Orbit Molniya: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Revisi terkini sejak 5 Januari 2023 23.57

Groundtrack of Molniya orbit. In the operational part of the orbit from apogee −3 hours to apogee +3 hours the satellite is north of 55.5° N (latitude of for example central Scotland, Moscow and southern part of Hudson Bay)

Orbit Molniya (Rusia: Молния; IPA: [molnʲɪjə] (mendengarkan), "Lightning") adalah jenis orbit yang sangat elips dengan kemiringan 63,4 derajat, argumen dari perigee dari -90 derajat dan periode orbit satu setengah hari sidereal. Molniya orbit diberi nama setelah serangkaian satelit komunikasi Soviet / Rusia Molniya yang telah menggunakan jenis orbit ini sejak pertengahan 1960-an.

Untuk mendapatkan cakupan elevasi tinggi terus menerus dari belahan bumi utara, setidaknya tiga pesawat ruang angkasa Molniya yang diperlukan.

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Molniya Orbits Diarsipkan 2016-01-31 di Wayback Machine. by Jerry Jon Sellers
Orbital Mechanics by Robert A. Braeunig
Molniya-1 spacecraft by Mark Wade of Encyclopedia Astronautica
JAVA applet animating the orbit of a satellite Diarsipkan 2011-07-19 di Wayback Machine. in an elliptic Kepler orbit around the Earth. For a Molniya orbit, set the semi-major axis to 26562 km and eccentricity to 0.74105.
Real time satellite tracking for a typical Molniya satellite
3D Molniya constellation viewer Diarsipkan 2008-04-07 di Wayback Machine. (no longer available)
illustration of the communication geometry provided by satellites in 12-hour Molniya orbits (video)

@@ Baris 1: / Baris 1: @@
-[[Berkas:NASA_molniya_oblique.png|thumb|Figure 1: The Molniya orbit. Usually the period from perigee +2 hours to perigee +10 hours is used to transmit to the northern hemisphere]]
+[[Berkas:NASA_molniya_oblique.png|jmpl|Figure 1: The Molniya orbit. Usually the period from perigee +2 hours to perigee +10 hours is used to transmit to the northern hemisphere]]
-[[Berkas:Molniya.jpg|thumb|Groundtrack of Molniya orbit. In the operational part of the orbit from apogee −3 hours to apogee +3 hours the satellite is north of 55.5° N (latitude of for example central Scotland, [[Moskwa|Moscow]] and southern part of Hudson Bay)]]
+[[Berkas:Molniya.jpg|jmpl|Groundtrack of Molniya orbit. In the operational part of the orbit from apogee −3 hours to apogee +3 hours the satellite is north of 55.5° N (latitude of for example central Scotland, [[Moskwa|Moscow]] and southern part of Hudson Bay)]]
 '''Orbit Molniya '''([[Rusia]]: Молния; IPA: [molnʲɪjə] (mendengarkan), "Lightning") adalah jenis [[orbit]] yang sangat [[elips]] dengan [[kemiringan]] 63,4 derajat, argumen dari perigee dari -90 derajat dan [[periode orbit]] satu setengah hari sidereal. Molniya orbit diberi nama setelah serangkaian [[satelit]] [[komunikasi]] Soviet / Rusia Molniya yang telah menggunakan jenis orbit ini sejak pertengahan 1960-an.
 Untuk mendapatkan cakupan [[elevasi]] tinggi terus menerus dari belahan bumi utara, setidaknya tiga [[pesawat ruang angkasa]] Molniya yang diperlukan.
 <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="44"></span>
 == Referensi ==
-* [https://www.agi.com/resources/educational-alliance-program/astro-primer/primer96.htm Molniya Orbits] by Jerry Jon Sellers
+* [https://www.agi.com/resources/educational-alliance-program/astro-primer/primer96.htm Molniya Orbits] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131094801/https://www.agi.com/resources/educational-alliance-program/astro-primer/primer96.htm |date=2016-01-31 }} by Jerry Jon Sellers
 * [http://www.braeunig.us/space/orbmech.htm Orbital Mechanics] by Robert A. Braeunig
 * [http://www.astronautix.com/craft/molniya1.htm Molniya-1 spacecraft] by Mark Wade of [http://www.astronautix.com Encyclopedia Astronautica]
+* [http://wgpqqror.homepage.t-online.de/work.html JAVA applet animating the orbit of a satellite] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719090338/https://wgpqqror.homepage.t-online.de/work.html |date=2011-07-19 }} in an elliptic Kepler orbit around the Earth. For a Molniya orbit, set the semi-major axis to 26562&nbsp;km and eccentricity to 0.74105.
+* [http://www.n2yo.com/?s=27834 Real time satellite tracking for a typical Molniya satellite]
+* [http://screamyguy.net/ephemeris/viewer.htm?TITLE=Molniya 3D Molniya constellation viewer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407215413/http://screamyguy.net/ephemeris/viewer.htm?TITLE=Molniya |date=2008-04-07 }} (no longer available)
+* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O_Iykeouj3g illustration of the communication geometry provided by satellites in 12-hour Molniya orbits] (video)
+[[Kategori:Orbit Bumi]]
-* [http://wgpqqror.homepage.t-online.de/work.html JAVA applet animating the orbit of a satellite] in an elliptic Kepler orbit around the Earth. For a Molniya orbit, set the semi-major axis to 26562&nbsp;km and eccentricity to 0.74105.
-* [http://www.n2yo.com/?s=27834 Real time satellite tracking for a typical Molniya satellite]
-* [http://screamyguy.net/ephemeris/viewer.htm?TITLE=Molniya 3D Molniya constellation viewer] (no longer available)
-* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O_Iykeouj3g illustration of the communication geometry provided by satellites in 12-hour Molniya orbits] (video)
-[[Kategori:Orbit bumi]]