Lihat sumber Al-Shabaab

{{Infobox war faction|name=al-Shabaab|native_name=الشباب|native_name_lang=ar|war={{Plainlist|
* [[Perang Melawan Teror]]
* [[Perang di Somalia (2006–2009)]]
* Perang di Somalia (2009–sekarang)
* Pemberontakan Al-Qaeda di [[Yaman]]
* [[Perang Saudara Yaman (2015–sekarang)]]
* Pemberontakan jihadis di [[Mozambik]]
}}|image= [[Berkas:Islamic State flag.svg|275px|]]<br />[[Ar-Rayah dan Al-Liwa|Ar-Rayah]] versi al-Shabaab dan [[Negara Islam Irak dan Syam|ISIS]]|caption=|active=2006–sekarang|ideology=[[Jihadisme salafi]]<br />[[Wahhabisme]]<br />[[Islamisme]]<br />[[Anti-Zionisme]]<ref name=AS>{{cite web |title=Al-Shaabab Response to US. Recognition of Jerusalem as Capital of the Israel |url=https://vatescorp.com/index.php/blog/item/28-al-shabaab-initial-response-to-u-s-president-trump-s-announcement-recognising-the-jerusalem-as-the-capital-of-israel |website=vatescorp.com |access-date=2019-07-17 |archive-date=2022-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330034413/https://vatescorp.com/index.php/blog/item/28-al-shabaab-initial-response-to-u-s-president-trump-s-announcement-recognising-the-jerusalem-as-the-capital-of-israel |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />[[Antisemitisme]]<ref name=AS />|clans=|leaders={{Plainlist|
* Ahmad Umar (2014–sekarang)<ref name="Segnnl">{{cite news|title=Somalia Extremist Group Names New Leader |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2014/09/06/world/africa/ap-af-somalia-us-attack.html |accessdate=23 July 2015|agency=Associated Press|date=6 September 2014 |work=The New York Times}}</ref>
* Moktar Ali Zubeyr alias Ahmed Godane (2007–14)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-09-02/somali-governor-says-al-shabaab-leader-targeted-in-u-s-raid.html|title=U.S. Targets Al-Shabaab Leader in Somalia in Air Attack|author=Mohamed Sheikh Nor|publisher=Bloomberg.com|date=September 2, 2014}}</ref>
}}
|headquarters= {{Plainlist|
* [[Kismayo]] (2008–12)
* [[Barawe]]<ref>{{cite web|date=June 20, 2013|website=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-22988404|title=Somalia's al-Shabab militants in 'deadly feud'|access-date=October 29, 2013}}</ref> (2012–14)
* [[Jilib]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Ross|first=Andrew|website=Anadolu Agency|access-date=September 12, 2022|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/kenyan-troops-seize-al-shabaab-base-in-somalia/455875|title=Kenyan troops seize al-Shabaab base in Somalia|date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> (2014–sekarang)}}
|area       = [[Somalia]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Mozambik]] dan [[Yaman]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yementimes.com/en/1557/report/612/Conflicting-reports-on-Al-Shabab-fighters-entering-Yemen.htm |title=Conflicting reports on Al-Shabab fighters entering Yemen |publisher=yementimes.com |author=Muaad Al-Maqtari |date=March 22, 2012 |accessdate=July 20, 2014 |archive-date=2018-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224221634/http://www.yementimes.com/en/1557/report/612/Conflicting-reports-on-Al-Shabab-fighters-entering-Yemen.htm%20 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
|strength = 4000–6000 (perkiraan 2014)<ref name="Jgagvfts">{{cite news|title=Jihadist groups across globe vying for terror spotlight|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/07/10/world-worst-jihadist-groups-across-globe-vie-for-terror-spotlight/|accessdate=7 January 2015|agency=Fox News|date=10 July 2014}}</ref><br/>7000–9000 (perkiraan 2017)<ref>{{cite web |title=Who are Somalia's al-Shabab? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-15336689 |website=BBC |date=22 December 2017}}</ref>
|partof   = {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg|center|250px}} [[Al-Qaeda]]|next=|allies=* {{Flagdeco|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} [[Boko Haram]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Busari |first1=Stephanie |title=Boko Haram training in Somalia: Security chief |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/02/25/africa/boko-haram-al-shabaab-somalia/index.html |website=CNN}}</ref>
* {{flagicon image|ShababFlag.svg}} Kelompok Al-Qaeda di Semenanjung Arab
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Mujahidin|Mujahidin Internasional]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Allied Democratic Forces.svg}} [[Pasukan Demokratik Sekutu]]|opponents=*{{flagicon|Djibouti}} [[Djibouti]]
*{{flagicon|Ethiopia}} [[Ethiopia]]
*{{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kenya]]
*{{flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]]
* {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Somalia]]
** {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Pemerintah Federal Somalia]]
** {{flag|Somaliland}}
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Puntland.svg}} [[Puntland]]
** {{flagicon image|Jubbaland2.png}} Jubaland
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Ahlu Sunnah Waljamaca.svg}} [[Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a|ASWJ]]
* {{flagicon|Uganda}} [[Uganda]]
* {{flag|Yaman}}
* {{flag|Turki}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Eş Şebab'ın hedefi Türkiye'de eylem!|url=http://www.milliyet.com.tr/es-sebab-in-hedefi-turkiye-de-gundem-2164392/|date=15 December 2015|accessdate=26 January 2016|work=[[Milliyet]]|language=Turkish}}</ref>
* {{flag|Amerika Serikat}}<ref>{{cite web |last1=MCLAUGHLIN |first1=ELIZABETH |title=US airstrike kills over 100 al-Shabaab fighters in Somalia, Pentagon says |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/us-airstrike-kills-100-al-shabaab-fighters-somalia/story?id=51302888 |website=ABC News |language=en |date=21 November 2017}}</ref>|active2=|split_from={{flagicon image|Shahadah Flag.svg|center|250px}} [[Uni Pengadilan Islam]]}}

