Tengrisme: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Revisi terkini sejak 27 April 2024 20.34

Tengrism (terkadang dipergayakan sebagai Tengriism), kadang-kadang disebut sebagai Tengrianism (Turki: Tengricilik, Old Turkic：, bahasa Azerbaijan: Tenqriçilik, bahasa Turkmen: Taňryçylyk, bahasa Mongolia: Тэнгэр шүтлэг, bahasa Rusia: Тенгрианство, Hanzi: 腾格里), adalah istilah modern^[1] untuk agama di Asia Tengah dicirikan dengan perdukunan, animisme, totemisme, baik kemusyrikan dan tauhid,^[2]^[3]^[4] maupun pemujaan leluhur. Secara historis, itu adalah agama utama dari Turki, Mongol, Hungaria dan Bulgaria.^[5] Itu adalah agama negara dari negara-negara Turki kuno seperti Khaganate Göktürks, Khaganate Avar, Khaganate Turki Barat, Besar Bulgaria, Kekaisaran Bulgaria dan Timur Tourkia. Sebagai kebangkitan modern, Tengrism telah menganjurkan meragukan untuk mendiskusikan kalangan intelektual bangsa Turki dari Asia Tengah, termasuk Tatarstan, Buryatia, Kyrgyzstan dan Kazakhstan, pada tahun-tahun setelah pembubaran Uni Soviet (1990 sampai sekarang)..^[6] Hal ini masih aktif dipraktikkan dan menjalani kebangkitan terorganisir di Yakutia, Khakassia, Tuva, dan negara-negara Turki lainnya dalam Rusia. Burkhanism adalah gerakan kerabat untuk Tengrism terkonsentrasi di Altay. Khukh dan Tengri harfiah berarti "biru" dan "langit" di Mongolia dan Mongolia modern masih berdoa kepada "Munkh Khukh Tengri" ("Blue Sky Abadi"). Oleh karena itu Mongolia kadang-kadang puitis disebut oleh Mongolia sebagai "Land of Blue Sky Abadi" ("Munkh Khukh Tengriin Oron" di Mongolia). Dalam Tengriism Turki modern juga dikenal sebagai Dini Göktanrı, "God of Blue Sky",^[5] Turki "gok" (langit) dan "Tanri" (Allah) sesuai dengan khukh Mongolia (biru) dan Tengri (langit), masing-masing .

Tempat suci[sunting | sunting sumber]

Berikut ini adalah danau dan gunung suci bagi penganut Tengrisme:^[7]

Catatan kaki[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ The spelling Tengrism is found in the 1960s, e.g. Bergounioux (ed.), Primitive and prehistoric religions, Volume 140, Hawthorn Books, 1966, p. 80. Tengrianism is a reflection of the Russian term, Тенгрианство. It is reported in 1996 ("so-called Tengrianism") in Shnirelʹman (ed.), Who gets the past?: competition for ancestors among non-Russian intellectuals in Russia,Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1996, ISBN 978-0-8018-5221-3, p. 31 in the context of the nationalist rivalry over Bulgar legacy. The spellings Tengriism and Tengrianity are later, reported (deprecatingly, in scare quotes) in 2004 in Central Asiatic journal, vol. 48-49 (2004), p. 238. The Turkish term Tengricilik is also found from the 1990s. Mongolian Тэнгэр шүтлэг is used in a 1999 biography of Genghis Khan (Boldbaatar et. al, Чингис хаан, 1162-1227, Хаадын сан, 1999, p. 18).
^
Michael Fergus, Janar Jandosova, Kazakhstan: Coming of Age, Stacey International, 2003, p.91:
- "[...] a profound combination of monotheism and polytheism that has come to be known as Tengrism."
^ H. B. Paksoy, Tengri in Eurasia, 2008
^ Napil Bazylkhan, Kenje Torlanbaeva in: Central Eurasian Studies Society, Central Eurasian Studies Society, 2004, p.40
^ ^a ^b "There is no doubt that between the 6th and 9th centuries Tengrism was the religion among the nomads of the steppes" Yazar András Róna-Tas, Hungarians and Europe in the early Middle Ages: an introduction to early Hungarian history, Yayıncı Central European University Press, 1999, ISBN 978-963-9116-48-1, p. 151.
^ Saunders, Robert A. and Vlad Strukov (2010). Historical Dictionary of the Russian Federation. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. hlm. 412–413. ISBN 978-0810854758.
^ "A Spell In Time: Bulgarian Myth and Folklore". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-06-15. Diakses tanggal 2012-12-22.

