Lihat sumber Steinway & Sons

{{Redirect|Steinway}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Steinway & Sons
| logo = Steinway and Sons logo.svg
| logo_size = 300px
| logo_alt = Logo Steinway & Sons
| type = [[Perusahaan swasta|Swasta]]
| industry = [[Alat musik]]
| founded = {{Start date and age|1853|03|05|p=y}}<ref>{{cite book |first=Donald W. |last=Fostle |title=The Steinway Saga: An American Dynasty |location=New York |publisher=Scribner |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-684-19318-2 |page=25}}</ref><br />di [[Manhattan]], New York City<ref name="German New York City">{{cite book |first=Richard |last=Panchyk |title=German New York City |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-7385-5680-2 |page=50}}</ref>
| founder = [[Henry E. Steinway|Heinrich Engelhard Steinweg]]<br />(kemudian dikenal sebagai Henry E. Steinway)<ref>{{cite book |first=Mark A. |last=Stevens |title=Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Encyclopedia |url=https://archive.org/details/merriamwebstersc0000unse_z9g2 |publisher=Merriam-Webster |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-87779-017-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/merriamwebstersc0000unse_z9g2/page/1540 1540]}}</ref>
| hq_location = {{*}} Eropa dan internasional:<br />[[Hamburg]], Jerman<ref name="Piano Buying Guide, Fall 2014, p. 194">{{cite book |first=Larry |last=Fine |authorlink=Larry Fine (pianos) |title=Acoustic & Digital Piano Buyer – Fall 2014 |url=https://archive.org/details/acousticdigitalp0000unse_h8f5 |publisher=Brookside Press LLC |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-929145-39-3 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/acousticdigitalp0000unse_h8f5/page/194 194]–195}}</ref><br />{{Coord|53.5743|9.9241|type:landmark_region:DE|format=dms|display=inline,title|name=Steinway & Sons - European and international headquarters - Hamburg, Germany}}<br />{{*}} Amerika:<br />One Steinway Place, [[Queens]], New York City, New York, Amerika Serikat<ref name="Piano Buying Guide, Fall 2014, p. 194" /><br />{{Coord|40.7793|-73.8998|type:landmark_region:US-NY|format=dms|display=inline|name=Steinway & Sons - American headquarters - Queens, New York City}}
| num_locations = 200 agen resmi mengoperasikan 300 gerai di seluruh dunia<ref name="Dealers">{{cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/911583/000104746913002752/a2213507z10-k.htm |title=Steinway Musical Instruments 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K |date=March 14, 2013 |publisher=U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission |page=5 |accessdate=February 18, 2015}}</ref>
| area_served = Seluruh dunia<ref name="Dealers" />
| products = {{*}} [[Piano#Grand|Piano grand]]<ref>{{cite book |first=Larry |last=Fine |authorlink=Larry Fine (pianos) |title=Acoustic & Digital Piano Buyer – Spring 2015 |url=https://archive.org/details/acousticdigitalp0000unse_d2p0 |publisher=Brookside Press LLC |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-929145-40-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/acousticdigitalp0000unse_d2p0/page/193 193]}}</ref><br />{{*}}Piano upright<ref name="Larry Fine, Spring 2015, p. 192">{{cite book |first=Larry |last=Fine |authorlink=Larry Fine (pianos) |title=Acoustic & Digital Piano Buyer – Spring 2015 |url=https://archive.org/details/acousticdigitalp0000unse_d2p0 |publisher=Brookside Press LLC |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-929145-40-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/acousticdigitalp0000unse_d2p0/page/192 192]}}</ref>
| production = 2.600 [[piano]] per tahun<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thebrander.com/en/lifestyle/steinway-sons-pianos |title=Steinway & Sons – Grand Success |first1=Wilma |last1=Fasola |first2=Henning |last2=Bock |first3=Tessa |last3=Pfenninger |publisher=The Brander |date=February 17, 2016 |accessdate=September 14, 2017}}</ref>
| services = Restorasi piano Steinway<ref>{{cite book|first=James |last=Barron |authorlink=James Barron (journalist) |title=Piano: The Making of a Steinway Concert Grand |location=New York |publisher=Holt |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-8050-7878-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/pianomakingofste00barr/page/235 235] |url=https://archive.org/details/pianomakingofste00barr/page/235 }}</ref>
| parent = [[Paulson & Co.|Paulson & Co. Inc.]]<ref>{{cite book|first=Edwin M. |last=Good |title=Giraffes, black dragons, and other pianos: a technological history from Cristofori to the modern concert grand |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-8047-4549-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/giraffesblackdra00good/page/303 303] |url=https://archive.org/details/giraffesblackdra00good/page/303 }}</ref>
| website = {{URL|www.steinway.com}}
}}