'''Harakat al-Shabaab al-Mujahidin''' ('''HSM;''' {{Lang-ar|حركة الشباب المجاهدين}}, {{Transl|ar|ALA|Ḥarakat asy-Syabāb al-Mujāhidīn}}; {{Lang-so|Xarakada Mujaahidiinta Alshabaab}}, yang berarti: "Pemuda [[Mujahidin]]" atau "Gerakan [[Jihad|Pejuang]] Pemuda"), atau lebih dikenal sebagai '''al-Shabaab''' ({{IPAc-en|æ|l|ʃ|ə|ˈ|b|ɑː|b}} ; {{Lang-ar|الشباب}}; yang berarti <span>"pemuda", tetapi dapat diartikan sebagai "para sahabat")</span>, adalah [[Fundamentalisme Islam|kelompok fundamentalis]] dan [[Jihadisme salafi|jihadis]] [[Fundamentalisme Islam|yang]] berbasis di [[Afrika Timur]]. Pada 2012, Al-Shabaab terikat perjanjian setia kepada organisasi [[Islamisme|Islam militan]] [[Al-Qaeda]].<ref name="AlQaeda">{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/02/09/world/africa/somalia-shabaab-qaeda/|title=Al-Shabaab joining al Qaeda, monitor group says|date=9 Februari 2012|publisher=CNN|last=|first=|work=|access-date=|language=en}}</ref> Pada bulan Februari 2012, beberapa pemimpin kelompok tersebut berselisih paham dengan Al-Qaeda terkait serikat jihadis,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/22/opinion/divisive-alliance.html?_r=2&ref=alshabab|work=[[The New York Times]]|first=Bronwyn|last=Bruton|title=Divisive Alliance|date=21 Februari 2012|access-date=|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://somaliareport.com/index.php/post/2896/23_February_2012_Daily_Media_Roundup|title=SomaliaReport: 23 Februari 2012 Daily Media Roundup|last=|first=|date=|website=somaliareport.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226221311/http://www.somaliareport.com/index.php/post/2896/23_February_2012_Daily_Media_Roundup|archive-date=26 Februari 2012|dead-url=yes|access-date=}}</ref> dan dengan cepat kelompok tersebut kehilangan wilayah taklukan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://somaliareport.com/index.php/post/2889/Al-Shabaab_Withdraws_From_Hudur_|title=Al-Shabaab Withdraws From Hudur|last=|first=|date=23 Februari 2012|website=|publisher=SomaliaReport|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120706153513/http://somaliareport.com/index.php/post/2889/Al-Shabaab_Withdraws_From_Hudur_|archive-date=6 Juli 2012|dead-url=yes|access-date=7 Juli 2012}}</ref> Kekuatan pasukan Al-Shabaab diperkirakan 7.000 hingga 9.000 militan pada 2014.  Pada 2015, kelompok ini telah mundur dari kota-kota besar, namun al-Shabaab masih mengendalikan sebagian besar wilayah pedesaan.<ref name="Uptpibais">{{Cite news|title=UN Points to Progress in Battling Al-Shabab in Somalia|url=http://www.voanews.com/articleprintview/2584631.html|access-date=4 Januari 2015|work=VOA|date=3 Januari 2015|last=|first=}}</ref>

