Lihat sumber Sarawak

{{periksa terjemahan|en|Sarawak}}
{{About||sungai|Sungai Sarawak|kapal|HMS Sarawak (K591)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                   = Sarawak
| settlement_type        = [[Negara bagian dan wilayah persekutuan di Malaysia|Negara bagian]]
| image_skyline          = {{multiple image
| border                 = infobox
| total_width            = 290
| image_style            = border:1;
| perrow                 = 1/2/2/2
| image1                 = Kuching Sarawak Dewan-Undangan-Negeri-Sarawak-01.jpg
| image3                 = Chinatown welcome gate at Jalan Padungan, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.jpg
| image2                 = Kuching, Sarawak at dawn.jpg
| image4                 = Niah Great Cave, Sarawak, Malaysia.jpg
| image5                 = Mulu Pinnacles.jpg
| image6                 = Julan waterfall 01.jpg
| image7                 = South China Sea, Sarawak (7246670486).jpg
}}
| image_caption          = Dari atas searah jarum jam: [[Gedung Dewan Undangan Negeri Sarawak Baru|Gedung Dewan Undangan Negeri Sarawak]], [[Chinatown, Kuching|Chinatown]], [[Taman Nasional Gunung Mulu]], [[Laut China Selatan]] dilihat dari [[Taman Nasional Bako]], Air Terjun Julai di [[Usun Apau Plieran]], [[Taman Nasional Niah]], dan [[Kuching]] sore hari.
| image_flag             = Flag of Sarawak.svg
| flag_size              =
| flag_alt               = Bendera Sarawak
| image_shield           = Coat of arms of Sarawak.svg
| shield_size            =
| shield_alt             = Lambang Sarawak
| nickname               = Bumi Kenyalang<ref>{{cite web|title=Profil Negara Bagian Sarawak Darul Hana|url=http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/maklumat-kenegaraan/9043-profil-negeri-sarawak.html|published = Kantor Gubernur Negara Bagian Sarawak (Sarawak Information Department)|accessdate=12 Januari 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150421063249/http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/maklumat-kenegaraan/9043-profil-negeri-sarawak.html|archivedate=21 April 2015}}</ref><br />{{small|([[Abjad Jawi|Jawi]]) {{Script|Arab|بومي کڽالڠ}}}}
| motto                  = "Bersatu, Berusaha, Berbakti"
| anthem                 = [[Ibu Pertiwiku]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarawak State Anthem|url=http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/157/174/|publisher=Sarawak Government|access-date=12 Januari 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907185320/http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/157/174/|archive-date=7 September 2015}}</ref><center>[[Berkas:Lagu Rasmi Sarawak - Ibu Pertiwiku.ogg]]</center>
| image_map              = Sarawak in Malaysia.svg
| mapsize                =
| map_alt                =
| map_caption            = <center>{{Legend inline|#C41E3A|outline=silver}} Sarawak di {{Legend inline|#FFFDD0|outline=silver}} [[Malaysia]]</center>
| subdivision_type       = Negara
| subdivision_name       = [[Malaysia]]
| coordinates            = {{coord|2|48|N|113|53|E|display=inline,title}}
| established_title      = [[Kesultanan Brunei]]
| established_date       = Abad ke-15<ref name="srwk">{{cite web|url=http://www.bt.com.bn/golden_legacy/2008/12/28/sultan_tengah_sarawaks_first_sultan|title=Sultan Tengah — Sarawak's first Sultan|publisher=The Brunei Times|date=28 Desember 2008|accessdate=3 April 2014|author=Rozan Yunos|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403100218/http://www.bt.com.bn/golden_legacy/2008/12/28/sultan_tengah_sarawaks_first_sultan|archivedate=3 April 2014|deadurl=yes}}</ref>
| established_title2     = [[Rajah Putih|Dinasti Brooke]]
| established_date2      = 1841
| established_title3     = [[Kerajaan Sarawak]]
| established_date3      = 1841–1941, 1945–1946
| established_title4     = [[Pendudukan Jepang di Borneo Britania|Pendudukan Jepang]]
| established_date4        = 1942–1945
| established_title5       = [[Koloni Mahkota Sarawak|Koloni mahkota]]
| established_date5        = 1 Juli 1946
| established_title6       = Deklarasi kemerdekaan
| established_date6        = 22 Juli 1963<ref name="Porritt1997">{{cite book|author=Vernon L. Porritt|title=British Colonial Rule in Sarawak, 1946–1963|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4pBwAAAAMAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-983-56-0009-8|access-date=7 Mei 2016}}</ref><ref name="Mathews2014">{{cite book|author=Philip Mathews|title=Chronicle of Malaysia: Fifty Years of Headline News, 1963–2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=md9UAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA15|date=28 February 2014|publisher=Editions Didier Millet|isbn=978-967-10617-4-9|page=15}}</ref>
| established_title7       = [[Perjanjian Malaysia|Bergabung dengan Malaysia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1963/35/pdfs/ukpga_19630035_en.pdf|title=Malaysia Act 1963 (Chapter 35)|work=The National Archives|publisher=Konstitusi Britania Raya|access-date=12 Agustus 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114081253/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1963/35/pdfs/ukpga_19630035_en.pdf|archive-date=14 November 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| established_date7        = 16 September 1963<ref name="Agreement relating to Malaysia">{{cite wikisource |title=Agreement relating to Malaysia between United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Federation of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore |wslink=Agreement relating to Malaysia between United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Federation of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore |year=1963 |page=1}}</ref>
| seat_type              = Ibu kota<br />{{nobold|(dan kota terbesar)}}
| seat                   = [[Kuching]]
| parts_type             = Distrik
| parts_style            = Daftar
| parts                  = Daftar
| p1                     = [[Bagian Betong|Betong]]
| p2                     = [[Bagian Bintulu|Bintulu]]
| p3                     = [[Bagian Kapit|Kapit]]
| p4                     = [[Bagian Kuching|Kuching]]
| p5                     = [[Bagian Limbang|Limbang]]
| p6                     = [[Bagian Miri|Miri]]
| p7                     = [[Bagian Mukah|Mukah]]
| p8                     = [[Bagian Samarahan|Samarahan]]
| p9                     = [[Bagian Sarikei|Sarikei]]
| p10                    = [[Bagian Serian|Serian]]
| p11                    = [[Bagian Sibu|Sibu]]
| p12                    = [[Bagian Sri Aman|Sri Aman]]
| government_type        = [[Sistem parlementer|Parlementer]]
| leader_title           = [[Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sarawak|Gubernur]]
| leader_name            = [[Wan Junaidi Tuanku Jaafar]]
| leader_title2          = [[Perdana Menteri Sarawak|Perdana Menteri]]
| leader_name2           = [[Abang Johari Openg]] ([[Gabungan Partai Sarawak|GPS]]–[[Partai Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu|PBB]])
| total_type             = Total
| area_footnotes         = <ref name="statistics">{{cite web|url=https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cone&menu_id=clJnWTlTbWFHdmUwbmtSTE1EQStFZz09|title=Sarawak @ a Glance|publisher=Departemen Statistik Malaysia|access-date=13 Februari 2020}}</ref>
| area_total_km2         = 124450
| area_water_km2         =
| population_footnotes   = <ref name="statistics"/>
| population_total       = 2,907,500
| population_as_of       = 2020
| population_density_km2 = 22
| population_est         =
| pop_est_as_of          = 2010
| population_demonym     = Rakyat Sarawak
| population_note        = 
| demographics_type1     = Bahasa
| demographics1_title1   = Resmi
| demographics1_info1    = [[Bahasa Melayu|Melayu]]{{*}}[[Bahasa Inggris|Inggris]]
| demographics1_title2   = Bahasa lain
| demographics1_info2    = [[Rumpun bahasa Kalimantan Utara Raya|Borneo]]{{*}}[[Bahasa Melayu Sarawak|Melayu Sarawak]]{{*}}[[Bahasa Hakka|Hakka]]{{*}}[[Bahasa Hokkien|Hokkien]]{{*}}[[Bahasa Tiochiu|Tiochiu]]{{*}}[[Dialek Fuzhou|Fuzhou]]<br />dan lain-lain
| demographics_type2     = Demografi
| demographics2_title1   = [[Kelompok etnik]] {{nobold|(2016)}}<ref name="Sarawak Data">{{cite news|url=http://data.sarawak.gov.my/home/data/dataset/ |title=Facts and Figures 2016 |access-date=27 August 2021 |archive-url=https://data.sarawak.gov.my/home/data/dataset/c642e02c-5832-4678-99c6-e438149503c0/ |archive-date=27 Agustus 2021 }}</ref>
| demographics2_info1      = {{Plainlist|
* 62.8% [[Suku Dayak|Dayak]]
* 15.5% [[Masyarakat Melayu di Malaysia|Melayu]]
* 14.7% [[Tionghoa-Malaysia|Tionghoa]]
* 6.5% [[Melanau]]
* 0.5% [[Bumiputera (Malaysia)|Bumiputera]]
}}
| timezone1               = [[Waktu Standar Malaysia|WPM]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Facts of Sarawak|url=http://sarawakfacts.sarawak.gov.my/modules/web/cls_list.php?clsid=34&catid=156&subcatid=&polid=129|publisher=The Sarawak Government|access-date=23 Juli 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723154012/http://sarawakfacts.sarawak.gov.my/modules/web/cls_list.php?clsid=34&catid=156&subcatid=&polid=129|archive-date=23 Juli 2015}}</ref>
| utc_offset1             = +8
| demographics_type2      = Indeks Negara Bagian
| demographics2_title1            = [[Indeks Pembangunan Manusia|IPM]] {{nobold|(2021)}}
| demographics2_info1             = {{increase}} 0.764&nbsp;(<span style="color:#0c0;">tinggi</span>)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Subnational Human Development Index (2.1) [Sarawak – Malaysia]|publisher=Global Data Lab of Institute for Management Research, Radboud University|access-date=12 November 2018}}</ref>
| demographics2_title2            = [[Produk domestik bruto|PDB]] {{nobold|(2021)}}
| demographics2_info2             = {{increase}} [[Ringgit|RM]] 362,974 miliar (US$ 81,585 miliar) (ke-3)<ref name="GDP">{{Cite web|title=Department of Statistics Malaysia Official Portal|url=https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cthemeByCat&cat=102&bul_id=TExzYmVmRC83S1hBMEUrUDVzczdLUT09&menu_id=TE5CRUZCblh4ZTZMODZIbmk2aWRRQT09|access-date=2020-09-30|website=www.dosm.gov.my}}</ref>
| demographics2_title3            = Per kapita {{nobold|(2021)}}
| demographics2_info3             = {{increase}} [[Ringgit|RM]] 71.502 (US$ 16.071) (ke-4)<ref name="GDP"/>
| elevation_max_point             = [[Gunung Murud]]
| elevation_max_ft                = 7,953
| elevation_max_m                 = 2,424
| elevation_ft                    = 351
| elevation_m                     = 107
| elevation_min_point             = [[Laut China Selatan]]
| elevation_min_ft                = 0
| elevation_min_m                 = 0
|postal_code_type        = [[Daftar kode pos di Malaysia|Kode pos]]
|postal_code             = 93xxx<ref>{{cite web|title=Postal codes in Sarawak|url=https://postal-codes.cybo.com/indonesia/sarawak/?p=1|website=cybo.com|accessdate=23 Juli 2015|archive-date=2019-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190519202027/https://postal-codes.cybo.com/indonesia/sarawak/?p=1|dead-url=yes}}</ref> hingga 98xxx<ref>{{cite web|title=Postal codes in Miri|url=https://postal-codes.cybo.com/malaysia/miri/|website=cybo.com|accessdate=23 Juli 2015|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093216/https://postal-codes.cybo.com/malaysia/miri/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
| area_code_type         = [[Nomor telepon di Malaysia|Kode telepon]]
| area_code              = 082 sampai 086<ref>{{cite web|title=Area codes in Sarawak|url=https://area-codes.cybo.com/malaysia/sarawak/?p=1|website=cybo.com|accessdate=22 July 2015|archive-date=2018-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921230029/https://area-codes.cybo.com/malaysia/sarawak/?p=1|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
| registration_plate      = QA sampai QT<ref>{{cite news|last1=Soon|first1=Teh Wei|title=Some Little Known Facts On Malaysian Vehicle Registration Plates|url=http://indonesia.co.id/features/546797-some-little-known-facts-on-malaysian-vehicle-registration-plates.html|accessdate=8 Juli 2015|publisher=Malaysian Digest|date=23 Maret 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708091603/http://malaysiandigest.com/features/546797-some-little-known-facts-on-malaysian-vehicle-registration-plates.html|archivedate=8 July 2015}}</ref>
|website                 = {{official website|http://www.sarawak.gov.my/}}
<!--| footnotes               = {{smallsup|a}} Disamping fakta bahwa Federasi Malaysia baru berdiri pada 16 September 1963, 31 Agustus (kemerdekaan Malaya) dirayakan sebagai [[Hari Merdeka|hari kemerdekaan Malaysia]]. Sejak 2010, 16 September disahkan sebagai [[hari Malaysia]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Yeng|first1=Ai Chun|title=Malaysia Day now a public holiday, says PM|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/story/?file=%2f2009%2f10%2f19%2fnation%2f20091019103509&sec=nation|accessdate=7 August 2015|date=19 October 2009}}</ref>-->
}}