Buku[sunting | sunting sumber]

Türklerin ve Moğolların Eski Dini / Jean-Paul Roux, ISBN 975-8240-70-6
Altay Türklerinde Ölüm / Jean-Paul Roux, ISBN 975-997-091-0
Tengrianism: Religion of Türks and Mongols (Tengrianizm: Türklerin ve Moğolların Dini) / Rafael Bezertinov (Kitaptan bölümler (İngilizce) Diarsipkan 2006-01-05 di Wayback Machine.)
Türklerde Maddi Kültürün Oluşumu / Emel ESİN, ISBN 975-997-029-5
Türk Mitolojisi, Yazar:Murat Uraz, ISBN 9759792359
Fuzuli Bayat, Hoca Ahmed Yesevi ve Halk Sufizminin Bazı Problemleri, Ağrıdağ, Baku, 1997
Fuzuli Bayat, Türk Şaman Metinleri, Efsaneler ve Memoratlar, Piramit, Ankara, 2004. ISBN 975-8854-37-2
Fuzuli Bayat, "Anadolu Halk Sufizminin Oluşmasında Şamanlığın Rolü", Uluslararası Anadolu İnançları KongresiBildirileri, 23-28 Ekim 2000, Ürgüp/Nevşehir, Ankara, 2001
Abdülkadir İnan, Tarihte ve Bugün Şamanizm, Türk Tarih Kurumu, 2000.
Esat Korkmaz,Eski Türk İnançları Ve Şamanizm Terimleri Sözlüğü, Anahtar Kitaplar Yayınevi, Istanbul, 2003
Bruno J. Richtsfeld: Rezente ostmongolische Schöpfungs-, Ursprungs- und Weltkatastrophenerzählungen und ihre innerasiatischen Motiv- und Sujetparallelen; in: Münchner Beiträge zur Völkerkunde. Jahrbuch des Staatlichen Museums für Völkerkunde München 9 (2004), S. 225–274.
Yusuf Ziya Yörükan, Müslümanlıktan Evvel Türk Dinleri. Şamanizm. Ankara, 2005
Fuzuli Bayat, Ana Hatlarıyla Türk Şamanlığı, Ötüken Neşriyat, İstanbul, 2006.

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Brent, Peter. The Mongol Empire: Genghis Khan: His Triumph and his Legacy. Book Club Associates, London. 1976.
Bruno J. Richtsfeld: Rezente ostmongolische Schöpfungs-, Ursprungs- und Weltkatastrophenerzählungen und ihre innerasiatischen Motiv- und Sujetparallelen; in: Münchner Beiträge zur Völkerkunde. Jahrbuch des Staatlichen Museums für Völkerkunde München 9 (2004), S. 225–274.

Pranala luar[sunting | sunting sumber]

TENGRY.ORG - Tengrism in Russia Diarsipkan 2012-12-18 di Wayback Machine.
Circle of Tengerism: an organization dedicated to the preservation of Siberian and Mongolian shaman traditions Diarsipkan 2006-09-09 di Wayback Machine.
Excerpt from Tengrianizm: Religion of Turks and Mongols, by Rafael Bezertinov Diarsipkan 2006-01-05 di Wayback Machine.
Temple of Tengri: online temple of modern Tengriism Diarsipkan 2010-04-03 di Wayback Machine.
Virtual Temple of Tengri Diarsipkan 2012-05-12 di Wayback Machine.
Shamanism (Tengerism) in Mongolia
Julie Stewart's course in Mongolian shamanism--introduction
Bog je Jedan blog: Avar Tengrism in Croatia Diarsipkan 2011-07-08 di Wayback Machine.
"Tenri on Mars" by HB Paksoy Diarsipkan 2011-06-14 di Wayback Machine.
AK JANG IN THE CONTEXT OF ALTAI RELIGIOUS TRADITION

