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{{short description|Companion of Muhammad|Governor of Mosul}}
{{Infobox military person
|name = 'Arfajah bin Hartsamah al-Bariqi
|birth_date = sekitar 598 M
|death_date = 654|birth_place. = [[Bareq]], [[Jazirah Arab]]
|death_place = [[Mosul]]
|image = Arfaja.jpg
|caption =
|nickname =
|allegiance = [[Kekhalifahan Rasyidin]].
|branch = [[Pasukan Rasyidin]]
|serviceyears =
|rank = [[Amir|Amir Al-Jaisy]] Panglima [[Pasukan Rasyidin]])<br />Amir Al-Bahr(Panglima [[angkatan laut Rashidun]]
|unit =
|battles =
|relations = {{plainlist|
*Bani [[Bariq]] dari [[Azd]] <small>(klan)</small>
*[[Kahlan]] <small>(suku)</small>
*Hartsamah bin Abdul Uzza <small>(ayah)</small>}}
| laterwork = {{ubl|Gubernur [[Mosul]] (642–654) (dua kali)|Wakil pendiri [[Basra]] |Pendiri & gubernur [[Hadithah]] | Arsitek [[Masjid Agung Mosul]]}}
}}

'''<nowiki/>'Arfajah bin Hartsamah al-Bariqi'''<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=nV28i9Ticz0C&pg=PT403&dq=Arfaja+Harthama&hl=ar&sa=X&ei=trbdT_zRFonN6QHF8q2MCw&ved=0CEgQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Arfaja%20Harthama&f=false The Great Arab Conquests by Hugh Kennedy]،</ref> ({{lang-ar|عرفجة بن هرثمة البارقي}}) (juga dikenal sebagai '''<nowiki/>'Arfajah al-Bariqi''') adalah [[Sahabat Nabi|Sahabat]] [[Muhammad|Nabi Muhammad]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=o1RwknhNOJsC&pg=PA311&dq=Arfaja+Harthama&hl=ar&sa=X&ei=trbdT_zRFonN6QHF8q2MCw&ved=0CGMQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Arfaja%20Harthama&f=false Modernist Islam, 1840-1940: A Sourcebook]</ref> Ia berasal dari suku [[Bariq]] dari cabang [[Bani Azad]], yang mendiami Arabia Barat Daya.

Arfajah adalah salah satu komandan dari sebelas tentara yang dikirim oleh khalifah [[Abu Bakar]] untuk menghentikan pemberontakan setelah [[Nabi Muhammad]] meninggal.<ref name="al Bidayah wa Nihayah">{{harvtxt|Ibn Kathir|2003}}</ref> Arfajah merupakan salah satu komandan [[Angkatan Laut Kekhalifahan Pertama]], karena [[Abu Bakar]] mengirimnya bersama [[Hudzayfah al-Bariqi|Hudzaifah bin Mihsan]] untuk memerangi musuh-musuh Islam di [[Oman]].<ref name="Martin Hinds naval expedition" /><ref name="siyar A'lam Nubala arnaut and arqsoussi" /><ref name="William Muir naval operation" /> Arfajah dipercaya untuk memimpin pasukan angkatan laut Azad dari [[Arabia Timur|Bahrain]] untuk menyerang [[Provinsi Fars|Fars]] untuk menghentikan serangan dari pesisir Sassaniyah.<ref name="Brian John Ulrich; Azd Identity">{{harvtxt|Ulrich|2008}}</ref> Arfajah kemudian menjabat sebagai Gubernur [[Mosul]] pada masa pemerintahan Khalifah [[Umar]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?ei=trbdT_zRFonN6QHF8q2MCw&hl=ar&id=x0dtAAAAMAAJ&dq=Arfaja+Harthama&q=Arfaja+#search_anchor Studies in early Islamic history]،</ref>

Sebagai seorang jenderal militer yang kuat,<ref name="Mahmud Sheet Khattab" /> Arfajah berkontribusi dalam [[Penaklukan Persia oleh Muslim|Penaklukan Persia]], ia berpartisipasi dalam pertempuran besar melawan Sassaniyah seperti: [[Penaklukan Pars oleh Muslim|Penaklukan Pars]], [[Pertempuran Jembatan]], [[Pertempuran Buwaib]], [[Pertempuran al-Qadisiyyah]], [[Pengepungan Ctesiphon (637)|Pengepungan Ctesiphon]], [[Pertempuran Nahawand]], hingga [[Penaklukan Khuzestan oleh Muslim|Penaklukan Khuzestan]].<ref name="Mahmud Sheet Khattab" /> Ia juga terlibat sebentar melawan [[Angkatan Darat Bizantium|Bizantium]] selama penaklukan Mosul dan [[Tikrit]].<ref name="translate ibn Kathir" />

Arfajah dikenang sebagai orang yang berbakat. dengan keahlian bangunan dan urbanisasi, ia memainkan peran utama dalam pendirian kota [[Basra]] dan [[Haditsah]].<ref name="Yaqut Hamawi Maj" /><ref name="Army and weapons" /> contoh prestasi arsitekturnya yaitu pembangunan [[Masjid Agung Mosul]] (kemudian dikenal sebagai Masjid Umayyah).<ref name="Ibn al Faqih; Kitab al Buldan" /><ref name="Mosque of Mosul; Google-Al-Ghadd Radio" /> Arfajah adalah orang yang pertama kali dari kekhalifahan Rasyidin yang menerapkan [[Amshar]] yang dilengkapi dengan [[Karavanserai]]

== Biografi ==
Menurut [[Ibnu Hazm]], garis keturunan [[Nisbah|nisbahnya]] yang lengkap adalah '''Arfajah bin Hartsama bin Abdul Uzza bin Zuhair bin Thailb bin Amr bin Sa`ad bin Thailb bin Kinanah Al-Bariqi''',<ref name="Jamharat al Ansab Ibn Hazm.... Shia Library">{{harvtxt|Ibn Ḥazm|2018|p=367}}</ref> yang kemudian mengklaim bahwa [[Bariq]] keturunan [[Hud|Nabi Hud]], dengan nisbah lengkap: bin Uday bin Haritsa bin Amr Mazikiy bin Amr bin Haritsa Algtarif bin Imru Al-Qais Thailb bin Mazin bin [[Bani Azad|Al-Azad]] bin Al-Ghath bin Nabit bin Malik bin Zaid bin [[Kahlan]] bin [[Kaum Saba'|Saba']] Ibn Yasyjub bin [[Ya'rub]] bin [[Qahthan]] bin [[Hud]].<ref name="unknown">{{cite book|url=https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/_/VqFFCwAAQBAJ?hl=en|title=الأشتقاق|publisher=Islamkotob|access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>

Menurut Ahmad Jawdat Pasya yang mengutip Waqidi, Arfajah tumbuh dalam keluarga kaya raya, dan dikenal sebagai [[pembicara]] yang berbakat. Arfajah juga memiliki kecakapan bela diri yang kuat karena ia dikatakan terampil dalam pertarungan pedang dan metode berkuda, selain itu ia juga memiliki keterampilan sosial yang baik.<ref name="Ahmad Jawdat Pasha" />

Arfajah mempertahankan posisinya sebagai [[Sahabat Nabi]], saat ia bertemu [[Muhammad|Nabi Muhammad]] di masa hidupnya.<ref name="Charles Kurzman">{{harvtxt|Kurzman|2002|}}</ref> yang dibuktikan oleh [[Umar|Umar bin Khattab]], bahwa Arfajah telah bertemu Muhammad setidaknya sekali dan memeluk Islam selama masa nabi. Ia bahkan juga meriwayatkan sebuah hadits langsung dari Muhammad.<ref name="Charles Kurzman" />

=== [[Perang Riddah]] ===
{{Campaignbox Apostate Wars}}
In 633, [[Abu Bakr]] dispatched Arfaja bin Harthama and [[Hudhayfah al-Bariqi]] to [[Mahra Sultanate|Mahra]]<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?ei=trbdT_zRFonN6QHF8q2MCw&hl=ar&id=8C4KAQAAIAAJ&dq=Arfaja+Harthama&q=Arfaja+#search_anchor Book of contention and strife concerning the relations between the Banū Umayya and the Banū Hāshim]،</ref> following the orders of Abu Bakr, then sent Ikrimah to march and join Arfajah, As Arfaja had not yet arrived, Ikrimah, instead of waiting for him, tackled the local rebels on his own. At Jairut, Ikrimah met two rebel armies preparing for battle. Here, he persuaded the weaker to embrace Islam and then joined up with them to defeat their opponents,<ref name="al Bidayah wa Nihayah" /> Then the event following was Arfajah and the caliphate armies continued their march to fight the remnants of Mahranite rebels in violent battles against the Mahranite rebels until they pacified the entire Mahra region.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Abd al Latif|first1=Hussein|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hO5FCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT424|title=فرسان النهار من الصحابة الأخيار - ج 4|publisher=IslamKotob|access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref>

