Pemerintahan Persatuan Nasional (Hungaria): Perbedaan antara revisi

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{{Infobox former country
{{Infobox former country
|native_name = ''Magyar Királyság''
|native_name = ''Nemzeti Összefogás Kormánya''
|conventional_long_name = Kerajaan Hongaria
|conventional_long_name = Pemerintahan Persatuan Nasional
|common_name = Hongaria
|common_name = Hungaria
|continent = Eropa
|continent = Eropa
|region = Eropa Tengah
|region = Eropa Tengah
|country = Hongaria
|country = Hungaria
|era = [[Perang Dunia ke-2]]
|era = [[Perang Dunia ke-2]]
|status = '''Hongaria Turanisme'''/[[Nazisme|Nazi]] negara satu partai, <br>[[Totalitarian]]
|status = '''Hungaria Raya'''/[[Nazisme|Nazi]], '''Negara Partai Tunggal''', <br>[[Totalitarian]]
|status_text = [[Negara boneka]] dari [[Jerman Nazi|Nazi Jerma]]
|status_text = [[Negara boneka]] dari [[Jerman Nazi|Nazi Jerman]]
|empire =
|empire =
|government_type =
|government_type =
|life_span = 1944–1945
|life_span = 1944-1946<br />1944-1945
|event_start = Government formed
|event_start = Operasi Panzerfaust
|date_start = 17 October
|date_start = 15 Oktober
|year_start = 1944
|year_start = 1944<ref name="nevenkin">{{cite book|last1=Nevenkin|first1=Kametitle=Take Budapest: The Struggle for Hungary, Autumn 1944|date=2012|publisher=The History Press|location=New York|isbn=9780752477039|page=53|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Vk7AwAAQBAJ&lpg=PA1&hl=en&pg=PT53#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=29 March 2015}}</ref>
|event_end =
|event_end =
|date_end = 7 Mei
|date_end = 7 Mei
|year_end = 1945<ref name="gosztonyi">{{cite book |last=Gosztonyi |first=Péter |title=A Magyar Honvédség a második világháborúban |edition=2nd |year=1992 |publisher=Európa Könyvkiadó |location=Budapest |isbn=963-07-5386-3 |pages=275–276 |language=Hungarian}}</ref>
|year_end = 1945<ref name="gosztonyi">{{cite book|last=Gosztonyi|first=Péter|title=A Magyar Honvédség a második világháborúban|edition=2nd|year=1992|publisher=Európa Könyvkiadó|location=Budapest|isbn=963-07-5386-3|pages=275–276|language=Hungarian}}</ref>
|year_exile_start =
|year_exile_start =
|year_exile_end =
|year_exile_end =
|event1 = Government members fled to Germany
|event1 = Pembentukan
|date_event1 = 28–29 March 1945<ref>{{cite book |last= Gosztonyi |first= Péter |title= A Magyar Honvédség a második világháborúban |edition= 2nd |year= 1992 |publisher= Európa Könyvkiadó |location= Budapest |isbn= 963-07-5386-3 |page= 255}}</ref>
|date_event1 = 17 Oktober 1944<ref name="nevenkin">{{cite book|last1=Nevenkin|first1=Kametitle=Take Budapest: The Struggle for Hungary, Autumn 1944|date=2012|publisher=The History Press|location=New York|isbn=9780752477039|page=53|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Vk7AwAAQBAJ&lpg=PA1&hl=en&pg=PT53#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=29 March 2015}}</ref>
|event2 = End of German occupation of Hungary
|event2 = Berakhirnya Pendudukan Jerman
|date_event2 = 12 April 1945<ref>{{cite book |last= Gosztonyi |first= Péter |title= A Magyar Honvédség a második világháborúban |edition= 2nd |year= 1992 |publisher= Európa Könyvkiadó |location= Budapest |isbn= 963-07-5386-3 |page= 256}}</ref>
|date_event2 = 12 April 1945<ref>{{cite book|last= Gosztonyi|first= Péter|title= A Magyar Honvédség a második világháborúban|edition= 2nd|year= 1992|publisher= Európa Könyvkiadó|location= Budapest|isbn= 963-07-5386-3|page= 256}}</ref>