'''Sarawak''', populer dengan julukan '''Bumi Kenyalang''' ({{IPAc-en|s|ə|ˈ|r|ɑː|w|ɒ|k}}; {{IPA-id|saˈrawaʔ|lang}}) adalah [[negara bagian]] di [[Malaysia]]. Negara bagian ini memiliki [[otonomi]] dalam pemerintahan, imigrasi, dan yudisier yang berbeda dari negara-negara bagian di Semenanjung Malaysia. Sarawak terletak di Barat Laut Borneo dan berbatasan dengan [[Sabah|Negara Bagian Sabah]] di Timur Laut, [[Provinsi Kalimantan Barat]], [[Kalimantan Timur]], dan [[Kalimantan Utara]] di bagian Selatan, juga berpapasan dengan [[Brunei]] di Timur Laut. 

Ibu kotanya, [[Kuching]], adalah pusat ekonomi Negara Bagian Sarawak. Kota lainnya di Sarawak meliputi [[Miri]], [[Sibu]], dan [[Bintulu]]. Menurut [[sensus]] 2020 di Malaysia, populasi di negara bagian tersebut sejumlah 2.907.500 orang. Sarawak memiliki [[iklim khatulistiwa]] dengan [[hutan hujan]] tropis dan spesies hewan dan tumbuhan yang beragam. Negara bagian ini memiliki beberapa sistem [[gua]] penting di [[Taman Nasional Gunung Mulu]]. [[Sungai Rajang]] adalah sungai terpanjang di Malaysia; [[Bendungan Bakun]], salah satu bendungan terbesar di [[Asia Tenggara]], terletak di salah satu anak sungainya. [[Gunung Murud]] adalah titik tertinggi di Sarawak.

Pemukiman manusia terawal di Sarawak bermula dari 40,000 tahun yang lalu di [[Taman Nasional Niah|Gua-Gua Niah]].{{whom}} Wilayah tersebut telah memiliki hubungan dagang dengan Tiongkok pada abad ke-8 sampai ke-13 Masehi. Wilayah tersebut berada di bawah pengaruh [[Kekaisaran Brunei]] pada abad ke-16. Negara bagian tersebut [[Kerajaan Sarawak|diperintah oleh keluarga Brooke]] pada abad ke-19 dan ke-20. Pada [[Perang Dunia II]], negara bagian tersebut [[Pendudukan Jepang di Borneo Britania|diduduki oleh Jepang]] selama tiga tahun sebelum dijadikan sebagai [[Koloni Mahkota Sarawak|Koloni Mahkota Britania]] pada 1946. Pada 22 Juli 1963, Sarawak meraih pemerintahan sendiri oleh Inggris. Setelah itu, Sarawak menjadi salah satu anggota pendiri [[Federasi Malaysia]] (didirikan pada 16 September 1963) bersama dengan [[Borneo Utara]] (Sabah), [[Singapura]] (keluar pada 1965), dan [[Federasi Malaysia]] ([[Semenanjung Malaysia]]). Namun, [[federasi]] tersebut ditentang oleh Indonesia, dan berujung pada [[Konfrontasi Indonesia–Malaysia]] selama tiga tahun. Negara bagian tersebut juga mengalami [[Pemberontakan Komunis Sarawak|pemberontakan komunis]] dari 1965 sampai 1968.

