Lihat sumber Spiritualitas Katolik

'''Spiritualitas Katolik''' berarti bahwa, sesaat setelah seseorang menerima iman (fides quae creditur) dangan cara melakukan sebuah tindakan imani (fides qua creditur), maka seseorang menjalankan imannya tersebut melalui praktek-praktek spiritual. Walau semua umat Katolik diharapkan untuk berdoa bersama di perayaan misa, terdapat banyak bentuk yang berbeda dalam hal spiritualias dan doa pribadi yang telah berkembang selama berabad-abad. Tiap-tiap ordo besar dari [[Gereja Katolik Roma]] dan kelompok-kelompok umat awam besar lainnya memiliki praktek spiritualitas mereka sendiri yang unik - jalan mereka sendiri untuk mendekatkan diri pada Tuhan dalam doa dan dalam hidup berdasarkan Injil.

==Ketakwaan devosi Katolik==
Ketakwaan Katolik didasarkan pada kehidupan dan ajaran [[Yesus Kristus]], yang dianggap sebagai pendiri Gereja Katolik.

Dasar hubungan Yesus Kristus, Putra Allah, adalah dengan Bapa-Nya. Sebagai Sang Putra, Yesus selalu berkomunikasi dengan Allah Bapa. Sepanjang hidup-Nya, Yesus memulai doa-Nya dengan kata "Bapa", dan doa yang Ia ajarkan kepada murid-murid-Nya mulai dengan kata "Bapa Kami". Dari hal ini Gereja Katolik telah memngembangkan sebuah ketakwaan yang meniru sikap Yesus. Perayaan Misa, pusat doa Gereja, juga merujuk pada Allah Bapa. 

==Spiritualitas Gurun==
'''Spiritualitas Gurun''' adalah sebuah jalan pencarian Tuhan yang dipengaruhi oleh "teologi gurun" di kitab [[Perjanjian Lama]] yang merupakan inti dari tradisi Judeo-Kristiani, yaitu Tuhan menjaga umat-Nya berkelana selama 40 tahun di gurun <ref>(Kitab Bilangan 13:3, 26)</ref> dan juga di sepanjang abad-abad selanjutnya dimana Tuhan berulang kali memanggil umat-Nya ke gurun sebagai tempat percobaan dimana mereka mungkin akan mengalami perubahan hati dan, dengan membuktikan pada diri mereka sendiri taat akan perintah Allah bagi umat manusia, menerima pencipta mereka sebagai Tuhan.

Dalam jaman [[Perjanjian Baru]], sebagai jalan untuk membuktikan ketaatan-Nya, Yesus pergi ke gurun untuk mengalami percobaan-percobaan (Injil Matius 4:1-11; Injil Markus 1:12-13; Injil Lukas 4:1-13).

Jalan pertapaan Kristiani memiliki tujuan yang sama sebagaimana kata 'pertapa' yang diberikan kepada mereka yang melakukannya merujuk.

Diantara mereka yang terkenal luas menjalankan kehidupan spiritualitas gurun selama abad-abad awal Kekristenan adalah Santo Antonius dari Mesir (251-356). Ia hidup sebagai seorang pertapa selama sepuluh tahun, menjalankan gaya hidup pertapa sepanjang hidupnya, dan menanam sendiri sumber makanannya.

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From the life of someone alone being dedicated to seeking God in the desert, which is the earliest form of Christian [[Monk|monasticism]], the monastic life in [[Cenobium|community]] has emerged, although the [[Consecrated life#Other Forms of Consecrated Life|eremitic vocation]] continues as a distinct way of seeking God even today.

In practical terms this spiritual quest is pursued through prayer in solitude and asceticism.

Some adherents of desert spirituality – whether as [[Hermit|eremitic]] or [[Cenobium|cenobitic]] [[Monk|monastics]], or as Christian faithful outside the [[Consecrated life|religious life]] – practise [[centering prayer]](seriously disputed as anachronistic and of modern, Eastern origin). This is meditation on a single, sacred word that is meant to draw the believer closer to God.

