
|31 |
|||
|34 |
|||
|34 |
|||
|31 |
|||
|31 |
|||
|- |
|||
|Tambahan [[gula]] (% kkal) |
|||
|DGA |
|||
|<10 |
|||
|<10 |
|||
|<10 |
|||
|<10 |
|||
|<10 |
|||
|<10 |
|||
|- |
|||
|Total [[lemak]] (% kkal) |
|||
|AMDR |
|||
|25-35 |
|||
|25-35 |
|||
|20-35 |
|||
|20-35 |
|||
|20-35 |
|||
|20-35 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Asam lemak jenuh]] (% kkal) |
|||
|DGA |
|||
|<10 |
|||
|<10 |
|||
|<10 |
|||
|<10 |
|||
|<10 |
|||
|<10 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Asam linoleat]] (gram) |
|||
|AI |
|||
|13 |
|||
|13 |
|||
|13 |
|||
|13 |
|||
|13 |
|||
|13 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Asam linolenat]] (gram) |
|||
|AI |
|||
|1,3 |
|||
|1,3 |
|||
|1,3 |
|||
|1,3 |
|||
|1,3 |
|||
|1,3 |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan="8" |'''Mineral''' |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Kalsium]] ([[Miligram|mg]]) |
|||
|RDA |
|||
|1.300 |
|||
|1.300 |
|||
|1.000 |
|||
|1.000 |
|||
|1.000 |
|||
|1.000 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Zat besi]] (mg) |
|||
|RDA |
|||
|10 |
|||
|10 |
|||
|9 |
|||
|9 |
|||
|9 |
|||
|9 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Magnesium]] (mg) |
|||
|RDA |
|||
|360 |
|||
|360 |
|||
|310 |
|||
|310 |
|||
|320 |
|||
|320 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Fosfor]] (mg) |
|||
|RDA |
|||
|1.250 |
|||
|1.250 |
|||
|700 |
|||
|700 |
|||
|700 |
|||
|700 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Kalium|Potasium/kalium]] (mg) |
|||
|AI |
|||
|2.500 |
|||
|2.500 |
|||
|2.800 |
|||
|2.800 |
|||
|2.800 |
|||
|2.800 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Natrium|Sodium/natrium]] (mg) |
|||
|CDRR |
|||
|2.300 |
|||
|2.300 |
|||
|2.300 |
|||
|2.300 |
|||
|2.300 |
|||
|2.300 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Seng]] (mg) |
|||
|RDA |
|||
|13 |
|||
|13 |
|||
|12 |
|||
|12 |
|||
|12 |
|||
|12 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Iodin]] ([[Mikrogram|mcg]]) |
|||
|RDA |
|||
|290 |
|||
|290 |
|||
|290 |
|||
|290 |
|||
|290 |
|||
|290 |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan="8" |'''Vitamin''' |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Vitamin A]] (mcg RAE) |
|||
|RDA |
|||
|1.200 |
|||
|1.200 |
|||
|1.300 |
|||
|1.300 |
|||
|1.300 |
|||
|1.300 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Vitamin E]] (mg AT) |
|||
|RDA |
|||
|19 |
|||
|19 |
|||
|19 |
|||
|19 |
|||
|19 |
|||
|19 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Vitamin D]] (IU) |
|||
|RDA |
|||
|600 |
|||
|600 |
|||
|600 |
|||
|600 |
|||
|600 |
|||
|600 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Vitamin C]] (mg) |
|||
|RDA |
|||
|115 |
|||
|115 |
|||
|120 |
|||
|120 |
|||
|120 |
|||
|120 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Tiamina]] (mg) |
|||
|RDA |
|||
|1,4 |
|||
|1,4 |
|||
|1,4 |
|||
|1,4 |
|||
|1,4 |
|||
|1,4 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Riboflavin]] (mg) |
|||
|RDA |
|||
|1.6 |
|||
|1.6 |
|||
|1.6 |
|||
|1.6 |
|||
|1,6 |
|||
|1,6 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Niasin]] (mg) |