Wilayah tersebut dikenal karena keberagaman suku bangsa, budaya, dan bahasa. Kepala negara bagiannya adalah Gubernur, yang sekarang dikenal sebagai [[Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sarawak|Yang di-Pertua Negeri]], sementara kepala pemerintahannya adalah [[Ketua Menteri Sarawak|Perdana Menteri Sarawak]]. Sistem pemerintahannya mengikuti [[sistem Westminster|sistem Kesatuan]]. Wilayah ini terbagi dalam distrik dan divisi administratif. Inggris dan Melayu adalah dua bahasa resmi di negara bagian tersebut; tidak ada agama resmi di sana. [[Museum Negara Bagian Sarawak]] adalah museum tertua di Borneo. Wilayah tersebut dikenal karena alat musik tradisional-nya, [[sapeh]]. [[Festival Musik Hutan Hujan Sedunia]] adalah salah satu acara musik utama di Kalimantan.

Sarawak memiliki keragaman sumber daya alam, dan ekonominya sangat berorientasi ekspor, terutama minyak dan gas, [[kayu]], dan [[minyak sawit]]. Industri lainnya meliputi pabrik, energi dan pariwisata.

== Etimologi ==
[[Berkas:Buceros rhinoceros -Kuala Lumpur Bird Park, Malaysia-8a (1).jpg|jmpl|ki|[[Rangkong badak]] adalah [[Lambang negara bagian Malaysia|burung negara bagian]] Sarawak]]

Berdasarkan penjelasan yang paling umum diterima, kata "Sarawak" berasal dari bahasa [[Melayu Sarawak]], ''serawak'', yang berarti [[antimon]].<ref name="etimologi"/> Sementara itu, menurut penjelasan lain yang populer, kata Serawak merupakan [[pemendekan]] dari empat kata Melayu yang konon pernah diucapkan oleh Pangeran Muda Hashim (paman Sultan Brunei), ''Saya serah pada awak'' (Aku menyerahkannya kepadamu), saat ia memberikan Sarawak kepada [[James Brooke]] pada 1841.<ref name="etimologi">{{cite web|url=http://sejarahmalaysia.pnm.my/portalBI/list.php?ttl_id=35|title=Origin of Place Names – Sarawak|publisher=[[Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia]]|year=2000|accessdate=3 June 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209105740/http://sejarahmalaysia.pnm.my/portalBI/list.php?ttl_id=35&section=sm03 |archivedate=9 February 2008|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Namun, penjelasan semacam itu tidak benar, karena wilayah tersebut sudah dijuluki Sarawak sebelum kedatangan Brooke, dan kata "''awak''" tak pernah ada dalam kosakata Melayu Sarawak sebelum pembentukan negara Malaysia.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kris|first1=Jitab|title=Wrong info on how Sarawak got its name|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1295&dat=19910223&id=xJVUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_o8DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6766,1316351&hl=en|accessdate=14 November 2015|publisher=New Sunday Times|date=23 February 1991}}</ref>

Sarawak juga dijuluki "Tanah Rangkong" (Bumi Kenyalang), karena burung rangkong merupakan salah satu simbol kebudayaan yang penting bagi suku Dayak di Sarawak. Selain itu, terdapat sebuah kepercayaan setempat yang menyatakan bahwa burung rangkong akan mendatangkan keberuntungan jika terlihat terbang di atas permukiman. Di Sarawak juga terdapat 8 dari 54 spesies rangkong dunia, dan [[rangkong badak]] adalah burung resmi negara bagian Sarawak.<ref>{{cite news|title=The magnificent hornbills of Sarawak|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/07/12/the-magnificent-hornbills-of-sarawak/|accessdate=16 November 2015|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=12 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806050124/http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/07/12/the-magnificent-hornbills-of-sarawak/|archivedate=6 August 2015}}</ref>

== Sejarah ==
{{Main|Sejarah Sarawak}}

{{Quote box |width=23em |align=left   |bgcolor=#B0C4DE
|title=Sejarah afiliasi
|fontsize=90% |quote=
{{flagicon image|Old Flag of Brunei.svg}} [[Kekaisaran Brunei|Kesultanan Brunei]] Abad ke-15–1841<ref name="srwk">{{cite web|url=http://www.bt.com.bn/golden_legacy/2008/12/28/sultan_tengah_sarawaks_first_sultan|title=Sultan Tengah — Sarawak's first Sultan|publisher=[[The Brunei Times]]|date=28 December 2008|accessdate=3 April 2014|author=Rozan Yunos|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403100218/http://www.bt.com.bn/golden_legacy/2008/12/28/sultan_tengah_sarawaks_first_sultan|archivedate=3 April 2014|deadurl=yes}}</ref><br />
{{flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of Sarawak (1870).svg}} [[Kerajaan Sarawak]] 1841–1941; 1945–1946<br />
{{flagicon image|Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg}} [[Pendudukan Borneo Britania oleh Jepang|Kekaisaran Jepang]] 1942–1945<br />
{{flagicon image|Flag of Sarawak (1946–1963).svg}} [[Koloni Mahkota Sarawak|Mahkota Sarawak Britania]] 1946–1963<br />
{{flag|Malaysia}} 1963–sekarang
}}
[[Berkas:Edward Augustus Inglefield West view of the river from Anchorage off Sarawak Borneo.jpg|jmpl|Pemandangan sungai dari lepas jangkar Sarawak, Borneo, {{circa|1800an}}. Lukisan dari [[National Maritime Museum]], London.]]
[[Berkas:The barque of Rajah of Sarawak.jpg|jmpl|ka|Sebuah [[barque]] bernama Rajah Sarawak, dalam menghormati James Brooke, beroperasi antara [[Swansea]] di Inggris, [[Australia (benua)|Australia]], dan [[Hindia Timur]] dari akhir 1840-an.]]

Para pemukim awal diketahui tinggal di sekitaran mulut barat [[Gua-Gua Niah]] (berjarak {{convert|110|km|mi}} dari barat daya [[Miri]]) pada 40,000 tahun yang lalu.<ref name=Sarawakforestry>{{cite web|title=Niah National Park – Early Human settlements|url=http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/snp-np-niah.html|publisher=Sarawak Forestry|accessdate=23 March 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218010128/http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/snp-np-niah.html|archivedate=18 February 2015}}</ref><ref name=worldarcheology>{{cite book|last1=Faulkner|first1=Neil|title=Niah Cave, Sarawak, Borneo|date=7 November 2003|publisher=[[Current World Archaeology]] Issue 2|url=http://www.world-archaeology.com/features/niah-cave-sarawak-borneo.htm|accessdate=23 March 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150323011312/http://www.world-archaeology.com/features/niah-cave-sarawak-borneo.htm|archivedate=23 March 2015}}</ref> Sebuah tengkorak manusia modern yang ditemukan di dekat Gua-Gua Niah merupakan jenazah manusia tertua yang ditemukan di Malaysia dan tengkorak manusia modern tertua dari Asia Tenggara.<ref name=Sarawakforestry/><ref name=worldarcheology/><ref>{{cite web|title=History of the Great Cave of Niah|url=http://www.abc.net.au/science/slab/niahcave/history.htm|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|accessdate=23 March 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141122214440/http://www.abc.net.au/science/slab/niahcave/history.htm|archivedate=22 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Niah Cave|url=http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/niah-cave|website=humanorigins.si.edu|publisher=Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History|accessdate=23 March 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122105146/http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/niah-cave|archivedate=22 November 2013}}</ref> Keramik-keramik Tionghoa yang berasal dari zaman dinasti [[dinasti Tang|Tang]] dan [[dinasti Song|Song]] (abad ke-8 sampai ke-13 Masehi) ditemukan di Santubong (dekat [[Kuching]]) menandakan bahwa Santubong telah menjadi sebuah pelabuhan penting pada masa tersebut.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Zheng|first1=Dekun|title=Studies in Chinese Archeology|date=1 January 1982|publisher=[[The Chinese University Press]]|isbn=978-962-201-261-5|pages=49, 50|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fLL5BQj9Xf0C&pg=PA49|accessdate=29 December 2015|quote=In case of Santubong, its association with T'ang and Sung porcelain would necessary provide a date of about 8th – 13th century A.D.}}</ref>