== Benedictine spirituality ==

Benedictine spirituality is characterized by life in community, order, and obedience to superiors. [[St. Benedict]] (480-550) is considered to be the Father of Western Monasticism. He wrote The Rule and established his first monastery at Monte Cassino, Italy. [[Lectio divina|Lectio Divina]] is a Benedictine prayer form based on praying with the Word of God. Lectio Divina has four "moments": Lectio (Reading Scripture), Meditatio (Reflection on the Word), Oratio (Praying), and Contemplatio (Silently listening to God).

== Franciscan spirituality ==

Franciscan spirituality is characterized by a life of poverty, love of nature, and giving charity to those in need. [[St. Francis of Assisi]] (1182-1226) was the son of a wealthy merchant. He rejected all of his possessions and founded a community of brothers (friars) who lived in poverty and helped the poor. Franciscan prayer recognizes God's presence in the wonder of creation. This is seen clearly in St. Francis' [[Canticle of the Sun]]. Franciscan spirituality is focused on walking in Christ's footsteps, understanding God by doing what Christ asked, experiencing and sharing God rather than discussing God.

== Dominican spirituality ==

Dominican spirituality is characterized by poverty, love of preaching and devotion to truth. [[Saint Dominic|St. Dominic]] (1170-1221) encountered heretics on a journey in France. His opinion was that the people were not to blame - the preachers were. If there are good, orthodox preachers, then the people will be good and orthodox also. So, he founded the ''Order of Preachers'', known as Dominicans who are drawn to contemplation of the Sacred Humanity of Jesus Christ. Throughout history, the Dominicans have helped to develop ways of praying which have aided people in deepening their relationship with God. The [[Rosary]] is an example of a prayer developed by the Dominicans. Some traditional legends say that the Rosary was given in its current form to St. Dominic by Mary.
The Rosary is characteristic of Dominican spirituality because it focuses attention on the principal mysteries of the life of Jesus Christ, can lead to contemplation and is a way of proclaiming the truths of faith.
Some members of the Dominican Order have made significant contributions to Catholic thought. The theological insight provided by St. Thomas Aquinas continues to be a major reference point for the Church today.

== Ignatian spirituality ==

Ignatian spirituality is characterized by examination of one's life, discerning the will of God, and living the Resurrection. [[St. Ignatius of Loyola]] (1491-1556) was a wounded soldier when he first began to read about Christ and the saints. He had a conversion experience while healing and decided to found the Society of Jesus, known as the Jesuits. His classic, the [[Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola|Spiritual Exercises]] is a guide for making a retreat.

== Carmelite spirituality ==

Carmelite spirituality is characterised by interior detachment, silence, solitude, the desire for spiritual progress and insight into mystical experiences. The roots of the Carmelite Order go back to a group of hermits living on Mt. Carmel in Israel during the 12th Century. Ss. [[John of the Cross]] (1542-1591) and [[Teresa of Ávila]] (1515-1582) were both Carmelite mystics whose writings are considered to be spiritual classics. In his work The [[Ascent of Mount Carmel]], St. John of the Cross teaches that purgation of the soul through mortification and suppression of desires is necessary for the soul while it journeys through darkness before entering into divine union with God. Teresa of Avila emphasized the importance of [[mental prayer]] which she defined as "spending time with a friend whom we know loves us."

== Redemptorist spirituality ==
The Redemptorist spirituality consists of: (1) the Crib, (2) the 
Cross and (3) the Sacrament.  In other words, the Redemptorists follow Christ in his incarnation, death and resurrection and believe that he is always with them.  They hold the belief that there is always a great encounter with Christ in the Blessed Sacrament, hence St. Alphonsus wrote the Visit to the Blessed Sacrament and the Blessed Virgin Mary.  He also wrote the popular Way of the Cross, and composed Christmas Hymns.  The Redemptorist spirituality is a practical one, render help to the abandoned both spiritual and material.
The heart of Redemptorist spirituality is the Gospel Invitation "to follow Jesus Christ." One of the most tangible ways they do this is to proclaim the gospel in simple ways to ordinary people, and to radiate the motto of Christ who read from the scroll of the prophet Isaiah, “The Spirit of the Lord is upon me…. to preach Good News to the Poor…. liberty to captives…. sight to the blind…. to proclaim the year of the Lord’s Favour.  (Luke 4:18-19)