[1] The spelling Tengrism is found in the 1960s, e.g. Bergounioux (ed.), Primitive and prehistoric religions, Volume 140, Hawthorn Books, 1966, p. 80. Tengrianism is a reflection of the Russian term, Тенгрианство. It is reported in 1996 ("so-called Tengrianism") in Shnirelʹman (ed.), Who gets the past?: competition for ancestors among non-Russian intellectuals in Russia,Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1996, ISBN 978-0-8018-5221-3, p. 31 in the context of the nationalist rivalry over Bulgar legacy. The spellings Tengriism and Tengrianity are later, reported (deprecatingly, in scare quotes) in 2004 in Central Asiatic journal, vol. 48-49 (2004), p. 238. The Turkish term Tengricilik is also found from the 1990s. Mongolian Тэнгэр шүтлэг is used in a 1999 biography of Genghis Khan (Boldbaatar et. al, Чингис хаан, 1162-1227, Хаадын сан, 1999, p. 18).

[PolyMono-2] Michael Fergus, Janar Jandosova, Kazakhstan: Coming of Age, Stacey International, 2003, p.91:
"[...] a profound combination of monotheism and polytheism that has come to be known as Tengrism."

[3] "[...] a profound combination of monotheism and polytheism that has come to be known as Tengrism."

[3] H. B. Paksoy, Tengri in Eurasia, 2008

[4] Napil Bazylkhan, Kenje Torlanbaeva in: Central Eurasian Studies Society, Central Eurasian Studies Society, 2004, p.40

[p._151-5] "There is no doubt that between the 6th and 9th centuries Tengrism was the religion among the nomads of the steppes" Yazar András Róna-Tas, Hungarians and Europe in the early Middle Ages: an introduction to early Hungarian history, Yayıncı Central European University Press, 1999, ISBN 978-963-9116-48-1, p. 151.

[6] Saunders, Robert A. and Vlad Strukov (2010). Historical Dictionary of the Russian Federation. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. hlm. 412–413. ISBN 978-0810854758.

[7] "A Spell In Time: Bulgarian Myth and Folklore". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-06-15. Diakses tanggal 2012-12-22.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