Al-Shabaab dimulai sebagai [[Politik fraksi|fraksi]] bersenjata dari [[Uni Pengadilan Islam]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2008/12/08/so-much-fear/war-crimes-and-devastation-somalia|title='So Much to Fear' {{!}} War Crimes and the Devastation of Somalia|date=8 Desember 2008|work=Human Rights Watch|access-date=9 Juni 2018|language=en|last=|first=}}</ref> yang kemudian [[Skisma|terpecah]] menjadi beberapa [[Faksi|faksi yang]] lebih kecil setelah dikalahkan pada tahun 2006 oleh [[Pemerintah Transisi Federal]] Somalia (TFG) dan sekutu militer Pemerintah Transisi Ethiopia.<ref name="Abdisaid2008">Abdisaid M. Ali 2008, [http://www.isn.ethz.ch/pubs/ph/details.cfm?v21=107785&lng=en&ord61=alphanavi&ord60=publicationdate&id=55851 "The Al-Shabaab Al-Mujahidiin: A profile of the first Somali terrorist organisation"], Institut für Strategie Politik Sicherheits und Wirtschaftsberatung (ISPSW), Berlin, Jerman. (dalam bahasa Jerman). Diakses pada 26 Agustus 2008.</ref> Kelompok ini berfungsi sebagai penggerak jihad melawan pembenci Islam, dan terlibat dalam pertempuran melawan [[Pemerintah Federal Somalia]] dan Misi [[Uni Afrika]] untuk Somalia (AMISOM). Al-Shabaab telah ditetapkan sebagai [[Daftar organisasi yang dicap teroris|organisasi teroris]] oleh [[Australia]], [[Kanada]], [[Uni Emirat Arab]], [[Britania Raya]], dan [[Amerika Serikat]].<ref name="dos">{{cite press release|title=Designation of Al-Shabaab|publisher=[[Kementerian Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat]]|date=18 Maret 2008|url=https://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2008/mar/102338.htm|accessdate=18 Maret 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080319184009/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2008/mar/102338.htm|archivedate=19 Maret 2008|deadurl=yes|df=mdy}}</ref><ref name="NPSS">{{Cite news|first=Øyvind|last=Bye Skille|title=Hold dere unna Al-Shabaab|url=http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/1.5046460|publisher=[[Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=March 8, 2008|access-date=18 Maret 2008|language=no|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080313164009/http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/1.5046460|archive-date=13 Maret 2008 <!--DASHBot-->|dead-url=no|work=}}</ref> Pada Juni 2012, [[Kementerian Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat|Departemen Luar Negeri AS]] mengeluarkan hadiah untuk siapapun yang dapat menangkap petinggi kelompok tersebut.<ref name="Smsascrfboa">{{Cite web|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/?articleID=2000059651&story_title=Somali-Al-Shabaab-camel-reward-for-Barack-Obama-%27absurd%27|title=Somali Al Shabaab camel reward for Barack Obama 'absurd'|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=BBC|access-date=12 Juni 2012}}</ref>