Pada abad ke-16, wilayah Kuching dikenal oleh para [[kartografi|kartografer]] Portugis sebagai ''Cerava'', salah satu dari lima pelabuhan besar di pulau Kalimantan.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Donald F|first1=Lach|title=Asia in the Making of Europe, Volume I: The Century of Discovery, Book 1|date=15 July 2008|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|isbn=978-0-226-46708-5|page=581|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xD52ge5a8vYC&pg=PA581|accessdate=21 March 2016|quote=...&nbsp;but Castanheda lists five great seaports that he says were known to the Portuguese. In his transcriptions they are called "Moduro" (Marudu?), "Cerava" (Sarawak?), "Laue" (Lawai), "Tanjapura" (Tanjungpura), and "Borneo" (Brunei) from which the island derives its name.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Broek|first1=Jan O.M.|title=Place Names in 16th and 17th Century Borneo|journal=[[Imago Mundi]]|date=1962|volume=16|issue=1|page=134|doi=10.1080/03085696208592208|jstor=1150309|quote=Carena (for Carena), deep in the bight, refers to Sarawak, the Kuching area, where there is clear archaeological evidence of an ancient trade center just inland from Santubong. |issn = 0308-5694 }}</ref> Pada awal abad ke-19, Sarawak kurang diperintah oleh Kekaisaran Brunei. Kekaisaran Brunei hanya memiliki otoritas di sepanjang kawasan pesisir Sarawak yang dipegang oleh para pemimpin [[etnis Melayu|Melayu]] semi-independen. Sementara itu, wilayah dalam Sarawak utamanya didominasi suku-suku yang terdiri dari [[suku Iban]], [[suku Kayan|Kayan]] dan [[suku Kenyah|Kenyah]], yang agresif dalam ekspansi teritorial mereka.<ref name=Fairlandsarawak>{{cite book|last1=Alastair|first1=Morrison|title=Fair Land Sarawak: Some Recollections of an Expatriate Official|date=1 January 1993|publisher=[[Cornell Southeast Asia Program|SEAP Publications]]|isbn=978-0-87727-712-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U80cU8Fx1kAC&pg=PA10|page=10|accessdate=29 October 2015}}</ref> Setelah penemuan tambang entimon di kawasan Kuching, Pangeran Indera Mahkota (perwakilan Sultan Brunei) mulai mengembangkan wilayah tersebut antara 1824 dan 1830. Saat produksi antimon meningkat, Kesultanan Brunei meraih pajak tinggi dari Sarawak; hal ini berujung kepada ketegangan dan pertikaian saudara.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Trudy|first1=Ring|last2=Noelle|first2=Watson|last3=Paul|first3=Schellinger|title=Asia and Oceania: International Dictionary of Historic Places|date=12 November 2012|publisher=[[Cornell Southeast Asia Program|SEAP Publications]]|isbn=978-0-87727-712-5|page=497|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=voerPYsAB5wC&pg=PA497|accessdate=29 October 2015}}</ref> Pada 1839, Sultan [[Omar Ali Saifuddin II]] (1827–1852), memerintahkan pamannya Pangeran Muda Hashim untuk mengembalikan keadaan. Pangeran Muda Hashim meminta bantuan pelaut Inggris [[James Brooke]] dalam hal materi, yang Brooke sepakati. James Brooke berhasil meredam pemberontakan tersebut dan kemudian ditunjuk oleh Pangeran Muda Hashim untuk memerintah Sarawak.

[[Berkas:Sir James Brooke (1847) by Francis Grant.jpg|jmpl|kiri|Sir [[James Brooke]], [[Rajah Sarawak]] pertama]]

Keluarga Brooke memerintah Sarawak dari [[Astana, Sarawak|Astana]] sebagai [[Raja Putih]] dan meluaskan wilayah Sarawak ke kawasan utara.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Mike|first1=Reed|title=Book review of "The Name of Brooke – The End of White Rajah Rule in Sarawak" by R.H.W. Reece, Sarawak Literary Society, 1993|url=http://www1.sarawak.com.my/travel_features/bk_review/brooke.html|website=sarawak.com.my|accessdate=7 August 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030608223530/http://www1.sarawak.com.my/travel_features/bk_review/brooke.html|archivedate=8 June 2003}}</ref> Negara tersebut mengeluarkan mata uang pertamanya dengan sebutan [[dolar Sarawak]] pada 1858.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Cuhaj|first1=George S|title=Standard Catalog of World Paper Money, General Issues, 1368–1960|date=2014|publisher=[[F+W Media]]|isbn=978-1-4402-4267-0|page=1058|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tmOYCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1058|accessdate=13 January 2016|quote=Sarawak was recognised as a separate state by the United States (1850) and Great Britain (1864), and voluntarily became a British protectorate in 1888.}}</ref> Sarawak terbagi dalam lima divisi administratif. Setiap divisi dikepalai oleh seorang Residen.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lim|first1=Kian Hock|title=A look at the civil administration of Sarawak|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2011/09/16/a-look-at-the-civil-administration-of-sarawak/|accessdate=21 November 2015|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=16 September 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206232438/http://www.theborneopost.com/2011/09/16/a-look-at-the-civil-administration-of-sarawak/|archivedate=6 February 2015}}</ref> Pemerintahan Brooke mendirikan sebuah Dewan Tertinggi yang terdiri dari para pemimpin Melayu yang menasehati Rajah pada seluruh aspek pemerintahan.<ref name="Empirenationalism">{{cite book|last1=Ooi|first1=Keat Gin|title=Post-war Borneo, 1945–50: Nationalism, Empire and State-Building|date=2013|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-134-05803-7|page=7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RzVUOidajPAC&pg=PA7|accessdate=2 November 2015}}</ref> Dewan Tertinggi tersebut merupakan majelis legislatif negara tertua di Malaysia, dengan pertemuan Dewan Jenderal pertama diadakan di [[Bintulu]] pada 1867.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bintulu – Places of Interest|url=http://www.bda.gov.my/modules/web/pages.php?mod=webpage&sub=page&id=49&menu_id=0&sub_id=66|publisher=[[Otoritas Pengembangan Bintulu]]|accessdate=19 July 2015}}</ref> Sementara itu, suku Iban dan suku-suku Dayak lainnya dinaungi sebagai [[militia]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Marshall|first1=Cavendish|title=World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia, Volume 9|date=2007|publisher=[[Marshall Cavendish]]|location=Bangladesh|isbn=978-0-7614-7642-9|page=1182|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=72VwCFtYHCgC&pg=PA1182|accessdate=2 November 2015}}</ref> Dinasti Brooke juga mengadakan imigrasi pedagang Tionghoa untuk pengembangan ekonomi, khususnya sektor pertambangan dan pertanian.<ref name="Empirenationalism"/> [[Borneo Company Limited]] dibentuk pada 1856. Perusahaan tersebut terlibat dalam sebagian besar bisnis di Sarawak seperti perdagangan, perbankan, pertanian, eksplorasi mineral, dan pengembangan.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Borneo Company Limited|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_1248_2007-07-02.html|publisher=[[National Library Board]]|accessdate=25 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151012024013/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_1248_2007-07-02.html|archivedate=12 October 2015}}</ref>

[[Berkas:Sarawak territorial expansion.gif|jmpl|ka|Perluasan wilayah [[Kerajaan Sarawak]] dari 1841 sampai 1905 memainkan peran signifikan untuk perbatasan saat ini dari negara bagian modern Sarawak.]]
Dari 1853 sampai 1862, pemerintahan Brooke mengalami sejumlah pemberontakan namun semuanya berhasil dipadamkan.<ref name="Empirenationalism"/> Akibatnya, serangkaian benteng dibangun di sekitaran Kuching untuk mempertahankan kekuasaan Rajah. Benteng-benteng tersebut meliputi [[Benteng Margherita]], yang diselesaikan pada 1879.<ref name=Kingdominjungle>{{cite news|last1=Simon|first1=Elegant|title=SARAWAK: A KINGDOM IN THE JUNGLE|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1986/07/13/travel/sarawak-a-kingdom-in-the-jungle.html?pagewanted=all|accessdate=2 November 2015|publisher=The New York Times|date=13 July 1986|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102083010/http://www.nytimes.com/1986/07/13/travel/sarawak-a-kingdom-in-the-jungle.html?pagewanted=all|archivedate=2 November 2015}}</ref> Sarawak menjadi [[protektorat]] Inggris pada 1888, saat masih diperintah oleh dinasti Brooke.<ref name="Borneotrilogy">{{cite book|last1=Frans|first1=Welman|title=Borneo Trilogy Sarawak: Volume 1|date=2011|publisher=Booksmango|location=Bangkok, Thailand|isbn=978-616-245-082-2|page=177|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BCrEN6gUkHEC&pg=PA177|accessdate=2 November 2015}}</ref> Pada 1891, [[Charles Brooke, Rajah Sarawak|Charles Anthoni Brooke]], Rajah Putih Sarawak kedua, mendirikan [[Museum Sarawak]], museum tertua di Kalimantan.<ref name=Kingdominjungle/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Saiful|first1=Bahari|title=Thrill is gone, state museum stuck in time — Public|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/06/23/thrill-is-gone-state-museum-stuck-in-time-public/|accessdate=2 November 2015|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=23 June 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002091817/http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/06/23/thrill-is-gone-state-museum-stuck-in-time-public/|archivedate=2 October 2015}}</ref> Pada 1899, Charles Anthoni Brooke mengakhiri peperangan antar-suku di [[Marudi, Sarawak|Marudi]]. Sumur minyak pertama dibor pada 1910. Dua tahun kemudian, galangan dok Brooke dibuka. [[Anthony Walter Dayrell Brooke|Anthony Brooke]] lahir pada tahun yang sama dan menjadi Rajah Muda pada 1939.<ref>{{cite web|title=History of Sarawak|url=http://www.brooketrust.org/history-of-sarawak|publisher=Brooke Trust|accessdate=29 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129025715/http://www.brooketrust.org/history-of-sarawak|archivedate=2016-11-29|dead-url=unfit}}</ref>