Having re-established Islam in Mahra, Ikrimah moved his corps to [[Abyan]], where he rested his men and awaited further developments.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=BpfJVSSiAMwC&pg=PA54&lpg=PA54&dq=Arfajah+bariq&source=bl&ots=ZoUGSrNPRH&sig=MS7NyBPcs5eZGQqKzja2k5ViY14&hl=ar&sa=X&ei=ADvCUL-VArSM4gSQhoD4BA&ved=0CGQQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Arfajah%20bariq&f=false Conquest of Arabia-Alt10: The Conquest of Arabia: The Riddah Wars A.D. 632-633/A.H. 11] by [[Fred Donner]]،</ref> Until further instruction arrived for Arfaja and his Azd army to assist the Al Azdi Ruler, Abd Al-Juland and his brother Jayfar, who ruled the interior of the Oman peninsula who travelled to [[Medina]] in 632 to swear fealty to the [[Abu Bakr|Caliph Abu Bakr]], who received him with pleasure.<ref name="Mahra Rebellion" /> The leader of the apostates of Oman was [[Laqit bin Malik Al-Azdi]], known as 'the one with the crown', or ''Dhu'l Taj''. A natural rival to the Julanda kings, he forced them into retreat before the army from Medina completed its arduous journey through the [[Rub' al Khali|Rub Al Khali]] to reach the Oman peninsula.<ref name="Mahra Rebellion" /> Meeting up with the Madinan army, the forces of the Julanda were bolstered by tribes from the region who deserted Laqit.<ref name="Mahra Rebellion" /> Then the Omanite and Azd allied army in turn attacked the Sasanian governor Maskan and defeated Maskan's forces at Damsetjerd in [[Sohar]], killing Maskan.<ref name="Donald Hawley">{{harvtxt|Hawley|1970|p=48}}</ref> Leaving behind all their silver and gold, the [[Sasanian Empire|Sasanians]] evacuated the country.<ref name="Mahra Rebellion">{{harvtxt|Abed|Hellyer|2001}}</ref> The allied forces of Arfajah and Julandi sibling fought the rebels under Laqit in the final engagement of [[Battle of Dibba]], where the rebel leader placing his men's families behind their lines in order to encourage them to fight harder. However, the Medinan army prevailed following the arrival of reinforcements, the Beni Abdul Kais and Beni Najia tribes who had formed part of the Caliph's army but who had been delayed during the long journey from Medina.<ref>{{harvtxt|Heard-Bey|2005}}</ref> After the rebellion of Laqit were put down, Hudhayfah ibn Muhsin stayed in the area to consolidate the place, while Ikrimah commence mop up operations against remnants of rebels left in Mahra, while Arfajah tasked to escort the spoils of war brought to Caliphate citadel, Medina.<ref name="Early Islamic Oman">{{harvtxt|al-Rawas|1990}}</ref>

It is said by [[Yaqut al-Hamawi]], in the aftermath of this conflict Arfajah found and brought a boy named [[Al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra]], a future famous anti-[[Kharijites]] general, to Medina.<ref>{{cite web|last1=al Asqalani|first1=Ibn Hajar|title=الإصابة - ابن حجر - ج ٧ - الصفحة ١٨٥|url=http://shiaonlinelibrary.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8/3323_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1-%D8%AC-%D9%A7/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_0?pageno=185|website=Shia Online library|publisher=Shia Online library|trans-title=Al Ansab- Ibn Hajar - part 7 - page 185|access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref>

=== Penaklukan melawan Persia ===
{{Expand Arabic|section=yes|date=November 2021}}

==== Kampanye angkatan laut pertama ====
[[Berkas:QeshmIsland_NASA.jpg|jmpl|280x280px| [[Qeshm Island]] that Arfajah conquered from the coast of Oman. ]]
In the year 12 [[Hijri year|AH]], Arfajah led the first Arab-Islamic [[Navy|naval]] invasions in history, and conquered a large number of islands in the [[Gulf of Oman]].<ref>{{cite book|date=August 22, 2008|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p25tAAAAMAAJ&q=Harthama|title=The Encyclopaedia of Islam: Supplement, المجلدات 1-5|publisher=Brill|page=194|access-date=10 November 2021}}</ref> [[Ahmed Cevdet Pasha|Ahmed Jawdat Pasha]], who narrated from the text of [[Al-Waqidi]], pointed that Arfajah did not have trouble to raise an army and ships which needed to mount this naval invasion without the support of central caliphate, due to his notably wealthiness and powerful influence of followers from within his clan. Ahmed Jawdat further narrated that the background of Arfajah naval expedition from [[Al-Waqidi]]'s book that Arfajah were filled by impetuous Jihad spirit And he disregarded the advice of [[Umar|Al-Faruq]], boarded the ships and marched for the conquest in the Sea of Oman.<ref name="Ahmad Jawdat Pasha">[https://web.archive.org/web/20191221143126/https://ia802600.us.archive.org/BookReader/BookReaderImages.php?zip=/16/items/Wa3yIslami300/281_jp2.zip&file=281_jp2/281_0107.jp2&scale=4&rotate=0 عرفجة بن هرثمة - الطنطاوي - الصفحة 108 - مجلة الوعي الإسلامي العدد (281)، يناير 1988 م]</ref> However, Jawdat mistook as he though this campaign occurred during Umar caliphate, while in reality it is occurred during caliphate of Abu Bakr.<ref>{{cite book|date=9 July 2015|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t64IDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT56|title=أطلس حروب الردة: في عهد الخليفة الراشد أبي بكر الصديق- المغلوث - الصفحة 56|isbn=9786035038249|via=Google Books}}</ref> Tabari narrated that as caliph Abu Bakar learned Arfajah acted without his consent, he immediately dismissed Arfajah.<ref name="Untrustworthy Shia site">{{harvtxt|Tabari|2021|p=646}}</ref>

==== Kampanye di bawah Al-Mutsanna ====
As [[Khalid ibn al-Walid]] transferred to [[Levant]], Arfajah marched to rendezvouz with the army under [[al-Muthanna ibn Haritha]],<ref name="Brian Ulrich3">{{harvtxt|Ulrich|2008|p=91}}</ref> who are now being in charge of Rashidun forces in Iraq, and served under him in the victorious [[Battle of Namaraq]] and the [[Battle of Kaskar]]. However the Muthanna and Arfaja experienced major drawback in the [[Battle of the Bridge]],<ref name="Brian Ulrich3" /> where they suffered heavy losses.<ref name="Ragheb Sergani">{{harvnb|Sergani|2006}}</ref> responded to this calamity, caliph Umar reacted to sent the contingent of [[Bajila]] tribe under the leadership of {{ill|Jarir ibn Abdullah al-Bajali|ar|جرير بن عبد الله البجلي|id|Jarir bin Abdullah al-Bajali}} for reinforcement. although there is some minor quarrel between Jarir and Arfajah, in the end they are agree to joint their forces under Muthanna to fight the Persians.<ref name="Tabari Volume III Arabic">{{cite book|last1=Tabari|first1=Muhammad ibn Jarir|date=2018|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sbZ-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT468|title=The History of the Apostles and Kings - Part Three|page=471|language=Arabic|access-date=23 November 2021}}</ref> then Arfajah and Muthanna, have been replenished by Bajila host of Jarir, marched toward Buwaib, where they fought the Sassanid again, in the victorious [[Battle of Buwaib]], where they even succeeded slaying the Sassanid general, Mihran.<ref name="Tārīkh al-Dawlah al-ʻArabīyyah: Khilāfat al-Rashīdin w-al-Umuwiyīn">{{harvtxt|Rawi|1970|p=49}}</ref> which also called by Tabari and [[Ali ibn al-Athir]] as "day of tenth" (Yawm al-Ashir), due to the intensity of the battle where each one of Muslim soldiers managed to kill ten of [[Military of the Sasanian Empire|Sassanid soldier]].<ref name="Untrustworthy Shia site" /><ref>{{cite book|last1=al-Hakim|first1=Hassan Issa|date=2018|url=https://h.top4top.io/p_1013bmvi71.jpg|title=المفصل في تاريخ النجف الأشرف - حسن عيسى الحكيم|publisher=|page=295|access-date=19 November 2021|via=Top4Top}}</ref> After the battle, Arfajah march to Hirah, and recapture the city, which has been fallen to the Sassanid before after the Battle of the Bridge.<ref name="Ahmed Jawdat Hirah">{{cite web|last1=Jawdat|first1=Ahmad|title=Tarikh Ahmed Jawdat Pasha, page 139|url=https://ia801006-us-archive-org.translate.goog/BookReader/BookReaderImages.php?zip=/16/items/20191015_20191015_1042/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE+%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%AA+-+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84+_jp2.zip&file=%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE+%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%AA+-+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84+_jp2/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE+%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%AA+-+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84+_0154.jp2&id=20191015_20191015_1042&scale=8&rotate=0&_x_tr_sl=ar&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=id&_x_tr_pto=nui,sc|access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref>

Later, in the year 12 AH, Bahrain were suffered from constant naval raids by Persians.<ref name="Economic life in Persia">{{harvtxt|Jabr|2004|p=66}}</ref> Arfajah, who just conquered the town of [[Sawad]] immediately goes to Bahrain to reinforce his superior in Bahrain, al-Ala al Hadrami.<ref name="Hugh Kennedy; Great Arab Conquests">{{harvtxt|Kennedy|2010|p=124}}</ref>