@@ Baris 1: / Baris 1: @@
+{{periksa terjemahan|en|Tengrism}}
-[[Berkas:Shamans Drum.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Sebuah diagran kosmologikal dari sebuah drum [[shaman]] pada awal abad ke 20. <ref>The original drawing was made in 1909-1913, during the ethnograpical expeditions in South Siberia, in the Altai mountains. The head of those expeditions was Anokhin A.V. (Anokhin Andrei Viktorovich). The drawing was published in Anokhin A.V.  ''Materialy po shamanstvy u altaitsev'' (Materials on the Shamanism of the Altai people). Leningrad, 1924, and reprinted as ''Sbornik Muzeia Antropologii i etnografii Akademii Nauk SSSR'' (Collection of the museum of Anthropology and Ethnography), vol.4, issue 2. [http://www.sacred-texts.com/earth/boe/img/fig080.jpg Drawings]. [http://www.nbi.dk/~natphil/Siberian.html ''Parts of a story of a world picture''].</ref>]]
-'''Tengrism''' (terkadang dipergayakan sebagai '''Tengriism'''), kadang-kadang disebut sebagai '''Tengrianism''' ({{lang-tr|Tengricilik}}, [[Old Turkic]]：[[File:Orkhon.svg|35px]], {{lang-az|Tenqriçilik}}, {{lang-tk|Taňryçylyk}}, {{lang-mn|Тэнгэр шүтлэг}}, {{lang-ru|Тенгрианство}}, {{lang-zh|腾格里}}), adalah istilah modern<ref>
+'''Tengrism''' (terkadang dipergayakan sebagai '''Tengriism'''), kadang-kadang disebut sebagai '''Tengrianism''' ({{lang-tr|Tengricilik}}, [[Old Turkic]]：[[Berkas:Orkhon.svg|35px]], {{lang-az|Tenqriçilik}}, {{lang-tk|Taňryçylyk}}, {{lang-mn|Тэнгэр шүтлэг}}, {{lang-ru|Тенгрианство}}, {{lang-zh|腾格里}}), adalah istilah modern<ref>
 The spelling ''Tengrism'' is found in the 1960s, e.g. Bergounioux (ed.), ''Primitive and prehistoric religions'', Volume 140, Hawthorn Books, 1966, p. 80.
 ''Tengrianism'' is a reflection of the Russian term, {{lang|ru|Тенгрианство}}. It is reported in 1996 ("so-called Tengrianism") in Shnirelʹman (ed.), ''Who gets the past?: competition for ancestors among non-Russian intellectuals in Russia'',Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1996, ISBN 978-0-8018-5221-3, [http://books.google.ch/books?id=4iwHp8amsdEC&pg=PA31&dq=Tengrianism&hl=de&sa=X&ei=OBlKT6-9MNDOsgaEtdGUBQ&ved=0CEIQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Tengrianism&f=false p. 31] in the context of the nationalist rivalry over [[Bulgars#Legacy|Bulgar legacy]]. The spellings ''Tengriism'' and ''Tengrianity'' are later, reported (deprecatingly, in scare quotes) in 2004 in ''Central Asiatic journal'', vol. 48-49 (2004), [http://books.google.ch/books?id=GeRVAAAAYAAJ&q=Tengriism&dq=Tengriism&hl=de&sa=X&ei=oBhKT9qIOsPitQb-w-WUBQ&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA p. 238].
-The Turkish term {{lang|tr|''Tengricilik''}} is also found from the 1990s. Mongolian {{lang|mn|Тэнгэр шүтлэг}} is used in a 1999 biography of [[Genghis Khan]] (Boldbaatar et. al, {{lang|mn|Чингис хаан, 1162-1227}},  {{lang|mn| Хаадын сан}}, 1999, [http://books.google.ch/books?id=OMIMAQAAMAAJ&q=%22%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8D%D1%80+%D1%88%D2%AF%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B3%22&dq=%22%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8D%D1%80+%D1%88%D2%AF%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B3%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=HVBLT4yGBImhOtPRtf8N&redir_esc=y p. 18]).</ref> untuk [[agama]] di [[Asia Tengah]] dicirikan dengan perdukunan, animisme, totemisme, baik kemusyrikan dan tauhid,<ref name="PolyMono">Michael Fergus, Janar Jandosova, [http://books.google.de/books?id=jAu9ttUqiJoC Kazakhstan: Coming of Age], Stacey International, 2003, p.91:
+The Turkish term {{lang|tr|''Tengricilik''}} is also found from the 1990s. Mongolian {{lang|mn|Тэнгэр шүтлэг}} is used in a 1999 biography of [[Genghis Khan]] (Boldbaatar et. al, {{lang|mn|Чингис хаан, 1162-1227}}, {{lang|mn| Хаадын сан}}, 1999, [http://books.google.ch/books?id=OMIMAQAAMAAJ&q=%22%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8D%D1%80+%D1%88%D2%AF%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B3%22&dq=%22%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8D%D1%80+%D1%88%D2%AF%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B3%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=HVBLT4yGBImhOtPRtf8N&redir_esc=y p. 18]).</ref> untuk [[agama]] di [[Asia Tengah]] dicirikan dengan perdukunan, animisme, totemisme, baik kemusyrikan dan tauhid,<ref name="PolyMono">Michael Fergus, Janar Jandosova, [http://books.google.de/books?id=jAu9ttUqiJoC Kazakhstan: Coming of Age], Stacey International, 2003, p.91:
-*"''[...] a profound combination of monotheism and polytheism that has come to be known as Tengrism.''"</ref><ref>H. B. Paksoy, [http://historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?action=read&artid=783 Tengri in Eurasia], 2008</ref><ref>Napil Bazylkhan, Kenje Torlanbaeva in: [http://books.google.de/books?id=FcQuAQAAIAAJ Central Eurasian Studies Society], Central Eurasian Studies Society, 2004, p.40</ref> maupun pemujaan leluhur. Secara historis, itu adalah agama utama dari Turki, Mongol, Hongaria dan Bulgaria <ref>"There is no doubt that between the 6th and 9th centuries Tengrism was the religion among the nomads of the steppes" Yazar	András Róna-Tas, ''Hungarians and Europe in the early Middle Ages: an introduction to early Hungarian history'', Yayıncı Central European University Press, 1999, ISBN 978-963-9116-48-1, [http://books.google.com/books?id=I-RTt0Q6AcYC&pg=PA151&dq=hungarians+tengrism&hl=tr&ei=5dfbTfyDNsSUswbrr43wDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false p. 151].</ref>. Itu adalah agama negara dari negara-negara Turki kuno seperti Khaganate Göktürks, Khaganate Avar, Khaganate Turki Barat, Besar Bulgaria, Kekaisaran Bulgaria dan Timur Tourkia.
+* "''[...] a profound combination of monotheism and polytheism that has come to be known as Tengrism.''"</ref><ref>H. B. Paksoy, [http://historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?action=read&artid=783 Tengri in Eurasia], 2008</ref><ref>Napil Bazylkhan, Kenje Torlanbaeva in: [http://books.google.de/books?id=FcQuAQAAIAAJ Central Eurasian Studies Society], Central Eurasian Studies Society, 2004, p.40</ref> maupun pemujaan leluhur. Secara historis, itu adalah agama utama dari Turki, Mongol, Hungaria dan Bulgaria.<ref name="p. 151">"There is no doubt that between the 6th and 9th centuries Tengrism was the religion among the nomads of the steppes" Yazar	András Róna-Tas, ''Hungarians and Europe in the early Middle Ages: an introduction to early Hungarian history'', Yayıncı Central European University Press, 1999, ISBN 978-963-9116-48-1, [http://books.google.com/books?id=I-RTt0Q6AcYC&pg=PA151&dq=hungarians+tengrism&hl=tr&ei=5dfbTfyDNsSUswbrr43wDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false p. 151].</ref> Itu adalah agama negara dari negara-negara Turki kuno seperti Khaganate Göktürks, Khaganate Avar, Khaganate Turki Barat, Besar Bulgaria, Kekaisaran Bulgaria dan Timur Tourkia.
-Sebagai kebangkitan modern, Tengrism telah menganjurkan meragukan untuk mendiskusikan kalangan intelektual bangsa Turki dari Asia Tengah, termasuk Tatarstan, Buryatia, Kyrgyzstan dan Kazakhstan, pada tahun-tahun setelah pembubaran Uni Soviet (1990 sampai sekarang)..<ref>{{cite book|last=Saunders|first=Robert A. and Vlad Strukov|title=Historical Dictionary of the Russian Federation|year=2010|publisher=Scarecrow Press|location=Lanham, MD|isbn=978-0810854758|pages=412-413|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=l_uAoNJiOMwC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> Hal ini masih aktif dipraktekkan dan menjalani kebangkitan terorganisir di Yakutia, Khakassia, Tuva, dan negara-negara Turki lainnya dalam Rusia. Burkhanism adalah gerakan kerabat untuk Tengrism terkonsentrasi di Altay.