|||
|RDA |
|||
|17 |
|||
|17 |
|||
|17 |
|||
|17 |
|||
|17 |
|||
|17 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Vitamin B6]] (mg) |
|||
|RDA |
|||
|2 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Vitamin B12]] (mcg) |
|||
|RDA |
|||
|2,8 |
|||
|2,8 |
|||
|2,8 |
|||
|2,8 |
|||
|2,8 |
|||
|2,8 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Kolina]] (mg) |
|||
|AI |
|||
|550 |
|||
|550 |
|||
|550 |
|||
|550 |
|||
|550 |
|||
|550 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Vitamin K]] (mcg) |
|||
|AI |
|||
|75 |
|||
|75 |
|||
|90 |
|||
|90 |
|||
|90 |
|||
|90 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Asam folat]] (mcg DFE) |
|||
|RDA |
|||
|500 |
|||
|500 |
|||
|500 |
|||
|500 |
|||
|500 |
|||
|500 |
|||
|} |
|||
== Referensi == |
== Referensi == |
||
<references /> |
<references /> |
Revisi per 15 Januari 2022 18.35
Gizi dan kehamilan merujuk kepada asupan gizi dan perencanaan pola makan sebelum, selama dan setelah kehamilan.[1][2]
Gizi sebelum masa kehamilan
Gizi selama masa kehamilan
Makronutrien, mineral, dan Vitamin | Kelompok usia (tahun) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
14-18 | 19-30 | 31-50 | ||||||||
Trimester | ||||||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||
Jumlah kalori | Sumber | 1.800 | 2.200 | 2.400 | 2.000 | 2.400 | 2.600 | 1.800 | 2.200 | 2.400 |
Makronutrien | ||||||||||
Protein (% kkal) | AMDR1 | 10-30 | 10-30 | 10-30 | 10-35 | 10-35 | 10-35 | 10-35 | 10-35 | 10-35 |
Protein (gram) | RDA2 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 |
Karbohidrat (% kkal) | AMDR | 45-65 | 45-65 | 45-65 | 45-65 | 45-65 | 45-65 | 45-65 | 45-65 | 45-65 |
Karbohidrat (gram) | RDA | 175 | 175 | 175 | 175 | 175 | 175 | 175 | 175 | 175 |
Serat (gram) | 14 gr/1.000 kkal | 25 | 31 | 34 | 28 | 34 | 36 | 25 | 31 | 34 |
Tambahan gula (% kkal) | DGA3 | <10 | <10 | <10 | <10 | <10 | <10 | <10 | <10 | <10 |
Total lemak (% kkal) | AMDR | 25-35 | 25-35 | 25-35 | 20-35 | 20-35 | 20-35 | 20-35 | 20-35 | 20-35 |
Asam lemak jenuh (% kkal) | DGA | <10 | <10 | <10 | <10 | <10 | <10 | <10 | <10 | <10 |
Asam linoleat (gram) | AI4 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
Asam linolenat (gram) | AI | 1,4 | 1,4 | 1,4 | 1,4 | 1,4 | 1,4 | 1,4 | 1,4 | 1,4 |
Mineral | ||||||||||
Kalsium (mg) | RDA | 1.300 | 1.300 | 1.300 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
Zat besi (mg) | RDA | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 |
Magnesium (mg) | RDA | 400 | 400 | 400 | 350 | 350 | 350 | 360 | 360 | 360 |
Fosfor (mg) | RDA | 1.250 | 1.250 | 1.250 | 700 | 700 | 700 | 700 | 700 | 700 |
Potasium/kalium (mg) | AI | 2.600 | 2.600 | 2.600 | 2.900 | 2.900 | 2.900 | 2.900 | 2.900 | 2.900 |
Sodium/natrium (mg) | CDRR5 | 2.300 | 2.300 | 2.300 | 2.300 | 2.300 | 2.300 | 2.300 | 2.300 | 2.300 |
Seng (mg) | RDA | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
Iodin (mcg) | RDA | 220 | 220 | 220 | 220 | 220 | 220 | 220 | 220 | 220 |
Vitamin | ||||||||||
Vitamin A (mcg RAE6) | RDA | 750 | 750 | 750 | 770 | 770 | 770 | 770 | 770 | 770 |