==== Kampanye angkatan laut kedua ====
[[Berkas:LavanLocation.png|jmpl|280x280px|[[Lavan Island]]]]
{{Campaignbox Muslim conquest of Persia}}
In the end of the year 13 AH, al Ala ibn Hadrami commanded Arfajah started sending ships and boats for further maritime expedition,<ref name="Martin Hinds naval expedition">{{harvnb|Hinds|1996|p=202}}</ref> as they areordered by caliph Umar to detach himself from [[Al-Muthanna ibn Haritha]] while they are in [[Al-Hirah|Hirah]].<ref name="William Muir naval operation">{{harvtxt|Muir|1924|p=127}}</ref> This time, Arfajah, under al Ala, were attacking the island of {{ill|Darin (Qatif)|ar|دارين (القطيف)}} to exterminate the feeling apostate rebels who flee from mainland of Arabian peninsula toward that island. the Muslim armies began attacking the capital of Darin and killing the rebels there, pacified the eastern Arab coasts.<ref name="Qudamah ibn Ja'far">{{cite book|last1=Ibn Ja'far|first1=Qudamah|date=1981|url=https://al-maktaba.org/book/11767|title=الخراج وصناعة الكتابة|location=Baghdad|publisher=Dar Al-Rasheed|edition=First|access-date=23 November 2021}}</ref> Then, on their own initiative, Arfajah, under instruction from al Ala, started to sending ships towards Sassanid coast in [[Tarout Island]]. This continued Until Arfajah reached the port of [[Borazjan]], where according to [[Ibn Sa'd]] Arfajah sunk many [[Sasanian navy|Persian navy]] ships in a battle,<ref name="Sami ibn Abdullah al Maghlouth Atlas">{{harvnb|al Maghlouth|2015}}</ref> [[Shuaib Al Arna'ut]] and al-Arqsoussi recorded the words of [[Al-Dhahabi]] regarding Arfaja naval campaign during this occasion: ''"...Arfaja sent to the coast of Persia, destroying many(enemy) ships, and conquered the island and build mosque"''.<ref name="siyar A'lam Nubala arnaut and arqsoussi">{{cite book|last1=al-Dhahabi|first1=Muhammad ibn Ahmad|last2=Al Arna'ut|first2=Shuaib|last3=Al-Arqsoussi|first3=Muhammad Naim|url=https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC/EHsgDgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PT77&printsec=frontcover|title=Siyar a'lam Nubala part I|publisher=ktab INC|access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref> It is said by historians this Arfajah operations in the coast of [[Persian Gulf|Arabian Gulf]] secured the water ways for Muslims army and paving the way for the later [[Muslim conquest of Pars]].<ref name="Liwa UAE book">{{cite book|date=2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ojo4YLbq5ZwC&q=%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86|title=ليوا: مجلة شهرية تصدر عن مركز الوثائق والبحوث، ديوان رئيس الدولة, المجلد 2،العدد 3|publisher=United Arab Emirates. Office of the President of the State. Documentation and Research Center|access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref> Ibn Balkhi wrote that Arfajah write his progress to al Ala, who in turn inform to 'Umar.<ref name="Hafiz Abru">{{harvnb|Abru|2019|p=102}}</ref> This satisfy 'Umar, who in turn instructed al Ala to further resupply Arfajah who still continued fighting off coast,<ref name="Fars nama Ibn Balkhi">{{harvnb|Le Strange|2014|p=112}}</ref> which Arfajah responds continued the naval campaigns the mainland of Fars.<ref name="Fred m Donner Early conquest">{{harvnb|Donner|2014|p=40}}</ref> The coastal incursions commenced by Arfajah spans from [[Jazireh-ye Shif]] to an Island,<ref>{{cite book|date=2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ojo4YLbq5ZwC&q=%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86|title=ليوا: مجلة شهرية تصدر عن مركز الوثائق والبحوث، ديوان رئيس الدولة, المجلد 2،العدد 3|publisher=United Arab Emirates. Office of the President of the State. Documentation and Research Center|access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref> which identified by [[Ahmad ibn Mājid]] as [[Lavan Island]] Then continued to until they reached [[Kharg Island]].<ref name="Poursharianti arab language">{{harvnb|Pourshariati|2021|p=354}}</ref> Poursharianti recorded this second Arfajah naval adventure were ended with the annexation of Kharg, in month of Safar, 14 AH.<ref name="Poursharianti arab language2">{{harvnb|Pourshariati|2021|p=270}}</ref>

{| class="toccolours" style="float: left; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; background:#c6dbf7; color:black; width:30em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5"
| style="text-align: left;" |{{Blockquote|I have provided you with Arfajah ibn Harthamah, and he is a [[Mujahideen|Mujahid]] and brillant strategist, so if he comes to you, ask his consultation and keep him near (to you)".}}
|-
| style="text-align: left;" |Caliph Umar praise Arfajah in his letter to [[Utba ibn Ghazwan|Utbah ibn Ghazwan]].<ref name="Kandahlawi biography of companions">{{cite book|last1=al Kandahlawi|first1=Muhammad|date=2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1H2DDwAAQBAJ|title=Biography of Companion|publisher=Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية|isbn=9782745147615|page=441|trans-title=حياة الصحابة|author-link1=Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi|access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref>
|}

However, this time caliph 'Umar disliked Arfajah unnecessarily dragged sea adventures, as the naval forces of Arfajah were originally dispatched to support [[Utba ibn Ghazwan|Utbah ibn Ghazwan]] to conquer Ubulla.<ref name="Fred m Donner Early conquest" /> Shortly, 'Umar instructed to dismiss Arfajah from his command and reassign al-Ala ibn Hadrami as his replacement.<ref name="Fred m Donner Early conquest" /> although, Donnes said in his version that al-Ala passed away before he could assume the position.<ref name="Fred m Donner Early conquest" /> Nevertheless, the caliph then later instructed Arfajah to bring 700 soldiers from Bahrain to immediately reinforce Utbah who is marching towards [[Al-Ubulla]].<ref name="Hussein Nazar; Azd Study">{{cite web|last1=Nazar|first1=Hussein|title=دراسة في قبيلة الأزد - حسين نصار - الصفحة 813 - مجلة العرب، السنة الخامسة، سبتمبر 1970|url=https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20191221141407/https://ia800302.us.archive.org/BookReader/BookReaderImages.php?zip=/20/items/al3rab-05-1/al3rab-05-1_jp2.zip&file=al3rab-05-1_jp2/al3rab-05-1_0811.jp2&scale=4&rotate=0&_x_tr_sl=ar&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=id&_x_tr_pto=nui,sc|trans-title=A Study of the Azd Tribe-Hussein Nazar-Page 813- Journal of the Arabs, Fifth Year, September 1970|access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref> Arfajah manage to rendezvouz with Utbah later in the location that will became a [[Basra]] city, and together they besiege Ubulla until they managed to capture the port city.<ref name="bALADHURI fUTUH AL BULDAN">{{cite book|last1=Baladhuri|first1=Ahmad|date=1866|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-9UOAAAAQAAJ|title=كتاب فتوح البلدان(Futuh al Buldan)|publisher=E.J BRILL|page=331|access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref> [[Abu Mikhnaf]] reported in Ali Ibn Athir book, al Kamal, that the conquest of Ubulla by Arfajah and Utbah were bloodless, as the Sassanid garrison somehow terrified by the besiegers so they gave up fighting and leave Ubulla undefended, allowing Utbah and Arfajah to capture it. Then after they take Ubulla and used it as headquarters, Utbah and Arfajah commence operation in south-eastern Iraq, and capturing [[Maysan Governorate]].

Later, Arfajah also witnessed the [[Battle of al-Qadisiyyah]] under [[Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas]]. Arfajah marched from Basra to Join Sa'd before the battle, while also brought 400 to 700 Azd cavalry under him, which he brought earlier in the conquest of Ubulla.<ref name="Muhammad Ahmad Bashamil" /> Arfajah then placed under the banner of [[Al-Mughira|al Mughira ibn Shu'bah]], whose company in total were about 1,500-1,800 soldiers.<ref name="Muhammad Ahmad Bashamil">{{cite book|last1=Bashamil|first1=Muhammad Ahmad|date=1985|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CnQzAAAAIAAJ&q=%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%A9++%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9|publisher=Dar Al-Turath Library|page=580|script-title=ar:القادسية و معارك العراق|trans-title=Qadisiyah and the battles of Iraq|access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref> As the Muslims has emerged victorious from the hard battle in Qadisiyah, they immediately marched towards the Sassanid capital, which are nicknamed by the Arabs as [[Al-Mada'in]].<ref name="web archive al Islamiyyah Ibn Athir3">{{cite web|last1=Ibn Athir|first1=Ali|date=10 November 2018|title=الكامل في التاريخ|url=https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20181110120133/http://www.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=126&ID=281&idfrom=399&idto=408&bookid=126&startno=8&_x_tr_sl=ar&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=id&_x_tr_pto=nui,sc|website=Al-Islamiyyah|publisher=al Islamiyyah|trans-title=al Kamal fi Tarikh; page 546|access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref> Sa'd lead the Muslim army to cross the river and engaged in the [[Siege of Ctesiphon (637)|besiege the capital]], until [[Yazdegerd III]] fled and the capital fallen to the Muslims.<ref name="Planning of New Arab Islamic Cities in the Rashidun Era (13-40 AH / 634-661 AD)">{{cite book|last1=al-Hawla|first1='Ali|date=2011|url=https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7/L_2KCgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0|title=تخطيط المدن العربية الإسلامية الجديدة في العصر الراشدي (13-40 هـ / 634-661 م)|publisher=Dar az Zahran|isbn=9796500011547|page=60|trans-title=Planning of New Arab Islamic Cities in the Rashidun Era (13-40 AH / 634-661 AD)|access-date=21 November 2021}}</ref> Sa'd and his army, including Arfajah stay for while in the conquered capital of Sassanid and manage to establish base there.<ref name="web archive al Islamiyyah Ibn Athir" />