+Sebagai kebangkitan modern, Tengrism telah menganjurkan meragukan untuk mendiskusikan kalangan intelektual bangsa Turki dari Asia Tengah, termasuk Tatarstan, Buryatia, Kyrgyzstan dan Kazakhstan, pada tahun-tahun setelah pembubaran Uni Soviet (1990 sampai sekarang)..<ref>{{cite book|last=Saunders|first=Robert A. and Vlad Strukov|title=Historical Dictionary of the Russian Federation|year=2010|publisher=Scarecrow Press|location=Lanham, MD|isbn=978-0810854758|pages=412-413|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=l_uAoNJiOMwC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> Hal ini masih aktif dipraktikkan dan menjalani kebangkitan terorganisir di Yakutia, Khakassia, Tuva, dan negara-negara Turki lainnya dalam Rusia. [[Burkhanisme | Burkhanism]] adalah gerakan kerabat untuk Tengrism terkonsentrasi di Altay.
-Khukh dan Tengri harfiah berarti "[[biru]]" dan "[[langit]]" di Mongolia dan Mongolia modern masih berdoa kepada "Munkh Khukh Tengri" ("Blue Sky Abadi"). Oleh karena itu Mongolia kadang-kadang puitis disebut oleh Mongolia sebagai "Land of Blue Sky Abadi" ("Munkh Khukh Tengriin Oron" di Mongolia). Dalam Tengriism Turki modern juga dikenal sebagai Dini Göktanrı, "God of Blue Sky", <ref>"There is no doubt that between the 6th and 9th centuries Tengrism was the religion among the nomads of the steppes" Yazar	András Róna-Tas, ''Hungarians and Europe in the early Middle Ages: an introduction to early Hungarian history'', Yayıncı Central European University Press, 1999, ISBN 978-963-9116-48-1, [http://books.google.com/books?id=I-RTt0Q6AcYC&pg=PA151&dq=hungarians+tengrism&hl=tr&ei=5dfbTfyDNsSUswbrr43wDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false p. 151].</ref> Turki "gok" (langit) dan "Tanri" (Allah) sesuai dengan khukh Mongolia (biru) dan Tengri (langit), masing-masing .
+Khukh dan Tengri harfiah berarti "[[biru]]" dan "[[langit]]" di Mongolia dan Mongolia modern masih berdoa kepada "Munkh Khukh Tengri" ("Blue Sky Abadi"). Oleh karena itu Mongolia kadang-kadang puitis disebut oleh Mongolia sebagai "Land of Blue Sky Abadi" ("Munkh Khukh Tengriin Oron" di Mongolia). Dalam Tengriism Turki modern juga dikenal sebagai Dini Göktanrı, "God of Blue Sky",<ref name="p. 151"/> Turki "gok" (langit) dan "Tanri" (Allah) sesuai dengan khukh Mongolia (biru) dan Tengri (langit), masing-masing .
 == Tempat suci ==
-Berikut ini adalah [[danau]] dan [[gunung]] suci bagi penganut Tengrisme:<ref>[http://www.spellintime.fsnet.co.uk/Folklore.htm A Spell In Time: ''Bulgarian Myth and Folklore'']</ref>
+Berikut ini adalah [[danau]] dan [[gunung]] suci bagi penganut Tengrisme:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.spellintime.fsnet.co.uk/Folklore.htm |title=A Spell In Time: ''Bulgarian Myth and Folklore'' |access-date=2012-12-22 |archive-date=2012-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615031135/http://www.spellintime.fsnet.co.uk/Folklore.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
-[[Berkas:Peak of Khan Tengri at sunset.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Puncak gunung Khan Tengri (Kazakhstan)]]
+[[Berkas:Peak of Khan Tengri at sunset.jpg|jmpl|ka|200px|Puncak gunung Khan Tengri (Kazakhstan)]]
 * [[Pegunungan Beydigin]] {{flag|Turki}}
 * [[Gökırmak]] (Skyriver) {{flag|Turki}}
 * [[Kızılırmak]] (Redriver) {{flag|Turki}}
-* [[Tian Shan]] {{flag|Cina}}
+* [[Tian Shan]] {{flag|Tiongkok}}
 * [[Khan Tengri]] {{flag|Kazakhstan}}
 * [[Kyzyl-bash]] {{flag|Kazakhstan}}
 * [[Burkhan Khaldun|Gunung Burkhan Khaldun]] {{flag|Mongolia}}
 * [[Pegunungan Altai]] {{flag|Mongolia}}
 * [[Otgontenger|Gunung Otgontenger]] {{flag|Mongolia}}
 * [[Issyk Kul]] {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
 * [[Musala]] {{flag|Bulgaria}}
@@ Baris 29: / Baris 29: @@
 == Buku ==
 * Türklerin ve Moğolların Eski Dini / Jean-Paul Roux, ISBN 975-8240-70-6
-* Altay Türklerinde Ölüm / Jean-Paul Roux,  ISBN 975-997-091-0
+* Altay Türklerinde Ölüm / Jean-Paul Roux, ISBN 975-997-091-0