Vitamin E (mg AT7) | RDA | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
Vitamin D (IU) | RDA | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 |
Vitamin C (mg) | RDA | 80 | 80 | 80 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 |
Tiamina (mg) | RDA | 1,4 | 1,4 | 1,4 | 1,4 | 1,4 | 1,4 | 1,4 | 1,4 | 1,4 |
Riboflavin (mg) | RDA | 1,4 | 1,4 | 1,4 | 1,4 | 1,4 | 1,4 | 1,4 | 1,4 | 1,4 |
Niasin (mg) | RDA | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 |
Vitamin B6 (mg) | RDA | 1,9 | 1,9 | 1,9 | 1,9 | 1,9 | 1,9 | 1,9 | 1,9 | 1,9 |
Vitamin B12 (mcg) | RDA | 2,6 | 2,6 | 2,6 | 2,6 | 2,6 | 2,6 | 2,6 | 2,6 | 2,6 |
Kolina (mg) | AI | 450 | 450 | 450 | 450 | 450 | 450 | 450 | 450 | 450 |
Vitamin K (mcg) | AI | 75 | 75 | 75 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 |
Asam folat (mcg DFE8) | RDA | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 |
1. AMDR (Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges) atau kisaran distribusi makronutrien yang dapat diterima,[4] 2. RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance) atau angka kecukupan gizi,[4] 3. DGA (Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020-2025) atau pedoman diet orang Amerika untuk tahun 2020-2025,[3] 4. AI (Adequate Intake) atau asupan adekuat,[4] 5. CDRR (Chronic Disease Risk Reduction) atau pengurangan risiko penyakit kronis,[5] 6. RAE (Retinol Activity Equivalents) atau satuan ukuran sediaan vitamin A,[6] 7. AT (Alpha-tocopherol) atau sediaan vitamin E oral ,[7] 8. DFE (Dietary Folate Equivalent) atau angka kecukupan asam folat.[8]
Gizi setelah masa kehamilan
Makronutrien, mineral, dan Vitamin | Kelompok usia (tahun) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
14-18 | 19-30 | 31-50 | |||||
Bulan pasca-bersalin | |||||||
0-6 | 7-12 | 0-6 | 7-12 | 0-6 | 7-12 | ||
Jumlah kalori | Sumber | 2.200 | 2.200 | 2.400 | 2.400 | 2.200 | 2.200 |
Makronutrien | |||||||
Protein (% kkal) | AMDR | 10-30 | 10-30 | 10-35 | 10-35 | 10-35 | 10-35 |
Protein (gram) | RDA | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 |
Karbohidrat (% kkal) | AMDR | 45-65 | 45-65 | 45-65 | 45-65 | 45-65 | 45-65 |
Karbohidrat (gram) | RDA | 210 | 210 | 210 | 210 | 210 | 210 |
Serat (gram) | 14 gr/1.000 kkal | 31 | 31 | 34 | 34 | 31 | 31 |
Tambahan gula (% kkal) | DGA | <10 | <10 | <10 | <10 | <10 | <10 |
Total lemak (% kkal) | AMDR | 25-35 | 25-35 | 20-35 | 20-35 | 20-35 | 20-35 |
Asam lemak jenuh (% kkal) | DGA | <10 | <10 | <10 | <10 | <10 | <10 |
Asam linoleat (gram) | AI | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
Asam linolenat (gram) | AI | 1,3 | 1,3 | 1,3 | 1,3 | 1,3 | 1,3 |
Mineral | |||||||
Kalsium (mg) | RDA | 1.300 | 1.300 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
Zat besi (mg) | RDA | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
Magnesium (mg) | RDA | 360 | 360 | 310 | 310 | 320 | 320 |
Fosfor (mg) | RDA | 1.250 | 1.250 | 700 | 700 | 700 | 700 |
Potasium/kalium (mg) | AI | 2.500 | 2.500 | 2.800 | 2.800 | 2.800 | 2.800 |
Sodium/natrium (mg) | CDRR | 2.300 | 2.300 | 2.300 | 2.300 | 2.300 | 2.300 |