'''Steinway & Sons''', juga dikenal sebagai '''Steinway''', ({{IPAc-en|audio=Steinway - pronounce.ogg|ˈ|s|t|aɪ|n|w|eɪ}}) adalah sebuah produsen [[piano]] asal Amerika Serikat yang didirikan pada tahun 1853 di [[Manhattan]] oleh seorang pembuat piano asal Jerman, [[Henry E. Steinway|Heinrich Engelhard Steinweg]] (kemudian dikenal sebagai Henry E. Steinway).<ref name="German New York City" /><ref>{{cite book |first=Nicholas J. |last=Giordano, Sr. |title=Physics of the Piano |location=Oxford, United Kingdom |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-19-954602-2 |page=139}}</ref> Setelah bisnisnya makin berkembang, perusahaan ini membuka pabrik di New York City, Amerika Serikat dan kemudian di [[Hamburg]], [[Jerman]].<ref name="The Atlantic">{{cite web |url=http://www.sherwinbeach.com/lenehan/K2571.htm |title=The Quality of the Instrument (K 2571 – The Making of a Steinway Grand) |first=Michael |last=Lenehan |year=2003 |orig-year=1982 |work=The Atlantic Monthly |accessdate=February 9, 2015}}</ref> Pabrik yang terletak di New York City memproduksi piano untuk dijual di [[Amerika]], sementara pabrik yang berada di Hamburg memproduksi piano untuk dijual di luar Amerika.<ref name="Larry Fine, Spring 2015, p. 192" /><ref name="Steinway & Sons Documentary time616">{{cite AV media |date=July 3, 2013 |title=Steinway & Sons Documentary – A World of Excellence |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dMT4rfjeJko |access-date=March 14, 2015 |time=6:16 |publisher=Shanghai Hantang Culture Development Co., Ltd. |via=official YouTube channel of Steinway & Sons}}</ref>

