Kereta api Intercity Express: Perbedaan antara revisi
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[[Berkas: |
[[Berkas:ICE3 hotspot.jpg|thumb|300px|right|ICE train]] |
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'''InterCityExpress''' atau '''ICE''' adalah sejenis [[kereta kecepatan tinggi]] dioperasikan oleh [[DV Fernverkehr]] di [[Jerman]] dan beberapa negara tetangga, contohnya [[Zürich]], [[Swiss]] atau [[Wina]], [[Austria]]. Kereta ICE juga berjalan dengan kecepatan rendah ke [[Amsterdam]], [[Belanda]] dan [[Brussel]], [[Belgia]]. Operator jalur rel Spanyol [[RENFE]] juga menggunakan kereta ini, dan Rusia juga memesan 60 kereta ini untuk melayani rute [[St. Petersburg]] dan [[Moskwa]] (namun, pihak Rusia sepertinya tidak puas dan persetujuannya ditunda). |
'''InterCityExpress''' atau '''ICE''' adalah sejenis [[kereta kecepatan tinggi]] dioperasikan oleh [[DV Fernverkehr]] di [[Jerman]] dan beberapa negara tetangga, contohnya [[Zürich]], [[Swiss]] atau [[Wina]], [[Austria]]. Kereta ICE juga berjalan dengan kecepatan rendah ke [[Amsterdam]], [[Belanda]] dan [[Brussel]], [[Belgia]]. Operator jalur rel Spanyol [[RENFE]] juga menggunakan kereta ini, dan Rusia juga memesan 60 kereta ini untuk melayani rute [[St. Petersburg]] dan [[Moskwa]] (namun, pihak Rusia sepertinya tidak puas dan persetujuannya ditunda). |
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== Perlengkapan dan spesifikasi == |
== Perlengkapan dan spesifikasi == |
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[[Berkas:ICE-3-frankfurt.jpg|thumb|250px|right|"Frankfurt am Main" generasi ke-3 ICE |
[[Berkas:ICE-3-frankfurt.jpg|thumb|250px|right|"Frankfurt am Main" generasi ke-3 ICE]] |
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Perlengkapan ICE diproduksi oleh konsorsium industri yang dipimpin oleh [[Siemens AG]]. |
Perlengkapan ICE diproduksi oleh konsorsium industri yang dipimpin oleh [[Siemens AG]]. |
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| ICE-S || prototipe || 410.1 || 13,600 {{br}}(2*4,800 + 8*500) || 393 || n/a || 1996 || S: ''Schnellfahrten'' (kereta cepat) |
| ICE-S || prototipe || 410.1 || 13,600 {{br}}(2*4,800 + 8*500) || 393 || n/a || 1996 || S: ''Schnellfahrten'' (kereta cepat) |
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| ICE 3 || generasi ke-3 || 403{{br}}406 || 8,000{{br}}(16*500) || 368 || 300 (licensed for 330)|| 2000 || pendahulu [[AVE]] ''Velaro E'' di Spanyol (350 |
| ICE 3 || generasi ke-3 || 403{{br}}406 || 8,000{{br}}(16*500) || 368 || 300 (licensed for 330)|| 2000 || pendahulu [[AVE]] ''Velaro E'' di Spanyol (350 km/j) |
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|ICE-T || tilting train, 7 gerbong || 411 || 4,000{{br}}(8*500) || 253 || 230 || 1998 || - |
|ICE-T || tilting train, 7 gerbong || 411 || 4,000{{br}}(8*500) || 253 || 230 || 1998 || - |
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The initial development of the ICE was somewhat controversial, due to the existence of the French [[TGV]], which had already been in operation. Arguably, the Deutsche Bahn/German state could have bought TGV technology or trains. Proponents of the decision to go ahead and develop the ICE contend that the ICE is technologically superior, and that the development of such technology by German companies was an important investment in the future of a German high-tech industry and knowledge economy. |
The initial development of the ICE was somewhat controversial, due to the existence of the French [[TGV]], which had already been in operation. Arguably, the Deutsche Bahn/German state could have bought TGV technology or trains. Proponents of the decision to go ahead and develop the ICE contend that the ICE is technologically superior, and that the development of such technology by German companies was an important investment in the future of a German high-tech industry and knowledge economy. |