Seng (mg) | RDA | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
Iodin (mcg) | RDA | 290 | 290 | 290 | 290 | 290 | 290 |
Vitamin | |||||||
Vitamin A (mcg RAE) | RDA | 1.200 | 1.200 | 1.300 | 1.300 | 1.300 | 1.300 |
Vitamin E (mg AT) | RDA | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 |
Vitamin D (IU) | RDA | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 |
Vitamin C (mg) | RDA | 115 | 115 | 120 | 120 | 120 | 120 |
Tiamina (mg) | RDA | 1,4 | 1,4 | 1,4 | 1,4 | 1,4 | 1,4 |
Riboflavin (mg) | RDA | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1,6 | 1,6 |
Niasin (mg) | RDA | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 |
Vitamin B6 (mg) | RDA | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Vitamin B12 (mcg) | RDA | 2,8 | 2,8 | 2,8 | 2,8 | 2,8 | 2,8 |
Kolina (mg) | AI | 550 | 550 | 550 | 550 | 550 | 550 |
Vitamin K (mcg) | AI | 75 | 75 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 |
Asam folat (mcg DFE) | RDA | 500 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 500 |
Referensi
- ^ Levine, Hallie (21 Oktober 2020). Jain, Tarun, ed. "The Prepregnancy Diet: What to Eat When You're Trying to Get Pregnant". What to Expect. Diakses tanggal 14 januari 2022.
- ^ "Maternal nutrition". www.unicef.org. Diakses tanggal 13 Januari 2022.
- ^ a b "Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025 and Online Materials | Dietary Guidelines for Americans". www.dietaryguidelines.gov. Diakses tanggal 2022-01-15.
- ^ a b c Liao, Sharon (Juli 2021). "Guide to AMDR: Macronutrient Ranges and Recommendations". www.weightwatchers.com. Diakses tanggal 15 Januari 2022.
- ^ "Significantly Lowered Sodium and Potassium DRIs Put Forward by US Science Bodies". nutritioninsight.com. 6 Maret 2019. Diakses tanggal 15 Januari 2022.
- ^ "Retinol Activity Equivalent". Oxford Reference. doi:10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100416783. Diakses tanggal 15 Januari 2022.
- ^ "Vitamin E". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Diakses tanggal 15 Januari 2022.
- ^ "Dietary Folate Equivalents". Oxford Reference. doi:10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095717509. Diakses tanggal 15 Januari 2022.
Daftar Pustaka
- Isa, Ahmad; Hairunnisa, Anita (2015). Ensiklopedia Kehamilan Panduan Lengkap Hamil Sehat. Yogyakarta: Familia. ISBN 9786023100767.
- Siswosuharjo, Suwignyo; Chakrawati, Fitria (2010). Panduan Super Lengkap Hamil Sehat. Jakarta: Penebar Plus. ISBN 9786028661256.
- Fauziah, Siti; Sutejoooooo, Ns. (2012). Buku Ajar Keperawatan Maternitas Kehamilan. Jakarta: Prenada Media Grup. ISBN 9786024225599.
- Maita, Liva; Saputri, Eka Maya; Husanah, Een (April 2019). Gizi Kesehatan pada Masa Reproduksi. Yogyakarta: Deepublish. ISBN 9786232095762.
- Ahmadi, Feri (2019). Kehamilan, Janin, dan Nutrisi. Yogyakarta: Deepublish. ISBN 9786230202636.
- Aritonang, Evawany (2010). Kebutuhan Gizi Ibu Hamil. Bogor: IPB Press. ISBN 9786024403515.
- Indiarti, M.T. (2019). Panduang Lengkap A-Z Kehamilan, Persalinan, dan Perawatan Bayi. Temanggung: Desa Pustaka Indonesia. ISBN 9786232380707.