Psikoterapi afirmatif gay
Psikoterapi afirmatif gay adalah psikoterapi untuk kaum gay atau lesbian. Tujuannya adalah agar orang yang mengikuti terapi ini dapat menerima orientasi seksualnya dan tidak mencoba untuk "mengubah"nya menjadi heteroseksual atau menghilangkan ketertarikan sesama jenisnya. Psikoterapi ini dilandasi pada konsensus dan bukti-bukti ilmiah bahwa homoseksualitas bukanlah sebuah penyakit kejiwaan. Penerimaan terhadap kaum homoseksual justru merupakan komponen yang penting dalam upaya untuk menanggulangi penyakit kejiwaan lain atau penyalahgunaan narkotika yang diakibatkan oleh diskriminasi dan stigma.[1]
Psikoterapi afirmatif gay disarankan bagi mereka yang belum bisa menerima orientasi seksualnya.[1] Di sisi lain, organisasi-organisasi kesehatan tidak menyarankan upaya untuk mengubah orientasi seksual karena bisa berdampak negatif terhadap kesehatan kejiwaan.[2][3] Pada tanggal 17 Mei 2012, Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) menyatakan bahwa layanan "penyembuhan" homoseksualitas sama sekali tidak memiliki landasan medis yang kuat dan justru malah membahayakan kesehatan kejiwaan mereka yang mengikuti "terapi" tersebut.[4]
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ a b APA:Guidelines for Psychotherapy with Lesbian, Gay, & Bisexual Clients
- ^ "Just the Facts about Sexual Orientation & Youth". American Psychological Association. Diakses tanggal 2011-04-02.
- ^ "Bachmann Silent on Allegations Her Clinic Offers Gay Conversion Therapy". ABC News. Diakses tanggal June 13, 2011.
- ^ ""Therapies" to change sexual orientation lack medical justification and threaten health". Pan American Health Organization. Archived from the original on 2012-05-26. Diakses tanggal 26 May 2012.archived .
Daftar pustaka
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Adelman, M. (1990). Stigma, gay lifestyles, and adjustment to aging: A study of later-life gay men and lesbians. Journal of Homosexuality, 20(3-4), 7-32.
- Allen, M., & Burrell, N. (1996). Comparing the impact of homosexual and heterosexual parents on children: Meta-analysis of existing research. Journal of Homosexuality, 32(2), 19-35.
- Allison, K., Crawford, I., Echemendia, R., Robinson, L., Knepp, D. (1994). Human diversity and professional competence: Training in clinical and counseling psychology revisited. American Psychologist, 49, 792-796.
- American Psychological Association. (1998). Appropriate therapeutic responses to sexual orientation in the proceedings of the American Psychological Association, Incorporated, for the legislative year 1997. American Psychologist, 53(8), 882-939.
- Browning, C. (1987). Therapeutic issues and intervention strategies with young adult lesbian clients: A developmental approach. Journal of Homosexuality, 14(1/2), 45-52.
- Buhrke, R. (1989). Female student perspectives on training in lesbian and gay issues. Counseling Psychologist, 17, 629-636.
- Cabaj, R., & Klinger, R. (1996). Psychotherapeutic interventions with lesbian and gay couples. In R. Cabaj & T. Stein (Eds.), Textbook of homosexuality and mental health (pp. 485–502). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
- Canadian Psychological Association. (1995). Canadian code of ethics for psychologists. [On-line]. Available: http://www.cycor.ca/Psych/ethics/html[pranala nonaktif permanen]
- Cornett, C. (1993). Affirmative Dynamic Psychotherapy With Gay Men. New York: Jason Aronson Press. ISBN 978-1-56821-001-8
- Etengoff, Chana; Daiute, Colette (2015). "Clinicians' Perspective of the Relational Processes for Family and Individual Development During the Mediation of Religious and Sexual Identity Disclosure". Journal of Homosexuality. 62 (3): 394–426. doi:10.1080/00918369.2014.977115. PMID 25364980.
- Richard Isay, (1993). Schwul sein. Die psychologische Entwicklung des Homosexuellen. München: Piper. ISBN 3-492-11683-3 (Original 1989: Being homosexual. Gay men and their development. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.)
- Journal of Gay & Lesbian Psychotherapy, Homosexuality and Psychoanalysis revisited, 2002, 6. ed., Nr. 1
- Lebolt, J. (1999). Gay affirmative psychotherapy: A phenomenological study. Clinical Social Work, 27 (4), 355-370.
- Pachankis, J. E., & Goldfried, M. R. (2004). Clinical issues in working with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, and Training, 41, 227-246.
- Udo Rauchfleisch, (2002). Gleich und doch anders: Psychotherapie und Beratung von Lesben, Schwulen, Bisexuellen und ihren Angehörigen. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta. ISBN 3-608-94236-X
- Kathleen Ritter and Anthony Terndrup, (2002). Handbook of Affirmative Psychotherapy with Lesbians and Gay Men. New York: Guilford. ISBN 1-57230-714-5