Kirkuk: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Kirkuk''' ([[bahasa Arab]]: كركوك, ''Kirkūk'') merupakan [[kota]] yang terletak di [[Irak]] bagian timur. Penduduknya berjumlah 601.000 jiwa ([[2005]]). |
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{{Infobox settlement |
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| official_name = Kirkuk |
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| native_name = {{lang|ar|كركوك}} |
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| settlement_type = Kota |
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| image_skyline = Kirkuk_citadel.jpg |
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| image_caption = Istana Kirkuk |
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| pushpin_map = Iraq |
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| pushpin_label_position = left |
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| pushpin_relief = yes |
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| pushpin_mapsize = |
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location within Iraq |
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| coordinates = {{coord|35|28|0|N|44|19|0|E|type:city_region:IQ|display=inline,title}} |
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| subdivision_type = Country |
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| subdivision_name = {{flag|Iraq}} |
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| subdivision_type3 = Governorate |
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| subdivision_name3 = [[Kegubernuran Kirkuk|Kirkuk]] |
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| established_title = |
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| established_date = |
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| government_type = |
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| elevation_footnotes = |
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| elevation_m = 350 |
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| population_total = 850 787 |
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| population_as_of = 2009 Est. |
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| population_footnotes =<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=1104352975&men=gpro&lng=en&des=wg&geo=-105&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&pt=c&va=&geo=451714439 |title=World Gazetteer |accessdate=2009-01-26 |publisher=World Gazetteer |date=26 January 2009 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130209160520/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=1104352975&men=gpro&lng=en&des=wg&geo=-105&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&pt=c&va=&geo=451714439 |archivedate=9 February 2013 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}</ref> |
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| population_density_km2 = |
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| population_density_sq_mi = |
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| population_note = |
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| subdivision = |
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| timezone = GMT +3 |
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| utc_offset = |
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| utc_offset_DST = |
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}} |
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'''Kirkuk''' ({{lang-ar|كركوك}} ''{{transl|ar|Karkūk}}''; {{lang-ku|کەرکووک}} ''{{transl|ku|Kerkûk}}''; {{lang-tr|Kerkük}}) adalah kota di [[Kegubernuran Kirkuk]], [[Irak]], 238 km di utara [[Bagdad]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.daftlogic.com/projects-google-maps-distance-calculator.htm |title=Google Maps Distance Calculator |publisher=Daftlogic.com |date=12 January 2013 |accessdate=2013-03-26}}</ref> |
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<!--[[File:Misaki-milli.jpg|frame|left|Misak-ı Milli]]--> |
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Pada abad ke-20 terjadi perubahan [[demografi]] yang disebabkan [[urbanisasi]] besar-besaran yang menghasilkan kelompok-kelompok etnis yang berbeda.<ref name="Group Identities">Bet-Shlimon, Arbella. 2012. [http://juh.sagepub.com/content/38/5/914.abstract Group Identities, Oil, and the Local Political Domain in Kirkuk: A Historical Perspective]. Journal of Urban History 38, no. 5.</ref> [[Orang Kurdi]], [[Turkmen Irak]], [[Bangsa Arab|orang Arab]], dan [[orang Asiria]] mengakui Kirkuk sebagai milik mereka, dan masing-masing [[etnis]] memiliki catatan sejarah dan keturunan yang memperkuat klaim mereka.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kirkuk|url=http://citiesintransition.net/fct-cities/kirkuk/#|agency=Cities in transition}}</ref> Turkmen Irak menganggap Kirkuk sebagai ibu kota dari [[Turkmeneli]].{{sfn|Ezzat|2012|page=1}} |
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Kota ini berada di atas reruntuhan [[Istana Kirkuk]], yang merupakan lokasi kota [[Arrapha]], kota kuno [[Assyria]] pada abad ke-3 sebelum masehi,<ref>The Cambridge Ancient History – Page 17 by John Boardman</ref> di dekat [[sungai Khasa]]. Kota ini sudah disebutkan pada masa [[Babilonia]] Assyria, pada [[aksara paku]] dari 2400 sebelum masehi.<ref name="William Gordon East 1961">William Gordon East, Oskar Hermann Khristian Spate (1961). ''The Changing Map of Asia: A Political Geography'', 436 pages, p: 105</ref> |
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== Referensi == |
