Hak pemulangan Palestina
Hak pemulangan Palestina adalah sebuah posisi atau prinsip politik yang menyatakan bahwa para pengungsi Palestina, baik pengungsi generasi pertama (sekitar 30.000 sampai 50.000 orang masih hidup pada 2012)[1][2] dan para keturunan mereka (sekitar 5 juta orang pada 2012),[1] memiliki hak pemulangan, dan hak untuk properti milik mereka sendiri yang ditinggal atau dirampas yang sekarang berada di Israel dan teritorial Palestina (keduanya dulu bagian dari Palestina Mandat Britania), sebagai bagian dari eksodus Palestina 1948, akibat perang Palestina 1948 dan karena Perang Enam Hari 1967.
Dirumuskan untuk pertama kali pada 27 Juni 1948 oleh mediator PBB Folke Bernadotte,[3] para pendukung hak pemulangan menyatakan bahwa ini adalah hak mutlak,[4] serta hak asasi manusia, yang baik secara umum dan khusus dimiliki oleh orang Palestina yang dilindungi di bawah hukum internasional.[5]
Para penentang hak pemulangan menyatakan bahwa tak ada dasarnya dalam hukum internasional dan bahwa ini adalah sebuah tuntutan yang tak realistis.[6] Pemerintah Israel dan memandang pemulangan para pengungsi Palestina ke bekas rumah mereka di Israel sebagai sebuah hak, namun lebih sebagai masalah politik yang dituntaskan sebagai bagian dari penetapan perdamaian akhir.[7][8]
Catatan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ a b "U.S. State Department Affirms Support for 5 Million 'Palestinian Refugees'". The Algemeiner. 30 May 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-05-11. Diakses tanggal 31 May 2012.
[U.S.] Deputy Secretary of State Tom Nides (..) affirmed the State Department's view on the number of Palestinian refugees (..) that the UN and Works Agency for Palestinian Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) "provides essential services for approximately 5 million refugees," (..) Middle East Forum founder Daniel Pipes recently noted in an op-ed for Israel Hayom that only 1 percent of the refugees served by UNRWA fit the agency's definition of "people whose normal place of residence was Palestine between June 1946 and May 1948, who lost both their homes and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 Arab-Israeli conflict." The other 99 percent are descendants of refugees.
- ^ "According to the United Nations Relief and Works Agency – the main body tasked with providing assistance to Palestinian refugees – there are more than 5 million refugees at present. However, the number of Palestinians alive who were personally displaced during Israel's War of Independence is estimated to be around 30,000."US Senate dramatically scales down definition of Palestinian 'refugees' Diarsipkan 2023-02-22 di Wayback Machine.
- ^ Howard Adelman; Elazar Barkan (2011). No Return, No Refuge: Rites and Rights in Minority Repatriation. Columbia University Press. hlm. 203. ISBN 978-0-231-15336-2.
As indicated earlier, the formulation of the right of return first appeared in Count Bernadotte's proposal of 27 June 1948... Bernadotte, who can correctly be viewed as the father of the right to return... But the murder of Bernadotte froze any further discussions on formulating a policy of resettlement.
- ^ "Hamas: Right of return 'sacred'". April 22, 2007. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal January 20, 2016.
- ^ Text at WikiSource.
- ^ Michael Sharnoff (October 2008). "Palestinian 'Right of Return' is not 'Inalienable'". Jewish Policy Center. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-10-03. Diakses tanggal 2011-03-25.
- ^ "Do Palestinian Refugees Have a Right to Return to Israel". Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. January 15, 2001. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-04-08. Diakses tanggal 2021-06-01.
- ^ "Israel News - Online Israeli News Covering Israel & The Jewish World …". 8 July 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 8 July 2012.
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Bowker, Robert P. G. (2003). Palestinian Refugees: Mythology, Identity, and the Search for Peace. Lynne Rienner Publishers. ISBN 1-58826-202-2.
- Gelber, Yoav (2006). Palestine 1948. Sussex Academic Press. ISBN 1-84519-075-0.
- Gerteiny, Alfred G. (2007). The terrorist conjunction: the United States, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and al-Qā'ida. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-99643-7.
- Khalidi, Walid (1959). Why Did the Palestinians Leave? Middle East Forum, July 1959. Reprinted as 'Why Did the Palestinians Leave Revisited', 2005, Journal of Palestine Studies, XXXIV, No. 2., pp. 42–54.
- Kimmerling, Baruch (2003). Politicide: Ariel Sharon's war against the Palestinians
. Verso. hlm. 23. ISBN 978-1-85984-517-2. ethnic cleansing palestinians.
- McDowall, David (1989). Palestine and Israel: The Uprising and Beyond. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1-85043-289-9.
- Morris, Benny (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-00967-7
- Pomerance, Michla (1982). Self-Determination in Law and Practice: The New Doctrine in the United States. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN 90-247-2594-1
- Schulz, Helena Lindholm (2003). The Palestinian Diaspora. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-26820-6
- Yiftachel, Oren (2006). Ethnocracy: land and identity politics in Israel/Palestine, Part 797 (edisi ke-Illustrated). University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-3927-0.
- Zilbershats, Yaffa (2007). "International Law and the Palestinian Right of Return to the State of Israel". Dalam Eyal Benvenisti, Chaim Gans and Sari Hanafi. Israel and the Palestinian refugees. Springer Publishers. hlm. 191–218. ISBN 978-3-540-68160-1.
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Al Awda Diarsipkan 2023-07-05 di Wayback Machine., The Palestinian Right to Return Coalition.
- Right of return: Palestinian dream? Diarsipkan 2022-03-05 di Wayback Machine., BBC News Online.
- VIDEO: Muhammad Jaradat and Eitan Bronstein - "Acknowledging the Past; Imagining the Future: Israelis and Palestinians on 1948 and the Right of Return" Diarsipkan 2011-05-20 di Wayback Machine., April 1, 2008, Portland, Oregon. Eitan Bronstein of the Jewish Israeli group, Zochrot, and Muhammad Jaradat of the Badil Resource Center for Palestinian Residency and Refugees' Rights.