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[[File:Bhutan Gross National Happiness.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|right|Slogan mengenai Kebahagiaan Nasional Bruto di Sekolah Thimphu Kesenian Tradisional]]
[[Berkas:Bhutan Gross National Happiness.jpg|jmpl|upright=1.2|ka|Slogan mengenai Kebahagiaan Nasional Bruto di Sekolah Kesenian Tradisional Thimphu]]
'''Kebahagiaan Nasional Bruto''' ('''KNB''') adalah suatu pengukuran kebahagiaan kolektif dalam suatu bangsa.
'''Kebahagiaan Nasional Bruto''' ('''KNB''') ([[bahasa Inggris]]: '''''Gross National Happiness''''', '''GNH''') adalah suatu pengukuran kebahagiaan kolektif dalam suatu bangsa.


==Sejarah==
== Sejarah ==
=== Asal usul ===
=== Asal usul ===
Pada tahun 1970-an, [[Negara berkembang|negera-negara berkembang]] berfokus pada meningkatkan kesuksesan ekonomi untuk membantu mengembangkan [[kemakmuran]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=AuzQDQAAQBAJ|title=Gross National Happiness: Why Happiness Matters for America--and how We Can Get More of it|last=Brooks|first=Arthur C.|date=2008-01-01|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=0465002781|language=en}}</ref> Namun, [[Daftar penguasa Bhutan|Raja]] [[Bhutan]], [[Jigme Singye Wangchuck]], percaya suatu pbelieved an economic approach dehumanized the development process.<ref name=":0" /> Wangchuck instead decided to focus on a concept that he called "Gross National Happiness".<ref name=":0" /> In Bhutan, happiness was to be pursued by limiting access to foreign culture.<ref name=":0" /> The success of a country would be measured by its remaining citizens' happiness.<ref name=":0" />
Pada tahun 1970-an, [[Negara berkembang|negera-negara berkembang]] berfokus dalam meningkatkan kesuksesan ekonomi untuk membantu mengembangkan [[kemakmuran]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=AuzQDQAAQBAJ|title=Gross National Happiness: Why Happiness Matters for America--and how We Can Get More of it|last=Brooks|first=Arthur C.|date=2008-01-01|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=0465002781|language=en}}</ref> Namun, [[Daftar Raja Bhutan|Raja]] [[Bhutan]], [[Jigme Singye Wangchuck]], percaya bahwa pendekatan ekonomi membuat proses pembangunan menjadi tidak manusiawi.<ref name=":0" /> Sebagai gantinya, Wangchuck memutuskan untuk fokus pada konsep yang dia namakan "Kebahagiaan Nasional Bruto".<ref name=":0" /> Di Bhutan, kebahagiaan dikejar dengan membatasi akses terhadap kebudayaan asing.<ref name=":0" /> Kesuksesan suatu negara akan diukur dengan kebahagiaan warganya yang ada.<ref name=":0" />


==Referensi==
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Pendapatan Nasional Bruto]]
{{reflist}}

== Referensi ==
=== Catatan kaki ===
{{Reflist|30em}}

=== Kutipan karya ===
{{Refbegin}}
* Adler Braun, Alejandro. ''Gross National Happiness in Bhutan: A Living Example of an Alternative Approach to Progress,'' 24 September 2009. http://www.grossnationalhappiness.com/OtherArticles/GNHPaperbyAlejandro.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711131425/http://www.grossnationalhappiness.com/OtherArticles/GNHPaperbyAlejandro.pdf |date=2011-07-11 }}
* Confucious. ''Analects'' 13:16. http://ctext.org/analects/zi-lu/
* Diener, Ed and Robert-Biswas Diener. ''Happiness – Unlocking the Mysteries of Psychological Wealth''. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2008. 290 pages. ISBN 978-1-4051-4661-6.
* Eric Zencey, "GDP RIP," New York Times, 9 August 2009 [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/10/opinion/10zencey.html]
* Eric Ezechieli, "Beyond Sustainable Development: Education for Gross National Happiness in Bhutan" http://suse-ice.stanford.edu/monographs/Ezechieli.pdf, Stanford University, 2003
* {{cite journal | last1 = Kammann | first1 = R | year = 1984 | title = The Analysis and Measurement of Happiness as a Sense of Well-Being | url = | journal = [[Social Indicators Research]] | volume = 15 | issue = 2| pages = 91–115 | doi=10.1007/bf00426282}}
* Layard, Richard (2005), ''Happiness: Lessons from a New Science'', Penguin Press, ISBN 0-14-303701-3
* {{cite book |author1=Niestroy, Ingeborg |author2=García Schmidt, Armando |author3=Esche, Andreas |title="Bhutan: Paradigms Matter", in: Bertelsmann Stiftung (ed.): ''Winning Strategies for a Sustainable Future. Reinhard Mohn Prize 2013''. |publisher=Verlag Bertelsmann Stiftung, Gütersloh |year=2013 |isbn=978-3-86793-491-6 |pages=55–80. |URL=http://www.bertelsmann-stiftung.de/cps/rde/xbcr/SID-2C7F153D-E44AA8C0/bst_engl/xcms_bst_dms_38892_39011_2.pdf }}
* Powdyel, T.S. "Gross National Happiness, A Tribute," Gross National Happiness, Kinga, Sonam, et al. (eds) (1999), Thimphu: The Center for Bhutan Studies
* Priesner, Stefan (2004), Indigeneity and Universality in Social Science: A South Asian Response, SAGE Publications, ISBN 0-7619-3215-1
* Thinley, L. (October 1998). Values and Development: "Gross National Happiness." Speech presented at the Millennium Meeting for Asia and the Pacific, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
{{Refend}}