==== Pemerintahan Mosul Pertama ====
Later, at the month of [[Safar]] in the year 16 A.H., the supreme commander of eastern theater, Sa'd ibn abi Waqqas, was informed that the people of Mosul had gathered in [[Tikrit]] with a man from the Byzantine called Al-Antiqa.<ref name="translate ibn Kathir" /> Sa'd then wrote to Umar regarding the issue of the people of Mosul who had gathered in Tikrit with Al-Antiqa. The caliph ordered him to take initiative, then Sa'd appoint Abdullah ibn Al-Mu'tam as the commander of the operation. Abdullah ibn Mu'tam arranged the formation in manner that he appoint Rabi'i bin Al-Afkal as vanguard, Al-Harith ibn Hassan on the right wing, Furat ibn Hayyan on the left wing, while Hani ibn Qais, and Arfajah bin Harthama on the cavalry.<ref name="translate ibn Kathir">{{cite web|last1=Ibn Kathir|first1=Abu al-Fiḍā 'Imād Ad-Din Ismā'īl ibn 'Umar|date=2 October 2018|title=page 83 البداية والنهاية|url=https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20181002143247/http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?idfrom=761&idto=761&bk_no=59&ID=836&_x_tr_sl=ar&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=id&_x_tr_pto=nui,sc|website=Al-Islamiyyah|access-date=20 November 2021|author-link1=Ibn Kathir}}</ref> The [[Rashidun cavalry]] which led by Arfajah were the first to arrive in Tikrit, where they facing the Byzantine army allied with [[Iyad (tribe)|Iyad]] and [[Taghlib|Taghlib ibn Wa'il]] tribe.<ref name="Mawsili history of Mousul">{{cite book|last1=al Mawsili|first1=Sulaiman Sayid|date=2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uJFLDwAAQBAJ|title=The history of Mosul 1-2 c 1|publisher=Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah|isbn=978-2745179449|access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref> After they finished with Tikrit, Ibn al-Mu'ta'm sent Rabi'i ibn al-Afkal and Arfajah to subdue [[Nineveh]] and Mosul, before the news about Byzantine under Antiqa defeat in Tikrit spreading wide.<ref name="Ali Sa'd Hijazi; caliph Umar">{{cite book|last1=al-Hijazi|first1=Ali Sa'd Ali|date=2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZopMDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT158%5C|title=العدالة العمرية من سيرة أمير المؤمنين عمر بن الخطاب (رضي الله عنه)|publisher=Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah|isbn=978-2745162380|page=160|language=ar|trans-title=Age justice from the biography of the Commander of the Faithful Omar Ibn Al-Khattab (may God be pleased with him)|access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref> then both Arfajah and Ibn al Mu'ta'm succeeded to force surrender from both city and subject both to Jizya tribute.<ref name="Mahmud Sheet Khattab2">{{cite book|last1=Khattab|first1=Mahmud Sheet|date=2010|url=https://waqfeya.net/book.php?bid=5243|title=دة فتح العراق والجزيرة|page=358|trans-title=Leaders of the Conquest of Iraq and Al-Jazeera|ref=https://translate.google.com/website?sl=ar&tl=en&nui=1&prev=search&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221140933/https://ia800306.us.archive.org/BookReader/BookReaderImages.php?zip%3D/0/items/waq11917/11917_jp2.zip%26file%3D11917_jp2/11917_0360.jp2%26scale%3D4%26rotate%3D0|access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>

However, regarding Mosul there is conflicting reports that [[Khalifah ibn Khayyat]] recorded the one who subdue Mosul was instead [[Iyad ibn Ghanm]], governor of [[Jazira Region|Jazira]], as Jazira were adjacent to Mosul.<ref name="untrustworthy Shia pigs website 3">{{cite web|last1=Ibn Khayyat|first1=Khalifa|title=History of Khalifa bin Khayat - Khalifa bin Khayat Al Asfari - page 97|url=http://shiaonlinelibrary.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8/3055_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B7-%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_94|website=Shia Online Library|publisher=Shia Online Library|access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref> The alternative explanation were offered by [[Al-Baladhuri|Baladhuri]] who giving a reconcilliary explanation that Arfajah were indeed the first conqueror of Mosul, while Mosul rebelled sometimes later, which then recaptured for the second time now by Iyad ibn Ghanm.<ref name="Unreliable Shia pig website source 4">{{cite web|last1=Baladhuri|first1=Ahmad ibn Yahya|title=Fotouh Al-Buldan - Al-Baladhuri - Part 1 - page 210|url=http://shiaonlinelibrary.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8/3465_%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%AC-%D9%A1/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_245|website=Shia Online Library|publisher=Shia Online Library|access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref> However, Baladhuri admit that his version were narrated through unreliable chains.<ref name="Unreliable Shia pig website source 4" />

Due to instruction from caliph Umar, Arfaja Al-Bariqi set up a garrison ([[Amsar]]) in [[Mosul]],<ref name="Medieval Urban Landscape in Northeastern Mesopotamia">{{cite book|last1=Nováček|first1=Karel|last2=Melčák|first2=Miroslav|last3=Starková|first3=Lenka|date=2017|url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Medieval_Urban_Landscape_in_Northeastern/SogxEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0|title=Medieval Urban Landscape in Northeastern Mesopotamia|publisher=Archaeological Publishing Limited|isbn=9781784915193|page=68|access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref> and was appointed Wali (governor) there,<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=uhjSiRAwGuEC&pg=PA134&dq=Arfaja+Harthama&hl=ar&sa=X&ei=trbdT_zRFonN6QHF8q2MCw&ved=0CGcQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Arfaja%20Harthama%20MAWSIL&f=false Iraq After The Muslim Conquest]،</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=2yROvV2N0QMC&pg=PA91&dq=Arfaja+Harthama+Mosul&hl=ar&sa=X&ei=x8LdT_HPJI6y8QSnq6H7Cg&ved=0CEMQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Arfaja%20Harthama%20Mosul&f=false Constructing Al-Azd: Tribal Identity and Society in the Early Islamic Centuriesد]،</ref> particularly managing the revenue.<ref name="Shibli Nu'mani; Umar, the second caliph of Iislam">{{cite book|last1=Nu'mani|first1=Shibli|date=1962|url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Omar_the_Great_the_Second_Caliph_of_Isla/gnpIAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=Arfaja%20harthama%20vessel|title=Omar the Great, the Second Caliph of Islam|publisher=the University of Michigan|page=43|access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref> The area of Mosul was very sparsely populated when it was conquered by the Muslims. During the reign of [[Umar]], the Muslim army found it a suitable place to construct a base. Later, when the area was settled and a mosque was erected, [[Umar]] ordered the resettlement of the 4000 settlers to [[Mosul]]. The new buildings were constructed from mud bricks, instead of reeds, a material that was popular in the region and other already populated areas were greatly expanded. At [[Mosul]], Harthama, at the command of Umar, constructed a fort, few churches, a mosque and a locality for the Jewish population. He used it as his headquarters for the northern military operations. Utba consolidated his position in Tikrit and later advanced to Bajurmi and Shahrazour where his troops settled there. At [[Mosul]] Arfaja at the command of [[Umar]], constructed a fort, few churches, a mosque and a locality for the Jewish population.<ref>Nadvi (2000), pg. 418</ref> Until this moment, [[Ibn Khaldun]] has remarked the rivalry between Arfajah with Jarir ibn Abdullah al-Bajali over leadership of the [[Bajila]] tribe army.<ref name="Ibn Khaldun introduction edited by Rami Touqan">{{cite book|last1=IBN KHALDOUN|first1=ABDULRAHMAN IBN MOHAMMED|date=2016|url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/THE_INTRODUCTION_OF_IBN_KHALDOUN/xR5LDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0|title=THE INTRODUCTION OF IBN KHALDOUN|publisher=Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية|isbn=9782745183958|editor1-last=TOUQAN|editor1-first=RAMI|page=41|access-date=23 November 2021}}</ref>

==== Pendiri Basra ====
[[Berkas:AMH-5342-NA_View_of_Basra_and_'Gordelaan'_castle.jpg|jmpl|320x320px|View of Basra in circa 1695, by Dutch cartographer [[Isaak de Graaf]]]]
After a short tenure of his governance, Arfajah instructed by caliph Umar to march with his 700 Azd soldiers to march towards the location which will be known in the future as [[Basra]], while delegate the governance of Mosul to al Harith ibn Hassan.<ref name="Al Ansab wa al Asr">{{cite book|last1=al Ghulami|first1=Abd al Mun'im|date=1965|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=deEfAAAAMAAJ&q=%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84+%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%87%D8%A7|title=الأنساب والأسر|publisher=Shafiq Press|isbn=8987990397|page=104|access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref> Arfajah and Utbah then founded the [[Amsar]](garrison city) which named as Basra, where the military encampment in the location gradually supported with further permanent structures and growing into large settlement,<ref name="Mahmud Sheet Khattab3">{{cite book|last1=Khattab|first1=Mahmud Sheet|date=2010|url=https://waqfeya.net/book.php?bid=5243|title=دة فتح العراق والجزيرة|page=327|trans-title=Leaders of the Conquest of Iraq and Al-Jazeera|ref=https://translate.google.com/website?sl=ar&tl=en&nui=1&prev=search&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221140933/https://ia800306.us.archive.org/BookReader/BookReaderImages.php?zip%3D/0/items/waq11917/11917_jp2.zip%26file%3D11917_jp2/11917_0360.jp2%26scale%3D4%26rotate%3D0|access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref> as Arfajah instructed his soldiers to construct seven tribal complexes which can fit the 700 garrison troops.<ref name="Mahmud Sheet Khattab5">{{cite book|last1=Khattab|first1=Mahmud Sheet|date=2010|url=https://waqfeya.net/book.php?bid=5243|title=دة فتح العراق والجزيرة|page=332|trans-title=Leaders of the Conquest of Iraq and Al-Jazeera|ref=https://translate.google.com/website?sl=ar&tl=en&nui=1&prev=search&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221140933/https://ia800306.us.archive.org/BookReader/BookReaderImages.php?zip%3D/0/items/waq11917/11917_jp2.zip%26file%3D11917_jp2/11917_0360.jp2%26scale%3D4%26rotate%3D0|access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref> Then Arfajah instructed to built houses of mud bricks, plaster and mud to replace the camps.<ref name="more untrusted Shia pigs website 5">{{cite web|last1=Ibn Faqih|first1=Ahmad ibn Muhammad|title=al Buldan(countries) Part: 1 Page: 229|url=https://ar.lib.eshia.ir/40529/1/229|website=Library E-Shia|publisher=Library E-Shia|access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref> As the buildings stands, Arfajah and other army leaders such as [[Mujaz'ah ibn Thawr as-Sadusi]], and Arfajah fellow tribesmen, [[Hudhayfah al-Bariqi|Hudhayfah ibn Muhsin]], started to fill the complex with tribes of Azd, Tamim, and tribe of [[Banu Shayban|Sadus ibn Shayban]].<ref name="Ibn Sa'd Tabaqat al Kubra">{{cite book|last1=Ibn Sa'd|first1=Abū 'Abd Allāh Muḥammad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fVCgDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA730|title=Tabaqat al Kubra|page=730|author-link1=Ibn Sa'd|access-date=22 November 2021}}</ref>