Steinway merupakan salah satu produsen piano terkemuka,<ref name="The Keys To Success">{{cite journal |first=David |last=Liebeskind |title=The Keys To Success |journal=Stern Business |volume=Fall/Winter 2003 – "The Producers" |location=New York |publisher=Stern School of Business, New York University |year=2003 |pages=10–15 |url=http://w4.stern.nyu.edu/sternbusiness/fall_winter_2003/keystosuccess.html |accessdate=February 9, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Nicholas J. |last=Giordano, Sr. |title=Physics of the Piano |location=Oxford, United Kingdom |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-19-954602-2 |page=137}}</ref> dan terkenal berkat pianonya yang berkualitas tinggi<ref name="The Piano An Encyclopedia, p. 366">{{cite book |editor-first=Robert |editor-last=Palmieri |title=The Piano: An Encyclopedia |url=https://archive.org/details/pianoencyclopedi00palm |edition=2nd |publisher=Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group |year=2003 |isbn=0-415-93796-5 |page=[https://archive.org/details/pianoencyclopedi00palm/page/366 366]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Alan C. |last=Elliott |title=A daily dose of the American dream: Stories of success, triumph and inspiration |location=United States |publisher=Rutledge Hill Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-1-55853-592-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/dailydoseofameri00alan }}</ref> serta sejumlah penemuannya pada bidang piano.<ref>{{cite book |first=Cyril |last=Ehrlich |title=The Piano: A History |url=https://archive.org/details/pianohistory0000ehrl |location=Oxford, United Kingdom |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-19-816171-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/pianohistory0000ehrl/page/47 47]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first1=Thomas |last1=Derdak |first2=Tina |last2=Grant |title=International Directory of Company Histories |volume=19 |publisher=St. James Press |year=1997 |isbn=978-1-55862-353-8 |page=426}}</ref> Steinway telah memegang 139 [[paten]] yang berkaitan dengan piano, dengan paten pertama diperoleh pada tahun 1857.<ref name="Steinway patents">{{cite book |first1=Roy F. |last1=Kehl |first2=David R. |last2=Kirkland |title=The Official Guide to Steinway Pianos |location=United States |publisher=Amadeus Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-57467-198-8 |pages=133–138}}</ref> Steinway pun secara konsisten menguasai 80&nbsp;persen pangsa pasar piano mewah.<ref name="Organization Development and Change">{{cite book |last1=Cummings |first1=Thomas |last2=Worley |first2=Christopher |title=Organization Development and Change |year=2014 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-1-305-14303-6 |page=102}}</ref> Posisi dominan Steinway pun selalu menuai kritik, terutama dari musisi dan pencipta lagu yang berpendapat bahwa hal ini menghambat inovasi dan mengurangi variasi musik dari pianis.<ref>{{cite news |last=Midgette |first=Anne |title=Pianos: Beyond the Steinway monoculture |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/music/the-piano-keys-of-the-future/2015/09/03/9bbbbfee-354c-11e5-94ce-834ad8f5c50e_story.html |work=The Washington Post |date=September 5, 2015 |accessdate=October 26, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Hough |first=Stephen |title=A tone too subtle for modern ears: Stephen Hough mourns the fall of Bechstein, piano-makers to emperors of a bygone era |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/a-tone-too-subtle-for-modern-ears-stephen-hough-mourns-the-fall-of-bechstein-piano-makers-to-1459102.html |work=The Independent |date=October 23, 2011 |accessdate=October 26, 2015}}</ref>

Piano buatan Steinway pun telah menerima sejumlah penghargaan.<ref name="Labor management relations">{{cite book |first=Aaron |last=Singer |title=Labor management relations at Steinway & Sons, 1853–1896 |publisher=Garland |year=1986 |isbn=978-0-8240-8371-7 |page=14}}</ref> Salah satunya adalah medali emas pada ajang [[American Institute Fair]] tahun 1855 di [[New York Crystal Palace]].<ref name="The Popular Science Monthly">{{cite journal |first=Daniel |last=Spillane |title=Musical Instruments – The Piano-Forte |journal=The Popular Science Monthly |volume=40 |issue=31 |publisher=Bonnier Corporation |year=1892 |issn=0161-7370 |page=488}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first1=Roy F. |last1=Kehl |first2=David R. |last2=Kirkland |title=The Official Guide to Steinway Pianos |location=United States |publisher=Amadeus Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-57467-198-8 |page=105}}</ref> Mulai tahun 1855 hingga 1862, piano buatan Steinway menerima 35 medali emas.<ref name="Labor management relations" /><ref name="Ratcliffe45">{{cite book |first=Ronald V. |last=Ratcliffe |title=Steinway |location=San Francisco |publisher=Chronicle Books |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-8118-3389-9 |page=45}}</ref> Sejumlah penghargaan dan pengakuan kemudian menyusul,<ref name="Musical instruments at the World's Columbian Exposition">{{cite book |first=Charles A. |last=Daniell |title=Musical instruments at the World's Columbian Exposition |location=Chicago |publisher=Presto Co. |year=1895 |page=293}}</ref> termasuk tiga medali di [[International Exposition (1867)|International Exposition tahun 1867]] di Paris.<ref name="Steinway lithograph">{{cite web |url=http://www.harpweek.com/09Cartoon/BrowseByDateCartoon.asp?Month=August&Date=10 |title=Cartoon of the Day – Sudden Mania to Become Pianists&nbsp;... |first=Robert C. |last=Kennedy |date=August 10, 1867 |publisher=Harper's Weekly |accessdate=February 9, 2015}}</ref> Divisi [[Eropa]] dari Steinway pun menerima gelar [[Kontraktor Pilihan Kerajaan Britania Raya]] dari [[Elizabeth II|Ratu Elizabeth II]].<ref>{{cite episode |title=Steinway |series=Handmade: By Royal Appointment |credits=Milner, Glen (producer and director); Bright, Richard (executive producer); Wanamaker, Zoe (narrator) |network=BBC |station=BBC Four |airdate=June 27, 2016 |number=4}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.royalwarrant.org/company/steinway-sons |title=Steinway & Sons |publisher=The Royal Warrant Holders Association |accessdate=February 18, 2015}}</ref>  Steinway & Sons juga disebut sebagai ''Company of the Year'' pada tahun 1996 oleh majalah ''[[The Music Trades (majalah)|The Music Trades]]''.  Penghargaan ini diberikan sebagai pengakuan terhadap performa, kualitas, nilai tambah, program promosi, dan distribusi yang sangat baik dari Steinway.<ref>{{cite book |first=Ronald V. |last=Ratcliffe |title=Steinway |location=San Francisco |publisher=Chronicle Books |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-8118-3389-9 |pages=188–189}}</ref>

