Berkas:Lauren Bacall 1945 press photo.jpg

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Ringkasan

Deskripsi
English: Photo of Lauren Bacall, 1945 for Swedish press
Tanggal
Sumber eBay
Photo front
Photo back (showing Swedish press information and date)
Pembuat Tak diketahuiUnknown author
Izin
(Menggunakan kembali berkas ini)
English: This is a publicity still taken and publicly distributed to promote the subject or a work relating to the subject.
  • As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honathaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook (Focal Press, 2001, p. 211.):
    "Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."
  • Nancy Wolff, in The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook (Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.), notes:
    "There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them."
  • Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989, p. 87), writes:
    "According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
  • Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference of cinema scholars and editors[1], that:
    "[The conference] expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements... [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."
Versi lainnya
Image extraction processThis file has an extracted image: Lauren Bacall 1945 press photo (cropped).jpg.
lang=id

Lisensi

Public domain
This Swedish photograph is in the public domain in Sweden because one of the following applies:
  • The photograph does not reach the Swedish threshold of originality (common for snapshots and journalistic photos) and was created before 1 January 1974 (SFS 1960:729, § 49a).
  • The photograph was published anonymously before 1 January 1954 and the author did not reveal their identity during the following 70 years (SFS 1960:729, § 44).

For photos in the first category created before 1969, also {{PD-1996}} usually applies. For photos in the second category published before 1929, also {{PD-US-expired}} usually applies.

If the photographer died before 1954, {{PD-old-70}} should be used instead of this tag. If the author died before 1926, also {{PD-1996}} usually applies.
You must also include a United States public domain tag to indicate why this work is in the public domain in the United States. Note that a few countries have copyright terms longer than 70 years: Mexico has 100 years, Jamaica has 95 years, Colombia has 80 years, and Guatemala and Samoa have 75 years. This image may not be in the public domain in these countries, which moreover do not implement the rule of the shorter term. Honduras has a general copyright term of 75 years, but it does implement the rule of the shorter term. Copyright may extend on works created by French who died for France in World War II (more information), Russians who served in the Eastern Front of World War II (known as the Great Patriotic War in Russia) and posthumously rehabilitated victims of Soviet repressions (more information).
Karya ini adalah ranah publik di Amerika Serikat karena ini diterbitkan di Amerika Serikat antara 1929 dan 1977, termasuk, tanpa peringatan hak cipta. Untuk penjelasan lebih lanjut, lihat Hirtle chart dan juga penjelasan mendetail tentang "penerbitan" untuk kesenian publik. Harap diperhatikan bahwa bahwa itu mungkin masih memiliki hak cipta di wilayah hukum di mana aturan jangka terpendek untuk karya dari Amerika Serikat (tergantung pada tanggal kematian penulis) tidak berlaku, semisal Kanada (50 tahun sejak kematian penulis), Tiongkok Daratan (50 tahun sejak kematian penulis, tidak termasuk Hong Kong atau Makau), Jerman (70 sejak kematian penulis), Meksiko (100 tahun sejak kematian penulis), Swiss (70 tahun sejak kematian penulis), dan negara-negara lain dengan perjanjian tersendiri.

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terkini23 Desember 2018 22.59Miniatur versi sejak 23 Desember 2018 22.59776 × 1.000 (632 KB)Drown SodaHigher quality scan
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