Arfajah then designed seven dams of adobe in Basra, two in the settlement of Al-Khuraybah, one in az-Zabuqah, two in [[Banu Tamim]], and the last two in al-Azd tribe settlement<ref name="bALADHURI fUTUH AL BULDAN4">{{cite book|last1=Baladhuri|first1=Ahmad|date=1866|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-9UOAAAAQAAJ|title=كتاب فتوح البلدان(Futuh al Buldan)|publisher=E.J BRILL|page=341|access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref>

==== Membantu Al-Ala Al-Hadrami di Fars ====
In 17 AH, al Ala commencing a naval operation towards Fars without permission from the caliph.<ref name="Mahmud Shakir; Persian History">{{harvnb|Shakir|2005|p=83}}</ref> However, the three forces sent by al Ala were beaten badly by the Sassanids and stranded overseas as their ships and boats were burned by the Sassanids.<ref name="Mahmud Shakir; Persian History" /> Some of the ships managed to arrive into mainlands of Arabia and informed al Ala, who in turn asking for assistance from the caliph.<ref name="Ali Sa'ad Hijazi; Rightly guided 2">{{cite book|last1=al-Hijazi|first1=Ali Sa'd Ali|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0y2OCXgfigC&pg=PT176|title=Islamic History - Part 3: The Rightly-Guided Caliphs|publisher=Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah|page=163|language=ar|access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref> 'Umar responded in the month of [[Sha'ban|Shaban]] of 17 AH, Umar wrote to Utbah to mobilize army forces to assist Al-Ala Al-Hadrami to the province of Persia and set sail by sea.<ref name="Siyar A'lam Nubala Arabic">{{cite book|last1=adh-Dhahabi|first1=Shams ad Din|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EHsgDgAAQBAJ|title=سير أعلام النبلاء - الجزء الأول|publisher=ktab Inc.|page=77|language=Arabic|trans-title=Siyar A'lam Nubala|author-link1=Al-Dhahabi|access-date=21 November 2021}}</ref>

In response, Utbah sent an army of 12,000 fighters, which led by [[Asim ibn Amr al-Tamimi]], Arfajah bin Harthama, [[Ahnaf ibn Qais]], and Abu Sabrah bin Abi Rahm.<ref name="Ali Ibn Athir; At-Tarikh">{{cite book|last1=Ibn Athir|first1=Ali|date=1987|url=https://waqfeya.net/book.php?bid=1106|title=at-Tarikh; Part: 2|publisher=دار الكتب العلمية|page=539|access-date=21 November 2021}}</ref><ref name="Ibn Khaldun Tarikh">{{cite book|last1=Ibn Khaldun|first1=Abū Zayd 'Abd ar-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad|date=2018|url=https://al-maktaba.org/book/12320|title=Tarikh Ibn Khaldun; c 2 s 2|publisher=al Maktaba|page=110|author-link1=Ibn Khaldun|access-date=21 November 2021}}</ref> In this rescue operation, Arfajah advising Utbah a strategy to sent the forces of Abu Sabrah alone to the coastal area, in order to bait the Sassanid forces while hiding their main forces beyond the sight of the enemy and even the isolated Muslim forces that they intend to rescue. Then as Sassanid army saw Abu Sabrah came with only few soldiers, they immediately gave chase as they though it is the whole Muslim reinforcement soldiers. At this certain moment, Utbah commence Arfajah final plan to commit his main forces to flank the unexpected Sassanid force, causing heavy casualties on them and routing them, thus this operation of relieving al Ala Hadrami mariners which has being posed to danger of being isolated in the Persian soil were succeeded.<ref name="Miskawayh">{{cite book|last1=Ibn Miskawayh|first1=Abū ʿAlī Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb|date=2000|url=https://al-maktaba.org/book/12396|title=كتاب تجارب الأمم وتعاقب الهمم|publisher=al Maktaba al Shamilat|page=371|trans-title=The Book of Nations Experiences and the Succession of Determination|author-link1=Miskawayh|access-date=21 November 2021}}</ref><ref name="Al Lalika'i">{{cite book|last1=al Lakika'i|first1=Abu Rabi'|date=2018|url=https://al-maktaba.org/book/9770|title=كتاب الاكتفاء بما تضمنه من مغازي رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - والثلاثة الخلفاء|publisher=Al Maktaba|page=549|access-date=21 November 2021}}</ref>

Then as Utbah marched his army to return to Basra, he himself passed away while performing [[Hajj]] in 17 AH during the month of [[Dhu al-Hijjah]].<ref name="al Bidayah wa Nihayah" /> Arfajah now acted as the administrator of Basra as Utbah passed away<ref name="Mahmud Sheet Khattab6">{{cite book|last1=Khattab|first1=Mahmud Sheet|date=2010|url=https://waqfeya.net/book.php?bid=5243|title=دة فتح العراق والجزيرة|page=359|trans-title=Leaders of the Conquest of Iraq and Al-Jazeera|access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>

==== Penaklukan Khuzestan ====
[[Berkas:Al_Istakhri_map.jpg|ka|jmpl|263x263px|[[Khuzestan]] map of [[Istakhri|al-Istakhri]], Abbasid geographer]]
After the Muslims landed in Basra in Dhul-Hijjah in the year 16 AH, the Islamic army was subjected to Persian raids led by [[Hormuzan]] from the city of [[Ahvaz]] which bordering Basra.<ref name="الاكتفا بما تضمنه من مغازي رسول الله (ص) والثلاثة الخلفا 1-2 ج2" /> Before his natural death, Utbah send an army which commanded by Arfajah, Hudhaifah bin Muhsin, Mujaza bin Thawr, Husayn ibn Al Qa'qa, Ashim ibn Amr, and Salma ibn Al Qain, who lead in 700 soldiers each.<ref name="الاكتفا بما تضمنه من مغازي رسول الله (ص) والثلاثة الخلفا 1-2 ج2">{{cite book|last1=bin Musa|first1=abi al Rabie sulayman|date=2000|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ryx0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT534|title=الاكتفا بما تضمنه من مغازي رسول الله (ص) والثلاثة الخلفا 1-2 ج2|publisher=Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah|page=535|access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref> These Basra contingents were further reinforced by garrison of [[Kufa]], governed by Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, before the battle against Hormuzan.<ref name="Battle of Nahavand book; Suhaila al Hussein">{{cite book|last1=al Hussein|first1=Suhaila|date=2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BOpPDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT40|title=معركة نهاوند|publisher=Cultural House for Publishing and Distribution|isbn=978-9773392062|page=68|access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref> Before they engage Hormuzan, Arfajah and the Muslim armies marches to the vicinity of the area, to subdue several places including [[Kashkar]], to cut off supply route and reinforcements for the Sassanids in Ahvaz.<ref name="Kitab al Jami; Bamatraf">{{harvnb|Bamatraf|1981}}</ref> Arfajah managed to defeat the Hormuzan in this battle and the latter sued for peace.<ref name="Battle of Nahavand book; Suhaila al Hussein" />

In 18 AH, Arfajah began to the [[Muslim conquest of Khuzestan|conquest of Khuzestan]], as they then marching towards [[Ramhormoz]].<ref name="web archive al Islamiyyah Ibn Athir">{{cite web|last1=Ibn Athir|first1=Ali|date=2 October 2018|title=الكامل في التاريخ|url=https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20181002141701/http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?idfrom=425&idto=425&bk_no=126&ID=297&_x_tr_sl=ar&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=id&_x_tr_pto=nui,sc|website=Al-Islamiyyah|publisher=al Islamiyyah|trans-title=al Kamal fi Tarikh; page 546|access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref> Arfajah marched on with [[Al-Bara' ibn Malik]], Majza' bin Thawr, and reinforcements from Kufah led by Abu Sabrah ibn Abi Rahm,<ref name="web archive al Islamiyyah Ibn Athir" /> until they rendezvouz with the forces from [[Kufa]] led by [[Al-Nu'man ibn Muqrin]] and merged their forces to face Hormuzan.<ref name="Ibn Khaldun Tarikh2">{{harvnb|Ibn Khaldun|2018|p=112}}</ref> Then they later defeated Hormuzan, who led the Sassanid resistance before in Ahvaz. Hormuzan then flee from Ramhormoz and escape towards [[Shushtar]], which then chased by the Muslim armies that ended in the lengthy [[Siege of Shushtar]], which is where Hormuzan finally taken captive.<ref name="Kitab al Jami; Bamatraf" />

After the [[Siege of Shushtar]], Arfajah continued to press deeper of Khuzestan with [[Abu Musa al-Ash'ari]] and [[Al-Nu'man ibn Muqrin]] capturing [[Shush, Iran|Shush]],<ref name="Ibn Khaldun Tarikh3">{{harvnb|Ibn Khaldun|2018|p=113}}</ref> until Arfajah arrived in the great [[Battle of Nahavand]],<ref name="al Bidayah wa Nihayah" /> which result sealed the fate of Sassanid forever as more than 100,000 Sassanid soldiers killed in this battle alone,<ref name="Zarrinkub">{{cite book|last=Zarrinkub|first=Abd al-Husain|year=1975|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hvx9jq_2L3EC|title=The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-20093-6|pages=1–57|chapter=The Arab conquest of Iran and its aftermath}}</ref>

=== Pemerintahan Mosul Kedua ===
[[Berkas:مدينة_الموصل.jpg|jmpl|300x300px|Grand mosque of Mosul.]]
Arfajah showing his energy after he was appointed for the second time as governor of Mosul, as he built four new districts of Arab Muslim soldiers and their families in both in Mosul,<ref name="study Ibn Abd al-Hakam">{{cite book|last1=Ibn-ʻAbd-al-Ḥakam|first1=Abu-ʼl-Qāsim ʻAbd-ar-Raḥmān Ibn-ʻAbdallāh|date=1975|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tEYJAQAAIAAJ&q=%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A9|title=دراسات عن إبن عبد الحكم|publisher=Library of Cairo|page=70|trans-title=Studies of Ibn Abd al Hakam|access-date=21 November 2021}}</ref> In addition, Arfajah arranged fortifications in frontiers delegated soldiers and men to them to protect the borders of the caliphate territory.