Selain membuat jajaran produk piano unggulan, Steinway juga memasarkan dua merek piano murah, yakni ''Boston'' dan ''Essex''. Merek Boston ditujukan untuk segmen pasar menengah, sementara merek Essex ditujukan untuk segmen pasar bawah. Piano Boston dan Essex dirancang oleh insinyur Steinway dan diproduksi di [[Asia]] oleh produsen piano lain, di bawah pengawasan pegawai Steinway.<ref name="Boston">{{cite book |first=Larry |last=Fine |authorlink=Larry Fine (pianos) |title=Acoustic & Digital Piano Buyer – Fall 2014 |url=https://archive.org/details/acousticdigitalp0000unse_h8f5 |publisher=Brookside Press LLC |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-929145-39-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/acousticdigitalp0000unse_h8f5/page/162 162]}}</ref><ref name="Essex">{{cite book |first=Larry |last=Fine |authorlink=Larry Fine (pianos) |title=Acoustic & Digital Piano Buyer – Fall 2014 |url=https://archive.org/details/acousticdigitalp0000unse_h8f5 |publisher=Brookside Press LLC |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-929145-39-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/acousticdigitalp0000unse_h8f5/page/166 166]}}</ref>
{{TOC limit}}

==Sejarah==

===Pendirian dan pertumbuhan===
[[File:Henry E. Steinway - photographer Mathew Brady.jpg|thumb|left|[[Henry E. Steinway|Heinrich Engelhard Steinweg]] difoto oleh [[Mathew Brady]]]]

[[Henry E. Steinway|Heinrich Engelhard Steinweg]] pertama kali membuat piano pada dekade 1820-an di rumahnya di [[Seesen]], Jerman.<ref>{{cite book |first=Ronald V. |last=Ratcliffe |title=Steinway |location=San Francisco |publisher=Chronicle Books |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-8118-3389-9 |page=17}}</ref> Ia membuat piano dengan merek ''Steinweg'' hingga ia beremigrasi ke Amerika Serikat pada tahun 1850 bersama istri dan tujuh dari sembilan anaknya.<ref>{{cite book|first=Richard K. |last=Lieberman |title=Steinway & Sons |location=New Haven, Connecticut |publisher=Yale University Press |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-300-06364-6 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/steinwaysons00lieb/page/14 14–15] |url=https://archive.org/details/steinwaysons00lieb/page/14 }}</ref> Anak tertuanya, [[C.F. Theodore Steinway|C. F. Theodor Steinweg]] tetap tinggal di Jerman, dan melanjutkan produksi piano bermerek Steinweg, serta menjalin kemitraan dengan seorang penjual piano, Friedrich Grotrian, mulai tahun 1856 hingga 1865.<ref name="Ratcliffe26">{{cite book |first=Ronald V. |last=Ratcliffe |title=Steinway |location=San Francisco |publisher=Chronicle Books |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-8118-3389-9 |pages=23 and 26–27}}</ref>