[[Berkas:1943 World War II Japanese Aeronautical Map of Borneo - Geographicus - Borneo12-wwii-1943.jpg|jmpl|ka|Peta [[pendudukan Borneo Britania oleh Jepang|pendudukan Borneo]] pada 1943 oleh Jepang pada [[Perang Dunia II]] dengan label ditulis dalam [[karakter Jepang]].]]
[[Berkas:Native population of Kuching.JPG|jmpl|ka|Kerumunan besar penduduk asli Sarawak mengerumuti sebuah jalan raya di [[Kuching]] untuk menyaksikan kedatangan [[Second Australian Imperial Force|Australian Imperial Force]] (AIF) pada 12 September 1945.]]
Pada 1941, pada perayaan keseratus pemerintahan Brooke di Sarawak, [[konstitusi Sarawak 1941|konstitusi baru]] diperkenalkan untuk membatasi kekuasaan Rajah dan memperbolehkan orang Sarawak untuk memainkan peran yang lebih besar dalam memfungsikan pemerintah.<ref>{{cite news|title=Centenary of Brooke rule in Sarawak – New Democratic Constitution being introduced today|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19410924.2.68.aspx|accessdate=2 November 2015|publisher=[[The Straits Times]] (Singapura)|date=24 September 1941}}</ref> Pada tahun yang sama, Inggris menarik pasukan pertahanannya dari Sarawak dan kembali ke Singapura. Karena Sarawak menjadi tidak terjaga, rezim Brooke memutuskan untuk mengadopsi kebijakan [[bumi hangus]] dimana instalasi-instalasi minyak di Miri akan dihancurkan dan pangkalan udara Kuching dipertahankan selama mungkin sebelum kemudian dihancurkan. Sebuah pasukan invasi Jepang yang dipimpin oleh [[Kiyotake Kawaguchi]] mendarat di Miri pada 16 Desember 1941 (dalapan hari dalam Kampanye Malaya) dan menaklukan Kuching pada 24 Desember 1941. Pasukan Inggris memutuskan untuk retret ke [[Singkawang]] di [[Borneo Belanda]] yang berbatasan dengan Sarawak. Setelah sepuluh minggu bertempur di Borneo Belanda, pasukan Sekutu menyerah pada 1 April 1942.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Klemen|first1=L|title=The Invasion of British Borneo in 1942|url=http://www.dutcheastindies.webs.com/sarawak.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401045406/http://www.dutcheastindies.webs.com/sarawak.html|archivedate=2015-04-01|website=dutcheastindies.webs.com|accessdate=3 November 2015|date=1999|dead-url=no}}</ref> Saat Jepang menginvasi Sarawak, Charles Vyner Brooke telah pergi ke [[Sydney]] ([[Australia]]) sementara para perwiranya ditangkap oleh Jepang dan dimasukkan ke [[kamp Batu Lintang]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Japanese Occupation (1941 – 1945)|url=http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/235/246/|publisher=The Sarawak Government|accessdate=3 November 2015}}</ref>

Sarawak masih menjadi bagian dari [[Kekaisaran Jepang]] selama tiga tahun delapan bulan. Sarawak terbagi dalam tiga provinsi, yakni: Kuching-shu, Sibu-shu, dan Miri-shu, yang masing-masing berada di bawah kepemimpinan Gubernur Provinsial Jepang mereka masing-masing. Pasukan Sekutu kemudian melancarkan [[Operasi Semut]] menyabotase operasi-operasi Jepang di Sarawak.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ooi|first1=Keat Gin|title=Prelude to invasion: covert operations before the re-occupation of Northwest Borneo, 1944{{ndash}}45|journal=Journal of the [[Australian War Memorial]]|url=https://www.awm.gov.au/journal/j37/borneo.asp|accessdate=3 November 2015}}</ref> Setelah [[menyerahnya Jepang]], Jepang menyerah kepada pasukan Australia di [[Labuan]] pada 10 September 1945.<ref>{{cite web|title=Historical Monument – Surrender Point|url=http://www.pl.gov.my/en/web/guest/tugu-penyerahan-jepun;jsessionid=10C59E905CBE1CA017EA2CC8600CEF41|website=Official Website of Labuan Corporation|publisher=Labuan Corporation|accessdate=3 November 2015|archive-date=2015-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117025545/http://www.pl.gov.my/en/web/guest/tugu-penyerahan-jepun;jsessionid=10C59E905CBE1CA017EA2CC8600CEF41|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Rainsford|first1=Keith Carr|title=Surrender to Major-General Wootten at Labuan|url=https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/F07316/|publisher=[[Australian War Memorial]]|accessdate=3 November 2015}}</ref> Sarawak kemudian ditempatkan di bawah [[Pemerintahan Militer Inggris (Borneo)|Pemerintahan Militer Inggris]] sampai April 1946.<ref>{{cite web|title=British Military Administration (August 1945 – April 1946)|url=http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/236/247/|publisher=The Sarawak Government|accessdate=3 November 2015}}</ref>

[[Berkas:Japanese conquest map, Kuching.JPG|jmpl|kiri|Sebuah peta dunia besar mewakili [[Kekaisaran Jepang|kawasan pendudukan Jepang di Asia]], dipasang di jalan utama ibu kota Sarawak.]]
Karena kekurangan sumber daya untuk membangun kembali Sarawak setelah perang, pemerintah Brooke tidak berniat membangun kembali Sarawak. Ia memutuskan untuk menyerahkan kedaulatan Sarawak kepada Koloni Mahkota Inggris. Setelah itu, Undang-Undang Penyerahan dibuat di Dewan Negri (sekarang [[Majelis Legislatif Negara Bagian Sarawak]]) dan debat berlangsung selama tiga hari. Undang-Undang tersebut disahkan pada 17 Mei 1946 dengan suara mayoritas (19 lawan 16 suara). Hal ini menyebabkan ratusan PNS Melayu mengundurkan diri sebagai bentuk protes, merebakkan [[gerakan Anti-Penyerahan Sarawak|gerakan anti-penyerahan]] dan pembunuhan gubernur kolonial kedua Sarawak Sir [[Duncan Stewart (diplomat Inggris)|Duncan Stewart]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarawak as a British Crown Colony (1946–1963)|url=http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/237/248/|publisher=The Official Website of the Sarawak Government|accessdate=7 November 2015}}</ref> Sarawak menjadi sebuah [[Sarawak (koloni Mahkota Inggris)|koloni Mahkota Inggris]] pada 1 Juli 1946.<ref name=Anthonybrooke>{{cite news|last1=David|first1=Leafe|title=The last of the White Rajahs: The extraordinary story of the Victorian adventurer who subjugated a vast swathe of Borneo|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1367066/The-White-Rajahs-The-extraordinary-story-Victorian-adventurer-subjugated-vast-swathe-Borneo.html|accessdate=2 November 2015|publisher=[[Mail Online]] (UK)|date=17 March 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714045902/http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1367066/The-White-Rajahs-The-extraordinary-story-Victorian-adventurer-subjugated-vast-swathe-Borneo.html|archivedate=14 July 2015 |quote=Vyner agreed to cede it to the British Crown in return for a substantial financial settlement for him and his family. So it became Britain's last colonial acquisition.}}</ref> Anthony Brooke menentang penyerahan teritorial Rajah kepada Mahkota Inggris.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mike|first1=Thomson|title=The stabbed governor of Sarawak|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17299633|accessdate=3 November 2015|publisher=BBC News|date=14 March 2012}}</ref> Karena itu, ia diusir dari Sarawak oleh pemerintah kolonial<ref name="Empirenationalism"/><ref group=note>Ooi, 2013. This denial of entry to Anthony&nbsp;... (page 93)&nbsp;... The anti-cession movement was by the early 1950s effectively "strangled" a dead letter.(page 98)</ref> dan baru diperbolehkan kembali pada 17 tahun berikutnya untuk kunjungan nostalgia, saat Sarawak menjadi bagian dari Malaysia.<ref name="Anthonylegal">{{cite news|title=Anthony Brooke|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/politics-obituaries/8365045/Anthony-Brooke.html|accessdate=3 November 2015|publisher=The Daily Telegraph|date=6 March 2011}}</ref> Pada 1950, seluruh gerakan anti-penyerahan di Sarawak diredam oleh pemerintah kolonial.<ref name=Fairlandsarawak/>