In year 25 AH, Arfajah choose a small village near [[Nineveh]] in the eastern bank of [[Tigris]] to built new garrison city,<ref name="Army and weapons">{{cite book|date=1988|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PWLfAAAAMAAJ&q=%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%A9+%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A9|title=الجيش والسلاح, المجلد 4|publisher=University of Michigan|pages=52|trans-title=The Army and the Weapon , Volume 4/Volume 4 of al-Jaysh wa-al-silāḥ The|access-date=22 November 2021}}</ref><ref name="bALADHURI fUTUH AL BULDAN2">{{cite book|last1=Baladhuri|first1=Ahmad|date=1866|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-9UOAAAAQAAJ|title=كتاب فتوح البلدان(Futuh al Buldan)|publisher=E.J BRILL|page=235|access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref> which later known as city of Haditha Mosul(new Mosul),<ref name="Mawwali: The Umayyad state">{{cite book|last1=Miṣrī|first1=Jamīl ʻAbd Allāh Muḥammad|date=1988|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bRUxAAAAIAAJ&q=%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%A9|title=الموالي: موقف الدولة الأموية منهم|publisher=Dar Umm Qura|page=41|access-date=21 November 2021}}</ref> that in the future will be simply known as city of [[Haditha]]. These garrison cities under Arfajah became main headquarters and supply route for the army that were sent to [[Muslim conquest of Armenia]] and[[Muslim conquest of Azerbaijan]].<ref name="bALADHURI fUTUH AL BULDAN2" />

Later, in year 26 AH, as the caliphate under [[Uthman ibn al-Affan]] annexed the city [[Erbil]], Arfajah handled the affair with [[Kurds]] inhabitants in the city, by facilitating dialogues with them, started to built Mosque and tasking the [[Quran]] to be promoted in the city.<ref name="Kurds; Barzanji">{{cite book|last1=Barzanji|first1=Tarifa Ahmad Uthman|date=2010|url=https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B1/dRRHDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA45&printsec=frontcover|title=إسهامات العلماء الاكراد في بناء الحضارة الإسلامية خلال القرنين السابع والثامن الهجريين، 1314 م. : العلوم النظرية|publisher=Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah|isbn=978-2745166234|page=45|trans-title=Contributions of Kurdish Scholars in Building Islamic Civilization during the Seventh and Eighth Hijri Centuries|access-date=22 November 2021}}</ref> While also setting up armed forces in this area to control security and [[Kharaj]] revenue.<ref name="Paul Wheatley">{{cite book|last1=Wheatley|first1=Paul|date=2001|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rTUJgFtVpA0C|title=The Places Where Men Pray Together: Cities in Islamic Lands, Seventh Through ...|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=0226894282|edition=Illustrated|page=104|author-link1=Paul Wheatley|access-date=22 November 2021}}</ref>

In the year 29 AH The next wave of Arab Muslim settlers arrived in Iraq under leadership of [[Abdallah ibn Amir]], the governor of Basra at that time.<ref name="al Bidayah wa Nihayah" /> This forces were instructed by caliph Uthman to initiate the [[Muslim conquest of Sistan]] and [[Muslim conquest of Khorasan]].<ref name="al Bidayah wa Nihayah" /> Thus to assist their conquest, Arfajah sent out settler contingents numbered 4,000 soldiers came from the tribe of [[Azd]], [[Kinda (tribe)|Kindah]], [[Tayy]], and [[Banu Abdul Qays|Abdul Qays]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Usd al-ghabah fi marifat al-Saḥabah}}</ref> Then, as those soldiers returned to Mosul after the conquest, Arfajah host these soldiers his jurisdiction cities of Mosul and Haditha, while sent them to commence routine raids against remaining Sassanid elements, while maintain [[Ribat]] military patrols on the borders.<ref name="Manhal al Awliya">{{cite book|last1=ʻUmarī|first1=Muḥammad Amīn ibn Khayr Allāh|date=1967|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jFdAAQAAIAAJ&q=%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%AC%D8%A9++%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%84%D9%87%D9%85+%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A9|title=Manhal al-awliyāʼ wa-mashrab al-aṣfiyāʼ min sādāt al-Mawṣil al-ḥudabāʼ , Volume 1|publisher=Maṭbaʻat al-Jumhūrīyah|access-date=22 November 2021}}</ref>

For the rest of Arfajah tenure in Mosul, Mosul became one of the most important city in Iraq that were immediately filled by immigrant Arab soldiers, and non-Arab [[Arameans]] and [[Persians]], who also poured into the city in large numbers,<ref name="Ancient History Iraq; al-Hamdani" /> as the settlements within Arfajah jurisdictions was growing and extended between the borders of [[Euphrates Region]] in the north towards [[Kufa]] in the south.<ref name="Brian John Ulrich; Azd Identity5">{{harvtxt|Ulrich|2008|p=225}}</ref> Thus, it became one of the fastest growing urban, administrative and economic centers in Caliphate.<ref name="Ancient History Iraq; al-Hamdani">{{cite book|last1=Shuhailat|first1=Ali|last2=al-Hamdani|first2=Abdul Aziz Ilyas|date=2011|url=https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%AA%D8%A7/BERLDwAAQBAJ?hl=en|title=مختصر تاريخ العراق (تاريخ العراق القديم) 1-6 ج4|publisher=Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية|page=381|trans-title=Brief History of Iraq (Ancient History of Iraq) 1-6 Part 4|access-date=22 November 2021}}</ref>

Arfajah ruled Mosul until his death in 34 AH/654 AD

== Warisan ==
[[Berkas:Grand_mosque_of_Mosul_.jpg|jmpl|400x400px|Great mosque (Masjid Jami) of [[Mosul]] which designed by Arfajah.]]
{{ill|Mahmoud Sheet Khattab|ar|محمود شيت خطاب}} viewed that Arfajah were underrated hero who only gained small attention in history, despite the fact he was the first Muslim Arab leader who lead the battle on the sea.<ref name="Mahmud Sheet Khattab 325">{{harvtxt|Khattab|2010|p=325}}</ref> however, his contribution for Islamic naval history were doubtless, as Mahmoud further remarked that naval warfare before Arfajah were still uncommon concept for majority of Arabs.<ref name="Mahmud Sheet Khattab 325" /> Mahmoud also spots another underrated attention toward Arfajah for his part for the overall conquest of Persia, where he gained small attention, despite Arfajah, by any means, has marked huge contributions for it.<ref name="Mahmud Sheet Khattab 325" />

[[Ibn al-Kalbi]] said that Arfajah were the first who built [[Amsar]], or Islamic fortess garrison with [[Caravanserai]] feature, that accommodated the settlements of Muslim soldiers in the annexed territories permanently and also setting up the public facilites and Mosques in said Amsar.<ref name="Yaqut Hamawi Maj">{{harvnb|al-Hamawi|1995|p=230}}</ref>

Arfajah also known being the first architect of the [[Mosul Grand Mosque|great Umayyad mosque of Mosul]], which later further expanded and rebuilt by [[Marwan ibn Muhammad]] during the era of Umayyad Caliphate.<ref name="Ibn al Faqih; Kitab al Buldan">{{cite book|last1=ibn al-Faqih al-Hamadani|first1=Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad|date=1996|url=https://al-maktaba.org/book/11685|title=كتاب البلدان لابن الفقيه|location=Beirut|publisher='Alam al-Kitab|editor1=Yusuf al Hadi|edition=First|trans-title=The book of Countries(Kitab al Buldan)|ref=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/mosul%E2%80%99s-first-mosque-radio-alghad/ywVxCBM7XufOtw?hl=en|author-link1=Ibn al-Faqih|access-date=23 November 2021}}</ref><ref name="Mosque of Mosul; Google-Al-Ghadd Radio">{{cite web|title=Mosul's First Mosque|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/mosul%E2%80%99s-first-mosque-radio-alghad/ywVxCBM7XufOtw?hl=en|website=Google Arts & Culture|publisher=Al-Ghadd Radio|access-date=23 November 2021}}</ref> In modern era, [[Nineveh Governorate]] municipality announced on 18 February 2019 that reconstruction of the mosque was resumed, albeit damages caused by [[ISIS]], with a 50 million dollar grant from the [[United Arab Emirates]]. Completion date was not set.<ref>{{cite web|date=18 February 2019|title=محافظة نينوى : البدء بإعمار جامع الموصل الكبير|url=http://awajelpress.com/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D8%A9-%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A8%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84/|publisher=Awajel Press}}</ref>