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Critics argue that the project was a waste of tax payers' money, since such a similar end product could have been bought "[[off the shelf]]" (referring to the option of buying TGV trains). There were also claims that it was a [[nationalist]] exercise, and that the go-ahead for ICE development constituted the then German government subsidizing certain large companies. |
Critics argue that the project was a waste of tax payers' money, since such a similar end product could have been bought "[[off the shelf]]" (referring to the option of buying TGV trains). There were also claims that it was a [[nationalist]] exercise, and that the go-ahead for ICE development constituted the then German government subsidizing certain large companies. |
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This argument, however, subsided and the ICE has persevered to provide a large scale, nationwide service in Germany. |
This argument, however, subsided and the ICE has persevered to provide a large scale, nationwide service in Germany. |
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== Pranala luar == |
== Pranala luar == |
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* [http://www.railfaneurope.net/ice/ice.html ICE fan site (in English)] |
* [http://www.railfaneurope.net/ice/ice.html ICE fan site (in English)] |
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* [http://www.ice-fanpage.de/ German ICE fan site (in German)] |
* [http://www.ice-fanpage.de/ German ICE fan site (in German)] |
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{{Link FA|ru}} |
{{Link FA|ru}} |
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{{Link GA|de}} |
{{Link GA|de}} |
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{{Link GA|zh}} |
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Revisi per 6 Maret 2015 17.27
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 ICE 3 trainset near Ingolstadt | |
| Ikhtisar | |
|---|---|
| Lokal | Jerman, Belanda, Belgia, Austria, Swiss, Denmark, Rusia, Perancis |
| Teknis | |
| Lebar sepur | 1.435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) |
| Lain-lain | |
| Situs web | bahn.com |
InterCityExpress atau ICE adalah sejenis kereta kecepatan tinggi dioperasikan oleh DV Fernverkehr di Jerman dan beberapa negara tetangga, contohnya Zürich, Swiss atau Wina, Austria. Kereta ICE juga berjalan dengan kecepatan rendah ke Amsterdam, Belanda dan Brussel, Belgia. Operator jalur rel Spanyol RENFE juga menggunakan kereta ini, dan Rusia juga memesan 60 kereta ini untuk melayani rute St. Petersburg dan Moskwa (namun, pihak Rusia sepertinya tidak puas dan persetujuannya ditunda).
Perlengkapan dan spesifikasi
Perlengkapan ICE diproduksi oleh konsorsium industri yang dipimpin oleh Siemens AG.
Kereta ICE membutuhkan rel khusus kecepatan-tinggi untuk berlari dengan kecepatan tinggi, namun dapat juga menggunakan rel biasa dengan kecepatan biasa juga.
| Nama | Perlengkapan | Kelas | Tenaga mesin max. (kW) | Kecepatan tes max. (km/j) | Kecepatan max. dalam pelayanan biasa (km/j) | Diperkenalkan | Komentar |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICE-V | prototipe InterCityExperimental |
410 | 8,400 (2*4,200) |
406.9 | n/a | 1985 | V: Versuchszug (kereta uji) pensiun pada 1998 |
| ICE 1 | generasi ke-1 | 401 | 9.600 (2*4.800) |
328 | 280 | 1991 | - |
| ICE 2 | generasi ke-2 | 402 | 4,800 | 310 | 280 | 1996 | setengah-panjang 1, dua satuan dapat digabung |
| ICE-S | prototipe | 410.1 | 13,600 (2*4,800 + 8*500) |
393 | n/a | 1996 | S: Schnellfahrten (kereta cepat) |
| ICE 3 | generasi ke-3 | 403 406 |
8,000 (16*500) |
368 | 300 (licensed for 330) | 2000 | pendahulu AVE Velaro E di Spanyol (350 km/j) |
| ICE-T | tilting train, 7 gerbong | 411 | 4,000 (8*500) |
253 | 230 | 1998 | - |
| ICE-T | tilting train, 5 gerbong | 415 | 3,000 (4*750) |
253 | 230 | 1998 | - |
| ICE-TD | tilting train, Diesel | 605 | 2,240 (4*560) |
222 | 200 | 2001 | kembali ke Siemens tahun 2003 |