Perang melawan kemiskinan
Perang melawan kemiskinan adalah nama tak resmi untuk legislasi ang mula-mula diperkenalkan oleh Presiden Amerika Serikat Lyndon B. Johnson dalam pidato kenegaraannya pada 8 Januari 1964. Legislasi tersebut dicetuskan oleh Johnson dalam menanggapi tingkat kemiskinan nasional yang berjumlah sekitar sembilan belas persen. Pidato tersebut membuat Kongres Amerika Serikat mengesahkan Economic Opportunity Act, yang mendirikan Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) untuk mengurusi penerapan lokal terhadap dana federal yang ditujukan untuk melawan kemiskinan. Empat puluh program dibentuk lewat UU tersebut yang secara kolektif ditujukan untuk meniadakan kemiskinan dengan menunjang kondisi hidup bagi para penduduk dengan pemasukan rendah dan membantu orang miskin mengakses kesempatan ekonomi yang lama menolak mereka.[1]
Catatan kaki
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Caves, R. W. (2004). Encyclopedia of the City. Routledge. hlm. 759. ISBN 978-0415862875.
Bacaan tambahan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Martha J. Bailey and Sheldon Danziger (eds.), Legacies of the War on Poverty. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2013. ISBN 9780871540072.
- Elizabeth Hinton. From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime: The Making of Mass Incarceration in America. Harvard University Press, 2016. ISBN 0674737237.
- Annelise Orleck and Lisa Gayle Hazirjian (eds.), The War on Poverty: A New Grassroots History, 1964–1980. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2011. ISBN 9780820339498.
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Text of President Johnson's special address to Congress in which he uses the words "war against poverty" six times
- Johnson's State of the Union Address where he declares the beginning of an "unconditional war on poverty in America"
- "The other planet" – The Economist
- NPR article about war on poverty
- Article and photo describing launch of war on poverty
- UVA Professor Kent G. Germany's article about the war on poverty Diarsipkan 2013-11-04 di Wayback Machine.
- LKLP Community Action Partnership's article about the 'war on poverty Diarsipkan 2013-12-31 di Wayback Machine.
- About a call President Johnson gave a congressman asking for helping on passing a poverty bill and more Diarsipkan 2015-05-16 di Wayback Machine.
- Notes for a 1995 movie titled America's War on Poverty
- Christian Science Monitor article
- The War on Poverty 50 Years Later: A Progress Report – Council of Economic Advisers
- Fighting poverty revisited: What did researchers know 40 years ago? What do we know today? Sheldon Danziger (2007), University of Wisconsin–Madison.
- 1964 State of the Union Address (full video and audio at www.millercenter.org)