Moreover, {{ill|Mahmud Abdul Qadir al-Bamatraf|ar|محمد عبد القادر بامطرف}}, a [[Yemeni]] historian, consider Arfajah as pioneer of [[Arabization]] and [[Islamization]] in Mosul.<ref name="al Jami'; Bamatraf 2">{{harvnb|Bamatraf|1981|p=Chapter 3; p. 32}}</ref>

=== Hurqus & Khawarij Irak ===
It is said that {{ill|Hurqus ibn Zuhayr as-Sa'di|ar|حرقوص بن زهير السعدي}}, more famously known as Dhu Khuwaissirah at-Tamimi, a Tamim tribe chieftain, first generation [[Kharijites]]<ref name="Timani & Lang">{{cite book|last1=Timani|first1=Hussam S.|date=2008|url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Modern_Intellectual_Readings_of_the_Khar/F2F92guvrgAC?hl=en&gbpv=0|title=Modern Intellectual Readings of the Kharijites|isbn=9780820497013|editor1-last=Lang|editor1-first=Peter|page=9|format=Hardcover|access-date=23 November 2021}}</ref> and veteran of the [[Battle of Hunayn]] were participated among one of the Arab settler hosts which brought by Arfajah during [[Muslim conquest of Khuzestan|Conquest of Khuzestan]], Hurqus participation recorded particularly when he was sent by Rashidun army superiors to defeat Hormuzan in 638 at Ahvaz (known as [[Ahvaz|Hormizd-Ardashir]] in modern era), and forced the city to pay jizya (poll-tax).{{sfn|Jalalipour|2014|p=7}}

Hurqus were known to protested against prophet Muhammad policy during Hunayn, and being prophesied by the latter that he will revolting against Caliphate later. During the reign of Uthman, long time after Arfajah passed away, Hurqus was one of the ringleaders from Basra that conspired to assassinate [[Uthman]].<ref name="Caliph Uthman assassination">{{cite book|last1=Subani|first1=Hamad|date=2013|url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/The_Secret_History_of_Iran/zKKNBQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0|title=The Secret History of Iran|isbn=9781304082893|page=44|format=Paperback|access-date=23 November 2021}}</ref> During the Caliphate of [[Ali]], Hurqus were among those who fight him in the [[Battle of Nahrawan]]. Despite being suppressed by Ali, remnants of Hurqus hosts of Kharijites survived and would later influenced the splinter sects of [[Azariqa]], [[Sufri|Sufriyyah]], and the [[Najdat]] radical sects that will plagued the entire history of Rashidun Caliphate, [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]], and [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasid]] with endemic rebellions.

Another troublesome Kharijite embryos that also came to Iraq under Arfajah were the ones that hail from [[Bajila]] tribe,<ref name="Donner 3">{{harvnb|Donner|2014|p=196,197,342}}</ref> Arfajah had many problems in his rule with this tribe,<ref name="Donner 4">{{harvnb|Donner|2014|p=381}}</ref> that according to [[Sayf ibn Umar]], Arfajah even need to place his Azd tribesmens among the Bajalis settlement to keep them in check, as the Bajalis often quarrelled and inciting problems.<ref name="Brian John Ulrich; Azd Identity 2">{{harvtxt|Ulrich|2008|p=97}}</ref> It is appeared that the Bajilas at first has followed Arfajah from Omani at certain point during the early phase of the Conquest of Persia,<ref name="Early Islamic Oman2">{{harvtxt|al-Rawas|1990|pp=80–248}}</ref> Before Arfajah abandon them after the conquest of Ubulla, and relinquish the leadership of Bajalis to {{ill|Jarir ibn Abdullah al-Bajali|ar|جرير بن عبد الله البجلي|id|Jarir bin Abdullah al-Bajali}} in the instruction of Caliph Umar, who then further instructed the Bajalis to move toward Kufa.<ref name="Tabari; Khalid Yahya Blankinship">{{cite book|last1=Tabari|first1=Muhammad ibn Jarir|date=2015|url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/History_of_al_Tabari_Vol_11_The/xbwtJ2mJ5zsC?hl=en&gbpv=0|title=The History of Al-Tabari Vol. 11 The Challenge to the Empires A.D. 633-635/A.H. 12-13|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=9780791496848|page=2014|language=English|translator=Khalid Yahya Blankinship|format=Ebook|author-link1=Al-Tabari|access-date=23 November 2021}}</ref> From this tribe, [[Abd Allah ibn Wahb al-Rasibi]] has rise in the era of Ali, to form the [[Ibadi Islam|Ibāḍiyya Wahb]] sect, that even survived up to 20th century modern era in Oman.<ref name="fatwa Dar al Ifta" />

The Kharijites sects, believed by most scholars of Islam started by Hurqus, were one of the most radical splinter sect in Islam that does not have qualm to slaughter and seize the wealth of other Muslims whom they view were not adherent enough to Islamic teaching, while accusing the incumbent authority with most extreme form of [[takfir]](excommunication from Islam).<ref name="fatwa Dar al Ifta">{{cite web|last1=al- Qadri|first1=Muhammad Tahir|date=2021|title=The Kharijites of the past & QSIS of today: two faces of the same coin?|url=https://www.dar-alifta.org/foreign/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=614&text=caliph|website=Dar al Ifta Missriyyah Fatwa on Terrorism and Suicide Bombings by Dr. Muhammad Tahir al- Qadri|publisher=Dar al Ifta Missriyyah|access-date=23 November 2021}}</ref> The Kharijites were collectively called as Haruriyya/Haruri, as their first open rebellion against the authority in history occurred during their gathering in a village named al-Haruri.<ref name="fatwa Dar al Ifta" />

== Peminaian ==
Mahmoud Sheet Khattab, an Iraqi minister, military commander, historian and writer (1919 - 1998), noted that Arfajah was fine example of the rare Arab courage, that even after the devastating defeat in the Battle of Bridge, caliph [[Umar]] continue to trust him.<ref name="Mahmud Sheet Khattab">{{cite book|last1=Khattab|first1=Mahmud Sheet|date=2010|url=https://waqfeya.net/book.php?bid=5243|title=دة فتح العراق والجزيرة|page=361|trans-title=Leaders of the Conquest of Iraq and Al-Jazeera|ref=https://translate.google.com/website?sl=ar&tl=en&nui=1&prev=search&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221140933/https://ia800306.us.archive.org/BookReader/BookReaderImages.php?zip%3D/0/items/waq11917/11917_jp2.zip%26file%3D11917_jp2/11917_0360.jp2%26scale%3D4%26rotate%3D0|access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref> Mahmoud also praised Arfajah as one of the best warriors under [[Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas]] during the [[Battle of al-Qadisiyyah]] and after [[Siege of Ctesiphon (637)|Siege of Ctesiphon]], as Mahmoud remarked his strong will and mentality that keep his work ethic, despite suffered setback once in the Battle of the Bridge, while also praising his innovation of naval warfare among Muslim Arabs.<ref name="Mahmud Sheet Khattab" />

Caliph Umar praise Arfajah as military strategy expert at one time and urged [[Utba ibn Ghazwan|Utbah ibn Ghazwan]], the first governor of Basra, to rely on his counsel.<ref name="Kandahlawi biography of companions" /> and indeed, Utbah known to depends heavily on Arfajah skill for the matters of both military and administration during his tenure in Iraq.<ref name="Mahmud Sheet Khattab2" /> 20th century [[Syria (region)|Syrian]] jurist, [[Ali Al-Tantawi]], in his book praised Arfajah for his decisiveness in crucial moments.<ref name="Ali al Tantawi;Arfajah">{{cite book|last1=al-Tantawi|first1=Ali|date=1988|url=https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20191221143110/https://ia802600.us.archive.org/BookReader/BookReaderImages.php?zip=/16/items/Wa3yIslami300/281_jp2.zip&file=281_jp2/281_0109.jp2&scale=1&rotate=0&_x_tr_sl=ar&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=id&_x_tr_pto=nui,sc|title=Arfajah ibn Harthamah|page=110|access-date=22 November 2021}}</ref> While [[Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani]] in his biography remarks the charismatic leadership of Arfajah as his presence can raise the morale of his soldiers.

Aside from his military skills, Utbah were also praised for his civil administrations for his founding of city of Basra, and his administration of Mosul after the conquest, as President of [[University of Mosul|Mosul University]], Sa'id Al-Diwaji remarked: ''"...(Arfajah) Al-Barqi was a person who has a passion for organization, [[urbanization]], [[urban planning]], and persuade the Arabs to reside in conquered lands, especially the one like Mosul..."''<ref name="Mosul university president">{{cite book|last1=al Diwaji|first1=Sa'id|date=1963|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UV0dAQAAMAAJ&q=%D9%85%D9%85%D9%86+%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85|title=جوامع الموسل في مختلف العصور|publisher=Shafiq Press|access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref>

Regarding his social intelligence, according to {{ill|Salama ibn Muslim ibn Ibrāhīm al-ʿAwtabī|ar|أبو المنذر الصحاري|it|Al-ʿAwtabī}}, Arfajah has a good [[Physiognomy]] judgement, as he was the one who recognized the talent of the young [[Al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra]], future famous [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] leader, despite [[Abdur Rahman ibn Samura]] dismissed the boy due to his young age.<ref name="Awtabi">{{harvtxt|al-Awtabi|1991}}</ref><ref name="Brian Ulrich">{{harvtxt|Ulrich|2019}}</ref>

== Lihat juga ==

* [[Early Caliphate navy]]
* [[Islamization of Iran]]
* [[Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent]]