==Catatan==
{{Notelist}}

==Referensi==
{{Reflist|25em}}

==Bacaan lebih lanjut==
{{refbegin|25em}}
* {{cite book|first=James |last=Barron |authorlink=James Barron |title=Piano: The Making of a Steinway Concert Grand |location=New York |publisher=Holt |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-8050-7878-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/pianomakingofste00barr }}
* {{cite book|first=Miles |last=Chapin |title=88 keys: The making of a Steinway piano |location=New York |publisher=Potter |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-517-70356-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/88keysmakingofst00chap }}
* {{cite book |first=Donald W. |last=Fostle |title=The Steinway Saga: An American Dynasty |url=https://archive.org/details/steinwaysagaamer0000fost |location=New York |publisher=Scribner |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-684-19318-2}}
* {{cite book |first=Susan |last=Goldenberg |title=Steinway: From glory to controversy; the family, the business, the piano |url=https://archive.org/details/steinwayfromglor0000gold |location=Oakville, Ontario |publisher=Mosaic Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-88962-607-2}}
* {{cite journal |first=Cynthia Adams |last=Hoover |title=The Steinways and Their Pianos in the Nineteenth Century |journal=Journal of the American Musical Instrument Society |volume=7 |location=Shreveport, Louisiana |publisher=American Musical Instrument Society |year=1981 |issn=0362-3300 |pages=47–89}}
* {{cite book |first1=Roy F. |last1=Kehl |first2=David R. |last2=Kirkland |title=The Official Guide to Steinway Pianos |location=Montclair, New Jersey |publisher=Amadeus Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-57467-198-8}}
* {{cite book|first=Richard K. |last=Lieberman |title=Steinway & Sons |location=New Haven, Connecticut |publisher=Yale University Press |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-300-06364-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/steinwaysons00lieb }}
* {{cite book |first=Max |last=Matthias |title=Steinway Service Manual: Guide to the care and maintenance of a Steinway |edition=3rd |location=Bergkirchen, Germany |publisher=PPV-Medien/Bochinsky |year=2006 |isbn=978-3-923639-15-1}}
* {{cite book |first=Ronald V. |last=Ratcliffe |title=Steinway |location=San Francisco |publisher=Chronicle Books |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-8118-3389-9}}
* {{cite book|first=Theodore E. |last=Steinway |authorlink=Theodore E. Steinway |title=People and Pianos: A Pictorial History of Steinway & Sons |edition=3rd |location=Pompton Plains, New Jersey |publisher=Amadeus Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-57467-112-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/peoplepianospict00stei }}
{{refend}}

==Pranala luar==
{{Sister project links |wikt=Steinway |commons=Category:Steinway & Sons |b=no |n=no |q=no |s=Special:Search/Steinway |v=no |voy=no |species=no |d=Q156391}}
'''Situs web'''
* [https://www.steinway.com Steinway & Sons]
* [https://www.essexpianos.com  Boston | Essex]
* [https://louisrenner.com Louis Renner GmbH]
* [http://www.kluge-klaviaturen.de Kluge Klaviaturen GmbH]
* {{Facebook|TheOSKellyCo|O.S. Kelly Co.}}

'''Artikel'''
* [https://www.thebrander.com/en/lifestyle/steinway-sons-pianos Article about Steinway & Sons] in ''The Brander''
* [https://www.nytimes.com/ref/nyregion/PIANO_INDEX.html Series of nine articles following the production of a Steinway grand piano] in ''[[The New York Times]]''

'''Arsip dan museum daring'''
* {{PM20|FID=co/043602|TEXT=Documents and clippings about|NAME=}}
* [http://www.laguardiawagnerarchive.lagcc.cuny.edu/COLLECTIONS.aspx?ViwType=1&ColID=4 Steinway & Sons Collection] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622182617/http://www.laguardiawagnerarchive.lagcc.cuny.edu/COLLECTIONS.aspx?ViwType=1&ColID=4 |date=2020-06-22 }} in the [[La Guardia and Wagner Archives]]
* [https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/503267 Steinway grand piano from 1868] in the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]
* [http://americanhistory.si.edu/steinwaydiary William Steinway's diary, family tree of the Steinway family, photos, and more] in the [[National Museum of American History]] of the [[Smithsonian Institution]]
*[https://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p16028coll4/id/9473 Steinway & Sons collection, 1853-1997] from the Watson Library Special Collections, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

{{Steinway & Sons}}
{{Kontraktor Kerajaan Britania Raya}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Steinway and Sons}}
[[Kategori:Perusahaan Amerika Serikat]]