|event3 = Capture of Szálasi
|event3 = Jatuhnya Szálasi
|date_event3 = 6 May 1945<ref name="gosztonyi"/>
|date_event3 = 6 Mei 1945<ref name="gosztonyi"/>
|event4 =
|event4 =
|date_event4 =
|date_event4 =
|event_pre = [[Operation Panzerfaust]]
|event_pre = [[Operasi Margarethe]]
|date_pre = 15 October 1944
|date_pre = 12 Maret 1944
|event_post =
|event_post =
|date_post =
|date_post =
|p1 = Kerajaan Hongaria (1920–46)
|p1 = Kerajaan Hungaria (1920–1946)
|flag_p1 = Flag of Hungary 1940.svg
|flag_p1 = Flag of Hungary 1940.svg
|s1 = Kerajaan Hongaria (1920–46)
|p2 = Administrasi Militer (Nazi Jerman)
|flag_s1 = Flag of Hungary 1940.svg
|flag_p2 = Flag of German Reich (1935–1945).svg
|s2 = Pendudukan Soviet di Hongaria
|s2 = Pendudukan Soviet di Hungaria
|flag_s2 = Flag of the Soviet Union (1923-1955).svg
|flag_s2 = Flag of the Soviet Union.svg
|image_flag = Flag of Hungary 1940.svg
|s1 = Republik Hungaria Kedua
|flag_s1 = Flag of Hungary (1946-1949, 1956-1957).svg
|image_flag = Flag of the Arrow Cross Party 1942 to 1945.svg
|flag_alt =
|flag_alt =
|flag =
|flag =
Baris 44: Baris 46:
|image_coat = Coat of arms of Hungary (1945).svg
|image_coat = Coat of arms of Hungary (1945).svg
|coat_alt =
|coat_alt =
|image_map =
|image_map = Wilayah Harapan.png
|image_map_alt =
|image_map_alt =
|image_map_caption =
|image_map_caption = Wilayah Harapan Pemerintahan Persatuan Nasional (Hungaria)
|capital = [[Budapest]]
|capital = [[Budapest]]
|capital_exile =
|capital_exile =
|latd =47 |latm=26 |latNS=N |longd=19 |longm=15 |longEW=E
|latd =47|latm=26|latNS=N|longd=19|longm=15|longEW=E
|national_motto = ''Regnum Mariae Patrona Hungariae''<ref>Adeleye, Gabriel G. (1999). ''World Dictionary of Foreign Expressions''. Ed. Thomas J. Sienkewicz and James T. McDonough, Jr. Wauconda, IL: Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-86516-422-3.</ref><br><small>"Kerajaan Maria, Sang Patron Hongaria"</small>
|national_motto = ''Regnum Mariae Patrona Hungariae''<ref>Adeleye, Gabriel G. (1999). ''World Dictionary of Foreign Expressions''. Ed. Thomas J. Sienkewicz and James T. McDonough, Jr. Wauconda, IL: Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-86516-422-3.</ref><br><small>"Kerajaan Maria, Sang Patron Hungaria"</small>
|national_anthem = ''[[Himnusz]]''<br><small>"Hymn"</small>
|national_anthem = ''[[Himnusz]]''<br><small>"Himne"</small>
|common_languages = [[Bahasa Hongaria]]
|common_languages = [[Bahasa Hungaria|Hungaria]]
|religion = [[Katolik Roma]], [[Kalvinisme]], [[Lutheranisme]]
|religion = [[Katolik Roma]], [[Kalvinisme]], [[Lutheranisme]]
|currency = [[Hungarian Pengő]]
|currency = [[Hungarian Pengő]]
|leader1 = [[Ferenc Szálasi]]
|leader1 = [[Ferenc Szálasi]]
|year_leader1 = 1944–1945
|year_leader1 = 1944–1945
|title_leader = [[List of heads of state of Hungary|Leader of the Nation]]
|title_leader = Pemimpin Nasional
|legislature = [[Diet of Hungary|Diet]]
|legislature = '''Diet'''
|house1 =
|house1 =
|type_house1 =
|type_house1 =
Baris 66: Baris 68:
|stat_area1 =
|stat_area1 =
|stat_pop1 =
|stat_pop1 =
|today = {{flag|Croatia}}<br>{{flag|Hungary}}<br>{{flag|Slovakia}}<br>{{flag|Slovenia}}
|today = {{flag|Kroasia}}<br>{{flag|Hungaria}}<br>{{flag|Slowakia}}<br>{{flag|Slovenia}}
|footnotes =
|footnotes =
}}
}}