== Daftar pustaka ==

=== Referensi ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Sumber ===
{{refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}
'''Buku'''
* {{Cite book|last1=Abed|first1=Ibrahim|last2=Hellyer|first2=Peter|date=2001|url=https://archive.org/details/unitedarabemirat00vine|title=United Arab Emirates: a new perspective|location=London|publisher=Trident Press|isbn=1900724472|pages=[https://archive.org/details/unitedarabemirat00vine/page/n80 81]|oclc=47140175|url-access=limited}}
* {{cite book|last1=Abru|first1=Hafiz|date=2019|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ygH1DwAAQBAJ|title=Jagrāfiyā-yi Ḥāfiẓ-i Abrū. Volume 2 : Mushtamil bar jaghrāfiyā-yi tārīkhi-yi Midītirana, Armanistān, Firingistān, Jazīra, ʿIrāq, Khūzistān wa Fārs|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-9004402348|page=102|access-date=19 November 2021}}
* {{cite book|last1=al-Awtabi|first1=Salamah ibn Muslim|date=1991|url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/An_Early_Islamic_Family_from_Oman/j4AcAAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=arfaja+harthama+oman&dq=arfaja+harthama+oman&printsec=frontcover|title=An Early Islamic Family from Oman Al-'Awtabī's Account of the Muhallabids|publisher=University of Manchester|isbn=9780951612408|volume=1|translator=Martin Hinds|access-date=19 November 2021}}
* {{Cite book|last=Hawley|first=Donald|date=1970|url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/The_Trucial_States/OnhCBuXmeWYC?hl=en&gbpv=0|title=The Trucial States|location=London|publisher=Allen & Unwin|isbn=9780049530058|pages=48|oclc=152680}}
* * {{cite book|last1=Bamatraf|first1=Muhammad Abdul Qadir|date=1981|url=https://ketabpedia.com/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%8C-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86/|title=الجامع ، جامع شمل اعلام المهاجرين المنتسبين إلى اليمن وقبائلهم – محمد عبد القادر بامطرف|publisher=Dar ar Rasheed|access-date=21 November 2021}}
* {{cite book|last1=Donner|first1=Fred M.|date=2014|url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/The_Early_Islamic_Conquests/l5__AwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&kptab=editions|title=The Early Islamic Conquests|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=9781400847877|page=40|access-date=19 November 2021}}
* {{cite book|last1=al-Hamawi|first1=Yaqut|date=1995|url=https://al-maktaba.org/book/23735|title=Mu'jam al Buldan (Dictionary of Countries)|publisher=Dar as Sadr|author-link1=Yaqut al-Hamawi|access-date=22 November 2021}}
* {{cite book|last1=Ibn Ḥazm|first1=Abū Muḥammad ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad ibn Saʿīd|date=2018|url=https://ar.lib.eshia.ir/40506/1/367|title=جمهرة أنساب العرب Vol 1|publisher=ar-lib-eshia-ir|page=367|access-date=19 November 2021}}
* {{Cite book|last=Heard-Bey|first=Frauke|date=2005|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PIzaQAAACAAJ|title=From Trucial States to United Arab Emirates : a society in transition|location=London|publisher=Motivate|isbn=1860631673|pages=128|oclc=64689681}}
* {{cite book|last1=Hinds|first1=Martin|date=1996|url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Studies_in_Early_Islamic_History/x0dtAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Arfaja+Harthama+ubulla&dq=Arfaja+Harthama+ubulla&printsec=frontcover|title=Studies in early Islamic history|location=the University of Michigan|publisher=Darwin Press|isbn=9780878501090|page=202|access-date=19 November 2021}}
* {{cite book|last1=Ibn Kathir|first1=Ismail|date=2003|url=https://www.islamweb.net/ar/library/index.php?page=bookcontents&ID=609&idfrom=557&idto=718&flag=0&bk_no=59&ayano=0&surano=0&bookhad=0|title=البداية والنهاية|publisher=Islamweb|author-link1=Ibn Kathir|access-date=19 November 2021}}
* {{cite book|last1=Jabr|first1=Hessa Abdel Rahman|date=2004|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4GutHaw71SUC&q=%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A+%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7|title=الحياة الاقتصادية في فارس: خلال الفترة من 232-334 هـ/846-945 م|publisher=King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies|isbn=9960726568|trans-title=Economic life in Persia : during the period from 232-334 AH / 846-945 AD|access-date=19 November 2021}}
*{{cite book|last=Jalalipour|first=Saeid|year=2014|url=https://sites.uci.edu/sasanika/files/2020/01/GradPaper-JalalipourStudyofSasanianKhuzestan.pdf|title=The Arab Conquest of Persia: The Khūzistān Province before and after the Muslims Triumph|publisher=Sasanika}}
* {{cite book|last1=Kennedy|first1=Hugh|date=2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pk7BS9XC10QC|title=The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In|publisher=Hachette UK|isbn=978-0297865599|access-date=19 November 2021}}
* {{cite book|last1=Kurzman|first1=Charles|date=2002|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o1RwknhNOJsC&dq=Arfaja+Harthama&pg=PA311|title=Modernist Islam, 1840-1940: A Sourcebook|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0199882509|access-date=21 November 2021}}
* {{cite book|last1=Le Strange|first1=Guy|date=2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jam6DQAAQBAJ&pg=PT133|title=Fārs-nāma of Ibnu l-Balkhī|publisher=Casemate Publishers|isbn=9781909724679|page=112|access-date=19 November 2021}}
* {{cite book|last1=al Maghlouth|first1=Sami ibn Abdullah|date=2015|url=https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/%D8%A3%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85/3uAsDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0|title=أطلس الفتوحات الإسلامية|publisher=العبيكان|isbn=9789960548517|access-date=20 November 2021}}
* {{cite book|last1=Muir|first1=William|date=1924|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SCwfAQAAMAAJ&q=B%C3%A2ri%C4%B7i+sent++fars|title=Studies in History, Economics, and Public Law, Volume 68, Issue 2 Volume 68, Issue 2 of Columbia Studies in the Social Sciences , Columbia University. Faculty of Political Science Studies in History, Economics, and Public Law , Columbia University. Faculty of Political Science|publisher=Columbia University Press|access-date=19 November 2021}}
* {{cite book|last1=Pourshariati|first1=Parvaneh|date=2021|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MlEjEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA354|title=Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran|publisher=Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies|isbn=978-6144453704|language=ar|translator=Anis Abdel Khaleq Mahmoud|access-date=19 November 2021}}
* {{cite book|last1=Rawi|first1=Thabit Ismail|date=1970|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OFku1AIX8F0C&q=%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AB%D8%A9+%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A9|title=Tārīkh al-Dawlah al-ʻArabīyyah: Khilāfat al-Rashīdin w-al-Umuwiyīn|publisher=Maṭbaʻat al-Irshād|access-date=19 November 2021}}
* {{cite book|last1=Shakir|first1=Mahmud|date=2005|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p0ArDAAAQBAJ|title=Encyclopedia of Persian Gulf History: Part One|isbn=9796500011394|page=83|access-date=21 November 2021}}
* {{cite book|last1=Tabari|first1=Muhammad ibn Jarir|date=2021|url=http://shiaonlinelibrary.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8/3475_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%AC-%D9%A2/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_646|title=History of al-Tabari part 2|publisher=Shia Online Library|page=646|access-date=19 November 2021}}
* {{cite book|last1=Ulrich|first1=Brian John|date=2008|url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Constructing_Al_Azd/vIYKAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=Arfaja%20harthama%20navy|title=Constructing Al-Azd Tribal Identity and Society in the Early Islamic Centuries|publisher=the University of Wisconsin - Madison|access-date=20 November 2021}}
* {{cite book|last1=Ulrich|first1=Brian|date=2019|url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Empire_and_Elites_after_the_Muslim_Conqu/iYlSHyDWUtQC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=arfaja+harthama&pg=PA36&printsec=frontcover|title=Arabs in the Early Islamic Empire Exploring Al-Azd Tribal Identity|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=9781474436823|access-date=19 November 2021}}

'''Jurnal'''
* {{cite journal|last1=al-Rawas|first1=Isam Ali Ahmad|date=1990|title=Early Islamic Oman (ca - 622/280-893) : a political history|url=http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1497/|journal=Theses, Durham University|access-date=22 November 2021}}

'''Website'''
* {{cite web|last1=Sergani|first1=Ragheb|author-link=Ragheb Sergani|date=2006|title=موقعة الجسر|url=https://islamstory.com/ar/artical/19914/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%B1|website=التاريخ الإسلامي دون تشويه أو تزوير|publisher=التاريخ الإسلامي دون تشويه أو تزوير|access-date=19 November 2021}}

{{Refend}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-bef|before=}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Mosul#History|Caliphate governor of Mosul]]|years=637-?}}
{{s-aft|after=}}
{{s-bef|before=}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Mosul#History|Caliphate governor of Mosul]]|years=646-654}}
{{s-aft|after=}}
{{s-bef|before=}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Haditha|Caliphate governor of Haditha]]|years=646-654}}
{{s-aft|after=}}

{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Kategori:654 deaths]]
[[Kategori:6th-century Arabs]]
[[Kategori:7th-century Arabs]]
[[Kategori:Arab generals]]
[[Kategori:Admirals of the Rashidun Caliphate]]
[[Kategori:Banu Bariq]]
[[Kategori:Companions of the Prophet]]
[[Kategori:Generals of the Rashidun Caliphate]]
[[Kategori:Governors of the Rashidun Caliphate]]
[[Kategori:History of Yemen]]
[[Kategori:Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia]]
[[Kategori:Medieval Muslim generals]]
[[Kategori:People of the Rashidun Caliphate]]
[[Kategori:People of the Muslim conquest of Persia]]
[[Kategori:Rashidun governors of Mosul]]
[[Kategori:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Kategori:Yemeni Muslims]]

Revisi per 26 Februari 2022 00.23

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