Lihat sumber Ambulacraria

{{Autotaxobox|name=Ambulacraria|fossil_range={{fossil range|Early Cambrian|Recent}}|image=Nerr0878.jpg|image_caption=Beragam bintang laut dan landak laut diantara cangkang kerang di [[zona intertidal]] berbatu pada [[Teluk Kachemak]], Alaska selatan, Amerika Serikat.|display_parents=5|taxon=Ambulacraria|authority=Metschnikoff, 1881|subdivision_ranks=Filum|subdivision=* [[Echinodermata]]
* [[Hemichordata]]}}'''Ambulacraria''' {{IPAc-en|,|ae|m|b|j|uː|l|@|'|k|r|ɛər|i|@}}, atau '''Coelomopora''' {{IPAc-en|s|iː|l|@|'|m|Q|p|@|r|@}}, adalah sebuah filum yang mencakup [[echinodermata]] dan [[hemichordata]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Cannon|first1=Johanna Taylor|last2=Vellutini|first2=Bruno Cossermelli|last3=Smith|first3=Julian|last4=Ronquist|first4=Fredrik|last5=Jondelius|first5=Ulf|last6=Hejnol|first6=Andreas|year=2016|title=Xenacoelomorpha is the sister group to Nephrozoa|url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:nrm:diva-1844|journal=Nature|volume=530|issue=7588|pages=89–93|bibcode=2016Natur.530...89C|doi=10.1038/nature16520|pmid=26842059|s2cid=205247296}}</ref> Analisis [[filogenetika]] menyarankan bahwa echinodermata dan hemichordata berpisah pada sekitar 533 juta tahun lalu.<ref>[https://www.genomeweb.com/sequencing/sea-cucumber-genome-imparts-insight-genes-linked-organ-regeneration Sea Cucumber Genome Imparts Insight on Genes Linked to Organ Regeneration]</ref> Ambulacraria adalah bagian dari [[deuterostoma]], yaitu sebuah klad yang mencakup banyak [[Chordata]], dan beberapa spesies punah yang masuk kedalam [[Vetulicolia]].

Dua klad yang masih memiliki perwakilan hidup dari Ambulacraria adalah Echinodermata ([[bintang laut]], [[bulu babi]], [[Ophiuroidea|bintang ular]], [[teripang]], bintang bulu, [[lili laut]] dan lain sebagainya) dan Hemichordata ([[cacing biji ek]], [[Pterobranchia]], dan kemungkinan [[graptolit]]). Kedua kelompok ini terkadang disebut sebagai ''deuterosteroma bawah''.<ref name="Lacalli">{{cite web|last=Lacalli|first=Thurston Castle|title=Tutorial|url=http://scaa.usask.ca/gallery/lacalli/tutorial/tutorial_all.php|website=Marine Invertebrate larvae: A study in morphological diversity|publisher=[[University of Saskatchewan]]|access-date=2020-01-13}}<!---
NOTE: The website announces that it is under reconstruction. In the new version, seemingly, the T.C. Lacalli donation now (2020-01-13), via https://library.usask.ca/uasc/collections/manuscripts-archival.php, is found under http://sain.scaa.sk.ca/collections/tc-lacalli-fonds; but I do not understand whether this is an older or a newer url.
---></ref>

Penggolongan klad [[Xenacoelomorpha]] sebagai kelompok saudara Ambulacraria masih menjadi perdebatan hangat, dengan beberapa penulis berargumen bahwa klad tersebut harus ditempatkan pada tempat yang lebih basal pada [[metazoa]]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Edgecombe|first1=Gregory D.|last2=Giribet|first2=Gonzalo|last3=Dunn|first3=Casey W.|last4=Hejnol|first4=Andreas|last5=Kristensen|first5=Reinhardt M.|last6=Neves|first6=Ricardo C.|last7=Rouse|first7=Greg W.|last8=Worsaae|first8=Katrine|last9=Sørensen|first9=Martin V.|date=June 2011|title=Higher-level metazoan relationships: recent progress and remaining questions|url=http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:27755241|journal=Organisms, Diversity & Evolution|volume=11|issue=2|pages=151–172|doi=10.1007/s13127-011-0044-4|s2cid=32169826}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Rouse|first1=Greg W.|last2=Wilson|first2=Nerida G.|last3=Carvajal|first3=Jose I.|last4=Vriejenhoek|first4=Robert C.|date=4 February 2016|title=New deep-sea species of Xenoturbella and the position of Xenacoelomorpha|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nature16545|journal=Nature|volume=530|issue=2|pages=94–97|bibcode=2016Natur.530...94R|doi=10.1038/nature16545|pmid=26842060|s2cid=3870574}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Cannon|first1=Johanna Taylor|last2=Vellutini|first2=Bruno Cossermelli|last3=Smith III|first3=Julian|last4=Ronquist|first4=Frederik|last5=Jondelius|first5=Ulf|last6=Hejnol|first6=Andreas|date=4 February 2016|title=Xenacoelomorpha is the sister group to Nephrozoa|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nature16520|journal=Nature|volume=530|issue=2|pages=89–93|bibcode=2016Natur.530...89C|doi=10.1038/nature16520|pmid=26842059|s2cid=205247296}}</ref>, sementara menulis lainnya menekanban bahwa pilihan metode filogenetika terbaik mendukung posisi Xenacoelomorpha sebagai kelompok saudari Ambulacraria.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Herve Philippe|display-authors=etal|date=3 June 2019|title=Mitigating Anticipated Effects of Systematic Errors Supports Sister-Group Relationship between Xenacoelomorpha and Ambulacraria|journal=Current Biology|volume=29|issue=11|pages=1818–1826|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.009|pmid=31104936|doi-access=free|hdl=21.11116/0000-0004-DC4B-1|hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Paschalia Kapli|author2=Maximilian J. Telford|date=11 December 2020|title=Topology-dependent asymmetry in systematic errors affects phylogenetic placement of Ctenophora and Xenacoelomorpha|journal=Science Advances|volume=6|pages=eabc5162|bibcode=2020SciA....6.5162K|doi=10.1126/sciadv.abc5162|pmc=7732190|pmid=33310849|number=50|doi-access=free}}</ref>

Berikut dibawah adalah beberapa klad yang munngkin tergolong ke Ambulacraria batang:

* Superfilum Ambulacraria
** † "[[Cambroernid]]" (klad informal)<ref name="Caron 2010">{{Cite journal|last1=Caron|first1=J.|last2=Conway Morris|first2=S.|last3=Shu|first3=D.|year=2010|title=Tentaculate fossils from the Cambrian of Canada (British Columbia) and China (Yunnan) interpreted as primitive deuterostomes|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=5|issue=3|pages=e9586|bibcode=2010PLoSO...5.9586C|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0009586|pmc=2833208|pmid=20221405|doi-access=free}}</ref>
*** ''[[Herpetogaster]]''
*** ''[[Phlogites]]''
*** "[[Eldoniidae|Eldoniids]]" / "Eldonioids"
**** ''[[Eldonia]]''

== Referensi ==
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[[Kategori:Deuterostomia]]