== Pranala luar ==
{{Wikiquote}}
* Nadia Mustafa, [http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1016266,00.html?promoid=rss_top "What About Gross National Happiness?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311193329/http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1016266,00.html?promoid=rss_top |date=2007-03-11 }}, [[Time (magazine)|Time]], 10 January 2005
* [[Rajni Bakshi]], [http://www.alternet.org/envirohealth/21083/ "Gross National Happiness"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725160344/http://www.alternet.org/envirohealth/21083/ |date=2008-07-25 }}, ''Resurgence'', 25 January 2005
* International Institute of Management – US based GHN research, [http://www.iim-edu.org/grossnationalhappiness/ GNH policy white paper]
* Bhutan 2008 [http://2008.bhutan-360.com/2007/11/25/gross-national-happiness/ Paeans to the King] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121215814/http://2008.bhutan-360.com/2007/11/25/gross-national-happiness/ |date=2008-11-21 }}
* [http://www.earth.columbia.edu/sitefiles/file/Sachs%20Writing/2012/World%20Happiness%20Report.pdf World Happiness Report]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2jf9xrnUjpI Bhutan, Gross National Happiness and Sustainable Development – YouTube] (12:31)
* [http://www.gnhindex.org Gross National Happiness Survey, Global] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607164037/http://gnhindex.org/ |date=2013-06-07 }}


[[Kategori:Ekonomi Bhutan]]
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Revisi terkini sejak 3 September 2021 10.27

Slogan mengenai Kebahagiaan Nasional Bruto di Sekolah Kesenian Tradisional Thimphu

Kebahagiaan Nasional Bruto (KNB) (bahasa Inggris: Gross National Happiness, GNH) adalah suatu pengukuran kebahagiaan kolektif dalam suatu bangsa.

Sejarah[sunting | sunting sumber]

Asal usul[sunting | sunting sumber]

Pada tahun 1970-an, negera-negara berkembang berfokus dalam meningkatkan kesuksesan ekonomi untuk membantu mengembangkan kemakmuran.[1] Namun, Raja Bhutan, Jigme Singye Wangchuck, percaya bahwa pendekatan ekonomi membuat proses pembangunan menjadi tidak manusiawi.[1] Sebagai gantinya, Wangchuck memutuskan untuk fokus pada konsep yang dia namakan "Kebahagiaan Nasional Bruto".[1] Di Bhutan, kebahagiaan dikejar dengan membatasi akses terhadap kebudayaan asing.[1] Kesuksesan suatu negara akan diukur dengan kebahagiaan warganya yang ada.[1]

Lihat pula[sunting | sunting sumber]

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Catatan kaki[sunting | sunting sumber]

  1. ^ a b c d e Brooks, Arthur C. (2008-01-01). Gross National Happiness: Why Happiness Matters for America--and how We Can Get More of it (dalam bahasa Inggris). Basic Books. ISBN 0465002781. 

Kutipan karya[sunting | sunting sumber]

Pranala luar[sunting | sunting sumber]

Wikiquote memiliki koleksi kutipan yang berkaitan dengan: Kebahagiaan Nasional Bruto.
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