Pada awal Agustus 2011, pasukan Pemerintah Federal Transisi dan sekutu (AMISOM) berhasil menangkap semua [[Mogadishu]] dari militan al-Shabaab.<ref name="Rsgdird">{{Cite news|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/commoditiesNews/idAFL6E7J601H20110806?pageNumber=1&virtualBrandChannel=0|title=UPDATE 3-Somali government declares Islamist rebellion defeated|agency=Reuters|date=6 Agustus 2011|access-date=14 Januari 2012|last=|first=|work=|language=en|archive-date=2011-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019171927/http://af.reuters.com/article/commoditiesNews/idAFL6E7J601H20110806?pageNumber=1&virtualBrandChannel=0|dead-url=yes}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141117025839/http://af.reuters.com/article/commoditiesNews/idAFL6E7J601H20110806?pageNumber=1&virtualBrandChannel=0 |date=2014-11-17 }}</ref> Keretakan [[ideologi]]s di dalam kepemimpinan kelompok juga muncul dan beberapa petinggi senior organisasi juga dibunuh.<ref name="Csfdafbtas">{{Cite news|last=Chothia|first=Farouk|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14373264|title=Could Somali famine deal a fatal blow to al-Shabab?|publisher=BBC News|date=9 Agustus 2011|access-date=14 Januari 2012|work=|language=en-GB}}</ref> Karena beridiologi [[Wahhabisme|Wahhabi]], al-Shabaab sangat bertentangan tradisi [[Sufisme|sufi]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://somalithinktank.org/746/|title=An act of desperation by Al-Shabaab|last=|first=|date=7 Oktober 2011|website=|publisher=Somali Think Tank|access-date=14 Januari 2012}}</ref> dan berperang melawan kelompok sufi militan [[Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.voanews.com/articleprintview/155811.html|title=Sufi Militia Says Al-Shabab Planning to Attack Galgadud Region|last=Alisha Ryu|first=|date=15 September 2010|website=|publisher=Voanews.com|language=en-US|access-date=14 Januari 2012}}</ref> Kelompok itu juga diduga memiliki hubungan dengan [[Al-Qaeda di Islam Maghreb]] dan [[Boko Haram]]. Al-Shabaab juga memiliki beberapa jihadis dari negara-negara barat, termasuk [[Samantha Lewthwaite]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Samantha Lewthwaite: Is 'White Widow' behind Kenya mall attack?|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Security-Watch/terrorism-security/2013/0923/Samantha-Lewthwaite-Is-White-Widow-behind-Kenya-mall-attack|newspaper=Christian Science Monitor|date=2013-09-23|access-date=2019-07-17|issn=0882-7729}}</ref> dan Abu Mansoor Al-Amriki.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/abu-mansoor-al-amriki-american-jihadi-somalia_n_2644269|title=American Jihadi In Somalia With Few Friends Left|last=Presse|first=Agence France Presse Agence France|date=2013-02-08|website=HuffPost|language=en|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref>

== Penamaan ==
Al-Shabaab juga dikenal sebagai '''Ash-Shabaab''' atau '''Hizbul Shabaab''' ("Partai Pemuda"), dan Gerakan Perlawanan Arus Utama (PRM) ({{lang-ar|حركة المقاومة الشعبية فى بلاد الهجرتين}}).<ref name="WASHINGTONS-SELF-DEFEATING-SOMALIA-POLICY">[http://forums.csis.org/africa/?p=18 "Washington's Self-Defeating Somalia Policy"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070108162806/http://forums.csis.org/africa/?p=18 |date=January 8, 2007 }} Matt Bryden, CSIS Policy Forum</ref> Singkatnya, kelompok ini sering ditulis di banyak media sebagai '''HSM''', yang berarti ''Harakat al-Shabaab al-Mujahideen''. Kata "''Shabaab"'' berarti "pemuda" dalam bahasa Arab, dan jangan disalahartikan dengan banyak gerakan atau kelompok lain yang bernama sama.<ref name="DIPLOMATS-SS-NEED-FOR-ALL-INCLUSIVE-TALKS">{{cite news|title=Diplomats stress need for all-inclusive talks on the future of Somalia|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2007-02-09-somalia_x.htm|agency=Associated Press|date=February 9, 2007|accessdate=February 9, 2007|work=USA Today}}</ref>

== Lihat pula ==
* [[Negara Islam Irak dan Syam]]

== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}

== Bacaan lebih lanjut ==

* {{Cite book|last=Hansen|first=Stig Jarle|title=Al-Shabaab in Somalia: The History and Ideology of a Militant Islamist Group|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9NlMAgAAQBAJ|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=15 Januari 2013|edition=1|isbn=978-0199327874|year=|location=|page=|language=en}}

== Pranala luar ==

* [http://www.counterextremism.com/threat/al-shabab Al-Shabab], Proyek Melawan Ekstremisme.
* [https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo45559 Al-Shabaab: How Great a Threat?: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, October 3, 2013] (dalam bahasa Inggris).

[[Kategori:Faksi dalam Perang Saudara Somalia]]
[[Kategori:Organisasi yang didirikan tahun 2007]]
[[Kategori:Kelompok jihad]]
[[Kategori:Organisasi gerilya]]
[[Kategori:Organisasi anti-komunis]]
[[Kategori:CS1 sumber berbahasa Turki (tr)]]
[[Kategori:Halaman yang menggunakan sintaks gambar usang]]