[[Berkas:Sarawak during the formation of Malaysia (16 September 1963).jpg|jmpl|kiri|[[Gelar Melayu|Tan Sri Datuk Amar]] [[Stephen Kalong Ningkan]] mendeklarasikan pembentukan Federasi Malaysia pada 16 September 1963]]
Pada 27 Mei 1961, [[Tunku Abdul Rahman]], perdana menteri [[Federasi Malaya]], mengumumkan sebuah rencana untuk membentuk federasi yang lebih besar bersama dengan [[Singapura]], Sarawak, Sabah dan Brunei, yang disebut Malaysia. Pada 17 Januari 1962, [[Komisi Cobbold]] dibentuk untuk menggerakan dukungan Sarawak dan Sabah terhadap federasi tersebut. Komisi Cobbold mengabarkan 80 persen dukungan untuk federasi tersebut.<ref>{{cite web|title=Formation of Malaysia 16 September 1963|url=http://www.arkib.gov.my/en/web/guest/penubuhan-malaysia-16-september-1963?p_p_id=56_INSTANCE_Oj0d&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-inner-3&p_p_col_count=1&page=1|publisher=[[Arsip Nasional Malaysia]]|accessdate=8 November 2015|archive-date=2016-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307120947/http://www.arkib.gov.my/en/web/guest/penubuhan-malaysia-16-september-1963?p_p_id=56_INSTANCE_Oj0d&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-inner-3&p_p_col_count=1&page=1|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=JC|first1=Fong|title=Formation of Malaysia|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2011/09/16/formation-of-malaysia/|accessdate=8 November 2015|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=16 September 2011}}</ref> Pada 23 Oktober 1962, lima partai politik di Sarawak membentuk sebuah front persatuan yang mendukung pembentukan Malaysia.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Tai|first1=Yong Tan|title=Creating "Greater Malaysia": Decolonization and the Politics of Merger|date=2008|publisher=[[Institute of Southeast Asian Studies]]|isbn=978-981-230-747-7|pages=154–169|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ue77C4zp4pcC&pg=PA155|accessdate=8 November 2015|chapter=Chapter Six: Borneo Territories and Brunei}}</ref> Sarawak [[Hari Kemerdekaan Sarawak|resmi meraih kemerdekaan]] pada 22 Juli 1963,<ref name="Porritt1997"/><ref name="Mathews2014"/> dan kemudian membentuk federasi Malaysia dengan Malaya, Borneo Utara, dan Singapura pada 16 September 1963.<ref>{{cite web|title=Trust and Non-self governing territories|url=http://www.un.org/Depts/dpi/decolonization/trust2.htm|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=2 April 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110503183847/http://www.un.org/Depts/dpi/decolonization/trust2.htm#3|archivedate=3 May 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=United Nations Member States|url=http://www.un.org/press/en/2006/org1469.doc.htm#_edn16|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=1 April 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305033119/http://www.un.org/press/en/2006/org1469.doc.htm|archivedate=5 March 2016|date=3 July 2006}}</ref> Federasi Malaysia mengadapi penentangan dari Filipina, Indonesia, [[Partai Rakyat Brunei]], dan kelompok-kelompok komunis yang berbasis di Sarawak. Pada 1962, [[Pemberontakan Brunei]] pecah.<ref>{{cite web|title=Brunei Revolt breaks out – 8 December 1962|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/521bbca2-d44c-47bc-ba06-c3e1763e5a10|publisher=[[National Library Board]] (Singapore)|accessdate=9 November 2015}}</ref> Presiden Indonesia [[Sukarno]] memerintahkan sebuah konfrontasi militer dengan Malaysia, mengirim para sukarelawan bersenjata dan kemudian pasukan militer ke Sarawak.<ref>[https://treaties.un.org/doc/publication/unts/volume%20550/volume-550-i-8029-english.pdf United Nations Treaty Registered No. 8029, Manila Accord between Philippines, Federation of Malaya and Indonesia (31 July 1963)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011000000/http://untreaty.un.org/unts/1_60000/16/16/00030780.pdf |date=11 October 2010 }}. Retrieved on 12 August 2011.</ref><ref>[http://untreaty.un.org/unts/1_60000/18/5/00034224.pdf United Nations Treaty Series No. 8809, Agreement relating to the implementation of the Manila Accord]{{dead link|date=December 2016}} {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111012141416/http://untreaty.un.org/unts/1_60000/18/5/00034224.pdf |date=12 October 2011 }}. Retrieved on 12 August 2011.</ref> Ribuan anggota OKC datang ke [[Kalimantan]] dan dilatih oleh [[Partai Komunis Indonesia]]. Saat [[Suharto]] menggantikan Sukarno sebagai presiden Indonesia, negosiasi dimulai kembali antara Malaysia dan Indonesia yang berujung pada akhir konfrontasi pada 11 Agustus 1966. Kelompok komunis pertama di Sarawak dibentuk pada 1951. Partai Komunis Kalimantan Utara (PKKU) (yang juga dikenal sebagai Organisasi Komunis Clandestine (OKC) oleh sumber-sumber pemerintah) secara resmi dibentuk pada 1970.<ref name=Fairlandsarawak/><ref group=note>The first Communist group to be formed in Sarawak&nbsp;... (page 95)</ref> Weng Min Chyuan dan [[Bong Kee Chok]] adalah dua pemimpin komunis terkenal. Pada 1973, Bong menyerah kepada ketua menteri [[Abdul Rahman Ya'kub]]; hal tersebut secara signifikan mengurangi kekuatan partai komunis. Namun, Weng, yang memimpin OKS dari Tiongkok sejak pertengahan 1960-an, menyerukan perjuangan bersenjata melawan pemerintah, yang setelah 1974 berlanjut di [[Sungai Rajang|Delta Rajang]]. Pada akhirnya, pada 17 Oktober 1990, PKKU menandatangani perjanjian damai dengan pemerintah Sarawak. Hal ini mengakhiri akhir pemberontakan komunis di Sarawak.<ref>{{cite web|last1=James|first1=Chin|title=Book Review: The Rise and Fall of Communism in Sarawak 1940–1990|url=http://kyotoreview.org/book-review/book-review-the-rise-and-fall-of-communism-in-sarawak-1940-1990/|publisher=Kyoto Review of South East Asia|accessdate=10 November 2015}}</ref><ref name="chanwong">{{cite web |url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2011/09/16/saga-of-communist-insurgency-in-sarawak/ |title=Saga of communist insurgency in Sarawak |last1=Chan |first1=Francis |last2=Wong |first2=Phyllis |date=16 September 2011 |work= |publisher=''[[The Borneo Post]]'' |accessdate=10 January 2013}}</ref>

== Politik ==
=== Pemerintah ===
{{See also|Politik Malaysia}}
[[Berkas:Timeline of evolution of political parties in Sarawak.svg|jmpl|upright=1.3636|ka|Garis waktu partai politik di Sarawak]]
Kepala negara bagian Sarawak adalah [[Daftar Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sarawak|Yang di-Pertua Negeri]] (juga dikenal sebagai TYT atau Gubernur Negara Bagian), sebuah jabatan yang sebagian besar simbolik, yang dilantik oleh [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]] (raja) Malaysia.<ref name=Governance>{{cite web|title=About Sarawak – Governance|url=http://www.spu.sarawak.gov.my/governance.html|website=Official website of State Planning Unit – Chief Minister's Department of Sarawak|accessdate=14 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130913195537/http://www.spu.sarawak.gov.my/governance.html|archivedate=13 September 2013 }}</ref> Sejak 2014, jabatan tersebut dipegang oleh [[Abdul Taib Mahmud]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Yang di-Pertua Negeri|url=http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/173/189/|publisher=Sarawak Government|accessdate=12 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907192409/http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/173/189/|archivedate=7 September 2015}}</ref> TYT melantik [[Daftar Ketua Menteri Sarawak|ketua menteri]] sebagai [[kepala pemerintahan]]. Ketua menteri saat ininya adalah [[Abang Johari Openg]] ([[Barisan Nasional|BN]]).<ref name="Berita Harian">{{cite web|title=Abang Johari Ketua Menteri baharu Sarawak|url=http://www.bharian.com.my/node/234039|website=BH Online|publisher=Berita Harian|accessdate=13 January 2017}}</ref> Umumnya, pemimpin partai yang mendapatkan suara mayoritas Majelis Legislatif negara bagian tersebut dilantik sebagai ketua menteri. Para perwakilan terpiki dikenal sebagai anggota majelis negara bagian. Majelis negara bagian mengesahkan hukum-hukum pada subyek yang tidak berada di bawah yuridiksi [[Parlemen Malaysia]] seperti administrasi lahan, pekerjaan, kehutanan, imigrasi, perkapalan dagang dan perikanan. Pemerintah negara bagian diurus oleh ketua menteri dan menteri-menteri kabinet dan asisten-asisten menterinya.<ref>{{cite web|title=My Constitution: Sabah, Sarawak and special interests|url=http://www.malaysianbar.org.my/constitutional_law_committee/my_constitution_sabah_sarawak_and_special_interests.html|publisher=[[Malaysian Bar]]|accessdate=13 November 2015|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20161119121428/http://www.malaysianbar.org.my/constitutional_law_committee/my_constitution_sabah_sarawak_and_special_interests.html|archivedate=2016-11-19|date=2 February 2011|dead-url=no}}</ref>