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* {{cite book|last1=Anderson|first1=Liam|last2=Stansfield|first2=Gareth|title=Crisis in Kirkuk: The Ethnopolitics of Conflict and Compromise|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MqXyFmFSlTgC|year=2011|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|isbn=0-8122-0604-5}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Bosworth|first=|title=The Encyclopaedia of Islam Vol. V|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xJY3AAAAIAAJ|year=1954|publisher=Brill|isbn=90-04-06056-1|pages=144–147}} |
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* {{cite book|last1=Edwards|first1=I. E. S.|last2=Gadd|first2=C. J.|last3=Hammond|first3=N. G. L.|title=The Cambridge Ancient History: Vol. 1, pt. 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=64hz8vbtVaQC|accessdate=3 January 2013|year=1991|publisher=Cambridge University Press}} |
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* {{cite book|title=The Cambridge Ancient History: Vol. 1, part 2|last1=Edwards|first1=Iorwerth Eiddon Stephen|last2=Charlesworth|first2=Martin Percival|last3=Boardman|first3=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HPPgAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=3 January 2013|year=1970|publisher=Cambridge University Press}} |
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== Catatan kaki == |
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{{reflist}} |
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⚫ | |||
[[Kategori:Kota di Irak]] |
[[Kategori:Kota di Irak]] |
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[[ar:كركوك]] |
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⚫ | |||
[[da:Kirkuk]] |
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[[de:Kirkuk]] |
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[[en:Kirkuk]] |
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[[eo:Kirkuk]] |
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[[es:Kirkuk]] |
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[[fa:کرکوک]] |
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[[fr:Kirkouk]] |
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[[io:Kirkuk]] |
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[[ja:キルクーク]] |
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[[ko:키르쿠크]] |
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[[ku:Kerkûk]] |
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[[nl:Kirkoek]] |
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[[no:Kirkuk]] |
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[[pl:Kirkuk]] |
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[[pt:Kirkuk]] |
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[[sr:Киркук]] |
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[[sv:Kirkuk]] |
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[[tr:Kerkük]] |
Revisi terkini sejak 16 September 2023 12.37
Kirkuk
كركوك | |
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Kota | |
Koordinat: 35°28′0″N 44°19′0″E / 35.46667°N 44.31667°EKoordinat: 35°28′0″N 44°19′0″E / 35.46667°N 44.31667°E | |
Country | Iraq |
Governorate | Kirkuk |
Ketinggian | 350 m (1,150 ft) |
Populasi (2009 Est.)[1] | |
• Total | 850 787 |
Zona waktu | GMT +3 |
Kirkuk (Arab: كركوك Karkūk; bahasa Kurdi: کەرکووک Kerkûk; Turki: Kerkük) adalah kota di Kegubernuran Kirkuk, Irak, 238 km di utara Bagdad.[2] Pada abad ke-20 terjadi perubahan demografi yang disebabkan urbanisasi besar-besaran yang menghasilkan kelompok-kelompok etnis yang berbeda.[3] Orang Kurdi, Turkmen Irak, orang Arab, dan orang Asiria mengakui Kirkuk sebagai milik mereka, dan masing-masing etnis memiliki catatan sejarah dan keturunan yang memperkuat klaim mereka.[4] Turkmen Irak menganggap Kirkuk sebagai ibu kota dari Turkmeneli.[5]
Kota ini berada di atas reruntuhan Istana Kirkuk, yang merupakan lokasi kota Arrapha, kota kuno Assyria pada abad ke-3 sebelum masehi,[6] di dekat sungai Khasa. Kota ini sudah disebutkan pada masa Babilonia Assyria, pada aksara paku dari 2400 sebelum masehi.[7]
Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Anderson, Liam; Stansfield, Gareth (2011). Crisis in Kirkuk: The Ethnopolitics of Conflict and Compromise. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-0604-5.
- Bosworth (1954). The Encyclopaedia of Islam Vol. V. Brill. hlm. 144–147. ISBN 90-04-06056-1.
- Edwards, I. E. S.; Gadd, C. J.; Hammond, N. G. L. (1991). The Cambridge Ancient History: Vol. 1, pt. 1. Cambridge University Press. Diakses tanggal 3 January 2013.
- Edwards, Iorwerth Eiddon Stephen; Charlesworth, Martin Percival; Boardman, John (1970). The Cambridge Ancient History: Vol. 1, part 2. Cambridge University Press. Diakses tanggal 3 January 2013.
Catatan kaki[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ "World Gazetteer". World Gazetteer. 26 January 2009. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 9 February 2013. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-26.
- ^ "Google Maps Distance Calculator". Daftlogic.com. 12 January 2013. Diakses tanggal 2013-03-26.
- ^ Bet-Shlimon, Arbella. 2012. Group Identities, Oil, and the Local Political Domain in Kirkuk: A Historical Perspective. Journal of Urban History 38, no. 5.
- ^ "Kirkuk". Cities in transition.
- ^ Ezzat 2012, hlm. 1.
- ^ The Cambridge Ancient History – Page 17 by John Boardman
- ^ William Gordon East, Oskar Hermann Khristian Spate (1961). The Changing Map of Asia: A Political Geography, 436 pages, p: 105