The '''Government of National Unity''' ([[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]: ''Nemzeti Összefogás Kormánya'')<ref>{{hu icon}} [http://lexikon.katolikus.hu/N/Nemzeti%20%C3%96sszefog%C3%A1s%20Korm%C3%A1nya.html Nemzeti Összefogás Kormánya, Szálasi-kormány, nyilas kormány]</ref> existed during the [[Operation Panzerfaust|occupation of Hungary by Nazi Germany]] between October 1944 and May 1945. Formed by the [[Hungarian Turanism|Turanist]]/[[Nazism|Nazi]] [[Arrow Cross Party]], it was established on 17 October 1944<ref name="nevenkin"/><ref>{{cite book |last=Gosztonyi |first=Péter |title=A Magyar Honvédség a második világháborúban |edition=2nd |year=1992 |publisher={{ill|hu|Európa Könyvkiadó}} |location=Budapest |isbn=963-07-5386-3 |page=215 |language=Hungarian}}</ref> after [[Regent of Hungary|Regent]] [[Miklós Horthy]] was removed from power during [[Operation Panzerfaust|Operation "Panzerfaust"]] (''Unternehmen "Eisenfaust"''&nbsp;).<ref name="hungarian-history.hu">[http://www.hungarian-history.hu/lib/mirror/mirror03.htm The Policies of Prime Minister Kallay and the German Occupation of Hungary in March 1944]</ref> Arrow Cross leader [[Ferenc Szálasi]] became [[List of Prime Ministers of Hungary|Prime Minister]] and, as "Nation Leader", the [[List of heads of state of Hungary|head of state]]. During the government's short period of rule, ten to fifteen thousand [[History of the Jews in Hungary|Jews]] were murdered in Hungary<ref name="JOH">{{cite book |last=Patai |first=Raphael |title=The Jews of Hungary:History, Culture, Psychology |publisher=Wayne State University Press |location=590 |year=1996 |pages=730 |isbn=0-8143-2561-0 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=LLuPS1yVDf8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22the+jews+of+hungary%22&ei=06nrSeGqEoyENKapuLQB&client=firefox-a#PPA590,M1}}</ref> and around eighty thousand Jews, including many women, children and elderly Jews, were deported from Hungary to their deaths in the [[Auschwitz concentration camp]].<ref name="polgar-age">{{cite news |url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2006/02/15/1139890808344.html |title=War Crime Suspect Admits to his Leading Fascist Role |last=Johnston |first=Chris |date=2006-02-16 |publisher=The Age |accessdate=2009-04-19}}</ref>
'''Pemerintahan Persatuan Nasional''' ({{lang-hu|Nemzeti Összefogás Kormánya}})<ref>{{hu icon}} [http://lexikon.katolikus.hu/N/Nemzeti%20%C3%96sszefog%C3%A1s%20Korm%C3%A1nya.html Nemzeti Összefogás Kormánya, Szálasi-kormány, nyilas kormány]</ref> muncul di peta Eropa pada masa [[Operasi Margarethe|pendudukan Jerman atas Hungaria]] yang berlangsung selama Oktober 1944-Mei 1945, Didasari oleh ideologi '''Hungaria Raya''', [[Nazisme]] dan disponsori oleh partai politik lokal bernama [[Nyilaskeresztes Part (NYKP)|Partai Nyilas]]. Didirikan pada 17 Oktober 1944<ref name="nevenkin"/><ref>{{cite book|last=Gosztonyi|first=Péter|title=A Magyar Honvédség a második világháborúban|edition=2nd|year=1992|publisher={{ill|hu|Európa Könyvkiadó}}|location=Budapest|isbn=963-07-5386-3|page=215|language=Hungarian}}</ref> setelah penggulingan Admiral [[Miklós Horthy]] melalui [[Operasi Panzerfaust|Operasi "Panzerfaust"]] (''Unternehmen "Eisenfaust"''&nbsp;) Karya Jerman.<ref name="hungarian-history.hu">{{Cite web |url=http://www.hungarian-history.hu/lib/mirror/mirror03.htm |title=The Policies of Prime Minister Kallay and the German Occupation of Hungary in March 1944 |access-date=2016-01-03 |archive-date=2011-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110109111308/http://www.hungarian-history.hu/lib/mirror/mirror03.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Pemimpin Partai Panah Salib [[Ferenc Szálasi]] menjadi [[Perdana Menteri]] dan juga menjadi "Pemimpin Bangsa Hungaria" di negara boneka ini. Dalam Rezim Boneka yang singkat ini sekitar 10.000-15.000 Bangsa Yahudi secara brutal dibantai secara sadis.<ref name="JOH">{{cite book|last=Patai|first=Raphael|title=The Jews of Hungary:History, Culture, Psychology|publisher=Wayne State University Press|location=590|year=1996|pages=730|isbn=0-8143-2561-0|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=LLuPS1yVDf8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22the+jews+of+hungary%22&ei=06nrSeGqEoyENKapuLQB&client=firefox-a#PPA590,M1}}</ref> dan sekitar 80.000 Bangsa Yahudi termasuk wanita dan anak-anak dideportasi ke kamp kematian mereka di [[Auschwitz]].<ref name="polgar-age">{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2006/02/15/1139890808344.html|title=War Crime Suspect Admits to his Leading Fascist Role|last=Johnston|first=Chris|date=2006-02-16|publisher=The Age|accessdate=2009-04-19}}</ref>

== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}

Revisi terkini sejak 27 April 2023 12.45

Pemerintahan Persatuan Nasional

Nemzeti Összefogás Kormánya
1944-1946
1944-1945
Semboyan: Regnum Mariae Patrona Hungariae[1]
"Kerajaan Maria, Sang Patron Hungaria"
Wilayah Harapan Pemerintahan Persatuan Nasional (Hungaria)
Wilayah Harapan Pemerintahan Persatuan Nasional (Hungaria)
StatusNegara boneka dari Nazi Jerman
Ibu kotaBudapest
Bahasa yang umum digunakanHungaria
Agama
Katolik Roma, Kalvinisme, Lutheranisme
Pemimpin Nasional 
• 1944–1945
Ferenc Szálasi
LegislatifDiet
Era SejarahPerang Dunia ke-2
12 Maret 1944
• Operasi Panzerfaust
15 Oktober 1944
• Pembentukan
17 Oktober 1944[2]
• Berakhirnya Pendudukan Jerman
12 April 1945[3]
• Jatuhnya Szálasi
6 Mei 1945[4]
• Dibubarkan
7 Mei 1945[4]
Mata uangHungarian Pengő
Kode ISO 3166HU
Didahului oleh		 Digantikan oleh
krjKerajaan
Hungaria (1920–1946)
Administrasi Militer (Nazi Jerman)
Republik Hungaria Kedua
Pendudukan Soviet di Hungaria
Sekarang bagian dari Kroasia
 Hungaria
 Slowakia
 Slovenia
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Info templat
Bantuan penggunaan templat ini

Pemerintahan Persatuan Nasional (bahasa Hongaria: Nemzeti Összefogás Kormánya)[5] muncul di peta Eropa pada masa pendudukan Jerman atas Hungaria yang berlangsung selama Oktober 1944-Mei 1945, Didasari oleh ideologi Hungaria Raya, Nazisme dan disponsori oleh partai politik lokal bernama Partai Nyilas. Didirikan pada 17 Oktober 1944[2][6] setelah penggulingan Admiral Miklós Horthy melalui Operasi "Panzerfaust" (Unternehmen "Eisenfaust" ) Karya Jerman.[7] Pemimpin Partai Panah Salib Ferenc Szálasi menjadi Perdana Menteri dan juga menjadi "Pemimpin Bangsa Hungaria" di negara boneka ini. Dalam Rezim Boneka yang singkat ini sekitar 10.000-15.000 Bangsa Yahudi secara brutal dibantai secara sadis.[8] dan sekitar 80.000 Bangsa Yahudi termasuk wanita dan anak-anak dideportasi ke kamp kematian mereka di Auschwitz.[9]

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

  1. ^ Adeleye, Gabriel G. (1999). World Dictionary of Foreign Expressions. Ed. Thomas J. Sienkewicz and James T. McDonough, Jr. Wauconda, IL: Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-86516-422-3.
  2. ^ a b Nevenkin, Kametitle=Take Budapest: The Struggle for Hungary, Autumn 1944 (2012). New York: The History Press. hlm. 53. ISBN 9780752477039 https://books.google.com/books?id=4Vk7AwAAQBAJ&lpg=PA1&hl=en&pg=PT53#v=onepage&q&f=false. Diakses tanggal 29 March 2015.  Tidak memiliki atau tanpa |title= (bantuan)
  3. ^ Gosztonyi, Péter (1992). A Magyar Honvédség a második világháborúban (edisi ke-2nd). Budapest: Európa Könyvkiadó. hlm. 256. ISBN 963-07-5386-3. 
  4. ^ a b Gosztonyi, Péter (1992). A Magyar Honvédség a második világháborúban (dalam bahasa Hungarian) (edisi ke-2nd). Budapest: Európa Könyvkiadó. hlm. 275–276. ISBN 963-07-5386-3. 
  5. ^ (Hungaria) Nemzeti Összefogás Kormánya, Szálasi-kormány, nyilas kormány
  6. ^ Gosztonyi, Péter (1992). A Magyar Honvédség a második világháborúban (dalam bahasa Hungarian) (edisi ke-2nd). Budapest: hu. hlm. 215. ISBN 963-07-5386-3. 
  7. ^ "The Policies of Prime Minister Kallay and the German Occupation of Hungary in March 1944". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-09. Diakses tanggal 2016-01-03. 
  8. ^ Patai, Raphael (1996). The Jews of Hungary:History, Culture, Psychology. 590: Wayne State University Press. hlm. 730. ISBN 0-8143-2561-0. 
  9. ^ Johnston, Chris (2006-02-16). "War Crime Suspect Admits to his Leading Fascist Role". The Age. Diakses tanggal 2009-04-19. 
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