Untuk melindungi kepentingan orang-orang Sarawak di federasi Malaysia, pengamanan khusus dimasukkan dalam [[Konstitusi Malaysia]]. Sarawak memiliki kekuasaan untuk mengkontrol entri tersebut dan keresidenan non-Sarawak dan non-Sabah. Hanya pengacara yang tinggal di Sarawak yang dapat berpraktik hukum disana. Mahkamah Tinggi Sarawak adalah Mahkamah Tinggi independen di Semenanjung Malaysia. Ketua menteri Sarawak harus berkonsultasi sebelum pelantikan ketua hakim Mahkamah Tinggi Sarawak. Terdapat juga Mahkamah Penduduk Asli di Sarawak. Sarawak meraih pemberian khusus dari pemerintah federal dan mengubah pajak penjualannya sendiri. Penduduk asli di Sarawak menikmati hak-hak khusus seperti kuota dan pekerjaan dalam layanan publik, beasiswa, penempatan universitas, dan ijin usaha.<ref>{{cite web|title=My Constitution: About Sabah and Sarawak|url=http://www.malaysianbar.org.my/constitutional_law_committee/my_constitution_about_sabah_and_sarawak.html|publisher=Malaysian Bar|accessdate=13 November 2015|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20161119121136/http://www.malaysianbar.org.my/constitutional_law_committee/my_constitution_about_sabah_and_sarawak.html|archivedate=2016-11-19|date=10 January 2011|dead-url=no}}</ref> Pemerintah lokal di Sarawak adalah independen menurut hukum otoritas lokal yang diberlakukan oleh parlemen Malaysia.<ref name=95D>[[s:Constitution of Malaysia#Article 95d|Article 95D]], Constitution of Malaysia. Accessed on 6 August 2008.</ref>

[[Berkas:DUN Sarawak.JPG|jmpl|kiri|[[Gedung Majelis Legislatif Negara Bagian Sarawak Baru|Gedung Majelis Negara Bagian]] yang diduduki Majelis Legislatif Negara Bagian Sarawak]]
Partai-partai politik besar di Sarawak terbagi dalam tiga kategori: penduduk asli non-Muslim, penduduk asli Muslim, dan non-penduduk asli; namun, partai-partai tersebut juga dapat meliputi anggota-anggota dari lebih dari satu kelompok.<ref>{{cite book|last1=R.S|first1=Milne|last2=K.J|first2=Ratnam|title=Malaysia: New States in a New Nation|date=2014|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-135-16061-6|page=71|url=https://books.google.com.my/books?id=_kiaAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA69|accessdate=14 November 2015|quote=...&nbsp;the major parties in each state fall quite neatly into three categories: native-non-Muslim, native-Muslim, and non-native.}}</ref> Partai politik pertama, Partai Persatuan Rakyat Sarawak (PPRS), didirikan pada 1959, disusul oleh Parti Negara Sarawak (PANAS) (pada 1960) dan Partai Nasional Sarawak (SNAP) (pada 1961). Partai politik besar lainnya seperti Parti Pesaka Sarawak (PESAKA) muncul pada 1962.<ref name=Fairlandsarawak /> Sarawak telah menjadi kekuasaan politik dari pemerintahan [[Partai Aliansi (Malaysia)|Partai Aliansi]] dan, kemudian, penerusnya koalisi [[Barisan Nasional]] (BN) sejak pembentukan Malaysia pada 1963. [[Stephen Kalong Ningkan]] (dari SNAP) menjadi [[Ketua Menteri Sarawak]] pertama dari 1963 sampai 1966 setelah kemenangannya dalam pemilihan dewan lokal. Namun, ia dilengserkan pada 1966 oleh [[Tawi Sli]] (dari PESAKA) dengan bantuan [[pemerintah Malaysia|pemerintah federal Malaysia]], yang menyebabkan [[krisis konstitusional Sarawak 1966]].<ref name=Fairlandsarawak /> Iklim politik di negara bagian tersebut stabil sampai [[Urusan Dewan Ming 1987]], sebuah kudeta politik yang diadakan oleh paman [[Abdul Taib Mahmud]] untuk melengserkan koalisi BN pimpinan Taib. Namun, kudeta tersebut gagal dan Taib masih mempertahankan status ketua menterinya.<ref>{{cite news |title= SPECIAL REPORT: The Ming Court Affair (subscription required) |url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/51574|date= 9 January 2013 |last= |first= |publisher=[[Malaysiakini]] |accessdate=23 June 2014}}</ref>

{{Multiple image
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}}
Pada 1970, [[pemilihan negara bagian Sarawak 1969|pemilihan negara bagian Sarawak pertama]] diadakan, dimana para anggota Dewan Negeri (sekarang Majelis Legislatif Negara Bagian Sarawak) dipilih langsung oleh para pemilih. Pemilihan tersebut juga menandai permulaan dominasi etnis [[Melanau]] dalam politik Sarawak oleh [[Abdul Rahman Ya'kub]] dan Abdul Taib Mahmud. Pada tahun yang sama, Partai Komunis Kalimantan Utara (PKKU) dibentuk, yang melakukan perang gerilya melawan pemerintahan negara bagian Sarawak yang baru terpilih. Partai tersebut dibubarkan setelah menandatangani perjanjian damai pada 1990.<ref name="chanwong" /> Pada 1973, [[Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu]] (PBB) lahir setelah penggabungan beberapa partai.<ref name=DAPJOURNAL>{{cite journal |last1= Chin |first1= James|year= 1996 |title= The Sarawak Chinese Voters and Their Support for the Democratic Action Party (DAP)|journal= Southeast Asian Studies |volume= 34 |issue= 2|pages= 387–401|publisher=Kyoto University Research Information Repository |doi= |url= http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/56593/1/KJ00000131931.pdf|accessdate=19 June 2014}}</ref> Partai tersebut kemudian akan menjadi tulang punggung koalisi BN Sarawak. Sejak 1983, sebuah partai yang berbasis Dayak, SNAP, telah terpecah menjadi beberapa pecahan partai karena krisis-krisis kepemimpinan bertubi-tubi.<ref>{{cite news |title= SNAP faces more resignations over BN move |url= http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/01/09/snap-faces-more-resignations-over-bn-move/ |date= 9 January 2013 |last= Tawie |first= Joseph |publisher= [[Free Malaysia Today]] |accessdate= 19 June 2014 |archive-date= 2015-01-13 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150113164442/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/01/09/snap-faces-more-resignations-over-bn-move/ |dead-url= yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= Analysis: Party loyalty counts for little in Sarawak  |url=http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/analysis-party-loyalty-counts-for-little-in-sarawak|date= 23 May 2014 |last= Mering |first= Raynore|publisher=[[The Malay Mail]] |accessdate=19 June 2014}}</ref> Sarawak awalnya mengadakan pemilihan negara bagian bersamaan dengan pemilihan parlementer nasional. Namun, ketua menteri pada waktu itu Abdul Rahman Ya'kub menunda pembubaran majelis negara bagian selama setahun untuk menyiapkan tantangan yang ditaruh oleh partai-partai oposisi dan untuk menyelesaikan alokasi kursi untuk partai SNAP yang baru masuk dalam BN Sarawak.<ref name="Faisal">{{cite book|last1=Faisal|first1=S Hazis|title=Domination and Contestation: Muslim Bumiputera Politics in Sarawak|date=2012|publisher=[[Institute of Southeast Asian Studies]]|isbn=978-981-4311-58-8|pages=84, 86, 97|url=https://books.google.com.my/books?id=nhAU_JcFNZ0C&pg=PA86|accessdate=11 December 2015|quote=Rahman was responsible for inserting a provision on Islam, known as Article 4(1) and (2), in the ''negeri'' constitution, which states that "The Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall be the Head of religion of Islam in Sarawak" and the Council Negri is empowered to make provisions for regulating Islamic affairs through a Council to advise the Yang di-Pertuan Agong."(page 86)&nbsp;... Rahman also introduced several policy changes aimed at accelerating the central state's Malaysianisation process. First, the strongman-politician introduced a motion in the Council Negri to make Bahasa Malaysia and English as ''negeri''{{'s}} official languages. The motion was unanimously passed on 26 March 1974.(page{{nbsp}}84){{nbsp}}&nbsp;... The strongman-politician postponed the ''negeri'' election because he was not ready to face the wrath of opposition parties, especially PAJAR. Furthermore, SBN was facing an internal conflict over the allocation of ''negeri'' seats, especially after the inclusion of SNAP as the third member of the coalition. So, for the first time, parliamentary and ''negeri'' elections were held separately.(page{{nbsp}}91)}}</ref> Hal ini menjadikan Sarawak satu-satunya negara bagian di Malaysia yang mengadakan pemilihan negara bagian terpisah dari pemilihan-pemilihan parlementer nasional sejak 1979.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Cheng|first1=Lian|title=Why Sarawak is electorally unique|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/04/07/why-sarawak-is-electorally-unique/|accessdate=12 January 2016|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=7 April 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150623190736/http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/04/07/why-sarawak-is-electorally-unique/|archivedate=23 June 2015|quote=For this reason, Sarawak held its state and parliamentary elections separately – and has been adhering to the practice since 1979 whereas all the other states still hold the two elections concurrently (see Table).}}</ref>