== French school of spirituality ==

{{main|French school of spirituality}}

== Post-Vatican II lay movements in Catholic spirituality ==

The [[Second Vatican Council]] accelerated the diversification of spiritual movements among Catholics, and some lay Catholics now engage in regular contemplative practices such as [[Centering prayer]], although this is still controversial . Many contemporary spiritual movements emphasize the necessity both of an interior relationship with God (private prayer) and works of justice and mercy. Major 20th century writers who sought to draw together the active and contemplative poles of Christian spirituality have been [[Dorothy Day]], [[Thomas Merton]] and [[Richard Rohr]].

The purpose of all [[laity|lay]] movements in the Catholic Church is to spread in society a deep awareness that every single person is called to live a holy life and each in his own way to become an [[wikt:apostle|apostle]] of [[Jesus Christ]]. For the majority of Christians, God calls them to sanctify themselves through their ordinary lives by works of charity and devotion cultivated in the family, the domestic church, in the neighborhood and parish life as well as the workplace all of which are paths to holiness.

See section on the [[Roman_Catholic_Church#Laity|Laity in the Catholic Church]].

=== Charismatic spirituality ===

{{main|Catholic Charismatic Renewal}}

Not far from the Ignatian spirituality in regard to its understanding of faith, Charismatic spirituality is in fact the re-exploration of different Catholic spiritual currents with an emphasis on personal experience generally shared in groups.

=== Opus Dei spirituality ===

[[Opus Dei]] while predating the Council in its foundation anticipated its emphasis on the laity. Founded by St. [[Josemaría Escrivá]], Opus Dei's spirituality is based on life lived in the secular world. The "sanctification of work" consists in offering all work, however ordinary, to God. This implies that one always does one's best. To be a contemplative is to integrate one's life ("unity of life") in faithfulness to the Catholic church and in solidarity with all those with whom one comes into contact, living a life of faith in all circumstances of each day. As John Allen says: people who follow this spirituality enter a church and leave it for the same reason--to get closer to God. The members of Opus Dei and its cooperators have committed to convert their daily work into prayer with the spiritual assistance of the prelature.

[[Pope John Paul I]], a few years before his election, wrote that Escrivá was more radical than other saints who taught about the [[universal call to holiness]]. While others emphasized monastic spirituality applied to lay people, for Escrivá "it is the material work itself which must be turned into prayer and sanctity", thus providing a lay spirituality.<ref name=Luciani>{{cite web | url=http://gabriel.mps.ohio-state.edu/od/opus.see |author=Cardinal Albino Luciani (John Paul I)| work=Opus Dei Files| title=Seeking God Through Everyday Work: A profile of the Founder of Opus Dei, Josemaria Escriva| accessdate=2007-04-03}}</ref>

=== Focolare Movement ===

:''Main article at - [[Focolare Movement]]''

In 1943 in Northern Italy during World War II, [[Chiara Lubich]], together with a small group of friends, concluded that God is the only ideal worth living for. The Focolare movement was founded as a result. The goal was to strive towards the fulfillment of Jesus’ prayer to the Father: “That they all may be one.” (John 17:21).  A spirituality of unity resulted and gave rise to a movement of spiritual and social renewal. Now embracing over 5 million members in 182 countries, Focolare (which means hearth) draws together groups of families, neighbors and friends to share build community and extend the works of the Gospel.

=== Sant'Egidio movement ===

The [[Community of Sant'Egidio|Sant'Egidio community]] began with a group of high school students in the 1960's who were convinced by a local priest in Rome to try an experiment--to try and live for a time as the early catholic disciples did, gathering for prayer and shared meals daily in their neighborhood as well as joining together in the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The community thrived and has now become a global movement of communities working for peace and justice in a spirit of daily common life and prayer.

=== Communion and Liberation Movement ===
{{main|Communion and Liberation}}

=== Taize movement ===

{{main|Taizé Community}}
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==Referensi==
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[[Kategori:Spiritualitas Katolik]]

[[en:Catholic spirituality]]