-* Tengrianism: Religion of Türks and Mongols ''(Tengrianizm: Türklerin ve Moğolların Dini)'' / Rafael Bezertinov ([http://aton.ttu.edu/OLD_TURK_DEITIES.asp Kitaptan bölümler (İngilizce)])
+* Tengrianism: Religion of Türks and Mongols ''(Tengrianizm: Türklerin ve Moğolların Dini)'' / Rafael Bezertinov ([http://aton.ttu.edu/OLD_TURK_DEITIES.asp Kitaptan bölümler (İngilizce)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060105095326/http://aton.ttu.edu/OLD_TURK_DEITIES.asp |date=2006-01-05 }})
 * Türklerde Maddi Kültürün Oluşumu / Emel ESİN, ISBN 975-997-029-5
 * Türk Mitolojisi, Yazar:Murat Uraz, ISBN 9759792359
@@ Baris 47: / Baris 47: @@
 == Pranala luar ==
-*[http://tengry.org/ TENGRY.ORG - Tengrism in Russia]
+* [http://tengry.org/ TENGRY.ORG - Tengrism in Russia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121218213419/http://tengry.org/ |date=2012-12-18 }}
-*[http://www.Tengerism.org/ Circle of Tengerism: an organization dedicated to the preservation of Siberian and Mongolian shaman traditions]
+* [http://www.Tengerism.org/ Circle of Tengerism: an organization dedicated to the preservation of Siberian and Mongolian shaman traditions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060909204052/http://www.tengerism.org/ |date=2006-09-09 }}
-*[http://aton.ttu.edu/OLD_TURK_DEITIES.asp Excerpt from ''Tengrianizm: Religion of Turks and Mongols'', by Rafael Bezertinov]
+* [http://aton.ttu.edu/OLD_TURK_DEITIES.asp Excerpt from ''Tengrianizm: Religion of Turks and Mongols'', by Rafael Bezertinov] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060105095326/http://aton.ttu.edu/OLD_TURK_DEITIES.asp |date=2006-01-05 }}
-*[http://www.tangrim.org Temple of Tengri: online temple of modern Tengriism]
+* [http://www.tangrim.org Temple of Tengri: online temple of modern Tengriism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100403225850/http://tangrim.org/ |date=2010-04-03 }}
-*[http://www.tangrim.org/main.html?src=%2Findex2.html#1,0 Virtual Temple of Tengri]
+* [http://www.tangrim.org/main.html?src=%2Findex2.html#1,0 Virtual Temple of Tengri] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512005711/http://www.tangrim.org/main.html?src=/index2.html#1,0 |date=2012-05-12 }}
-*[http://www.face-music.ch/bi_bid/historyoftengerism.html Shamanism (Tengerism) in Mongolia]
+* [http://www.face-music.ch/bi_bid/historyoftengerism.html Shamanism (Tengerism) in Mongolia]
-*[http://members.tripod.com/Mongolian_Page/shaman.txt Julie Stewart's course in Mongolian shamanism--introduction]
+* [http://members.tripod.com/Mongolian_Page/shaman.txt Julie Stewart's course in Mongolian shamanism--introduction]
-*[http://bogjejedan.blogspot.com/2005/08/avar-tengrism-in-croatia.html Bog je Jedan blog: Avar Tengrism in Croatia]
+* [http://bogjejedan.blogspot.com/2005/08/avar-tengrism-in-croatia.html Bog je Jedan blog: Avar Tengrism in Croatia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708025547/http://bogjejedan.blogspot.com/2005/08/avar-tengrism-in-croatia.html |date=2011-07-08 }}
-*[http://www.eumed.net/entelequia/pdf/2010/e11a14.pdf "Tenri on Mars" by HB Paksoy]
+* [http://www.eumed.net/entelequia/pdf/2010/e11a14.pdf "Tenri on Mars" by HB Paksoy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614153729/http://www.eumed.net/entelequia/pdf/2010/e11a14.pdf |date=2011-06-14 }}
-*[http://library.usask.ca/theses/available/etd-01192005-154827/unrestricted/tezispdf.pdf AK JANG IN THE CONTEXT OF ALTAI RELIGIOUS TRADITION]
+* [http://library.usask.ca/theses/available/etd-01192005-154827/unrestricted/tezispdf.pdf AK JANG IN THE CONTEXT OF ALTAI RELIGIOUS TRADITION]
+[[Kategori:Agama etnik]]
-{{Link FA|tr}}
+[[Kategori:Kepercayaan]]
 [[Kategori:Mitologi Turki]]
-[[Kategori:Shamanisme Eurasia]]
+[[Kategori:Syamanisme]]
+[[Kategori:Agama di Kazakhstan]]
 [[Kategori:Agama di Mongolia]]
-[[Kategori:Kepercayaan]]
+[[Kategori:Agama di Rusia]]
+[[Kategori:Agama di Turki]]
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