Pada 1978, [[Partai Aksi Demokrat]] (PAD) menjadi partai berbasis Malaysia Barat pertama yang membuka cabang-cabangnya di Sarawak.<ref name=DAPJOURNAL /> Partai tersebut mendapatkan mayoritas dukungannya dari pusat-pusat perkotaan sejak [[pemilihan negara bagian Sarawak 2006|pemilihan negara bagian 2006]] dan menjadi partai oposisi terbesar di Sarawak.<ref>{{cite news|title=BN retains Sarawak, Taib sworn in as CM|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2011/04/16/unofficial-results-bn-retains-sarawak/|date=16 April 2011|last=|first=|publisher=[[Free Malaysia Today]]|accessdate=23 June 2014|archive-date=2015-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113155746/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2011/04/16/unofficial-results-bn-retains-sarawak/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Pada 2010, partai tersebut membentuk koalisi [[Pakatan Rakyat]] dengan [[Parti Keadilan Rakyat]] (PKR) dan [[Parti Islam Se-Malaysia]] (PAS); dua partai tersebut telah aktif di Sarawak antara 1996 dan 2001.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2010/4/24/nation/6125445&sec=nation |title=DAP: Sarawak Pakatan formed to promote two-party system |last=Chua |first=Andy |date=24 April 2010 |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)]] |publisher=Star Publications |accessdate=23 June 2014 |archive-date=2010-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100425074915/http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2010%2F4%2F24%2Fnation%2F6125445&sec=nation |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Sarawak adalah satu-satunya negara bagian di Malaysia dimana partai-partai komponen yang berbasis di Semenanjung dalam koalisi BN, khususnya [[United Malays National Organisation|UMNO]], tidak aktif dalam politik Sarawak.<ref>{{cite news |title= Muhyiddin: Umno need not be in Sarawak |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/02/14/Muhyiddin-Umno-need-not-be-in-Sarawak/|date= 14 February 2014 |last= Ling |first= Sharon |publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]] |accessdate=23 June 2014}}</ref>

=== Pembagian administratif ===
Tidak seperti negara-negara bagian lainnya di [[Malaysia Barat]], Sarawak terbagi menjadi dua belas bagian, dan setiap bagian dikepalai oleh seorang residen.<ref name=Governance /><ref name=Divisiondistrict>{{cite web|title=Sarawak population|url=http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/240/175/|website=The Official Portal of the Sarawak Government|accessdate=14 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907190444/http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/240/175/|archivedate=7 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="dv">{{cite web|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/04/12/serian-now-a-division/|title=Serian now a division|author=Samuel Aubrey|publisher=[[The Borneo Post]]|date=12 April 2015|accessdate=15 May 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714214829/http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/04/12/serian-now-a-division/|archivedate=14 July 2015}}</ref>
{{Peta Berlabel Sarawak}}

Bagian-bagian itu sendiri terbagi menjadi daerah-daerah, dan setiap daerah dipimpin oleh seorang pejabat daerah. Daerah-daerah terbagi menjadi subdaerah, masing-masing dikepalai oleh seorang Pejabat Pemerintahan Sarawak (PPS). Secara keseluruhan, terdapat 26 subdaerah di Sarawak, dan semuanya berada di bawah yuridiksi Kementerian Pemerintah Lokal dan Pembangunan Masyarakat Sarawak.<ref>{{cite web|title=Organisation Structure|url=http://www.kktpk.sarawak.gov.my/modules/web/pages.php?mod=webpage&sub=page&id=80&menu_id=0&sub_id=123|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907172156/http://www.kktpk.sarawak.gov.my/modules/web/pages.php?mod=webpage&sub=page&id=80&menu_id=0&sub_id=123|dead-url=yes|archive-date=7 September 2014|website=Official Website of Ministry of Local Government and Community Development|access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref>

Di setiap bagian dan daerah, terdapat seorang pejabat pembangunan untuk melaksanakan proyek-proyek pembangunan. Selain itu, di setiap desa, pemerintah negara bagian memilih seorang ''ketua kampung'' atau ''penghulu''.<ref name=Governance /><ref name=Divisiondistrict /> Daftar bagian, daerah, dan subdaerah di Sarawak dapat dilihat di tabel berikut:<ref name="State Planning Unit stats" />

{| class="wikitable" style="width: 400px"
|-
! Bagian || Daerah || Subdaerah
|-
| rowspan="3" | Kuching
| [[Distrik Kuching|Kuching]] || Padawan
|-
| colspan="2" | Bau
|-
| Lundu || Sematan
|- style="border-top: 3px solid black"
| rowspan="3" | Samarahan
| colspan="2" | Samarahan
|-
| colspan="2" | Asajaya
|-
| [[Distrik Simunjan|Simunjan]] || Sebuyau
|- style="border-top: 3px solid black"
| rowspan="2" | Serian<ref name="dv"/>
| Serian || Siburan
|-
| colspan="2" | Tebedu
|- style="border-top: 3px solid black"
| rowspan="3" | Sri Aman
| rowspan="2" | [[Distrik Sri Aman|Sri Aman]] || Lingga
|-
|Pantu
|-
| [[Distrik Lubok Antu|Lubok Antu]] || Engkilili
|- style="border-top: 3px solid black"
| rowspan="5" | Betong
| rowspan="2" | Betong || Spaoh
|-
|Debak
|-
| Saratok 
| Budu
|-
| Pusa || Maludam
|-
| Kabong
| Roban
|- style="border-top: 3px solid black"
| rowspan="4" |Sarikei
| colspan="2" |Sarikei
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Distrik Meradong|Meradong]]
|-
| colspan="2" |Julau
|-
| colspan="2" |Pakan
|- style="border-top: 3px solid black"
| rowspan="5" | Mukah
| Mukah
|Balingian
|-
| [[Distrik Dalat|Dalat]]
|Oya
|-
|[[Distrik Matu|Matu]]
|Igan
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Distrik Daro|Daro]]
|-
| colspan="2" |Tanjung Manis
|- style="border-top: 3px solid black"
| rowspan="3" | Sibu
| colspan="2" | [[Distrik Sibu|Sibu]]
|-
| colspan="2" | Kanowit
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Distrik Selangau|Selangau]]
|- style="border-top: 3px solid black"
| rowspan="4" | Kapit
| Kapit || Nanga Merit
|-
| colspan="2" | Song
|-
| Belaga || Sungai Asap
|-
| colspan="2" | Bukit Mabong
|- style="border-top: 3px solid black"
| rowspan="3" | Bintulu
| colspan="2" | [[Distrik Bintulu|Bintulu]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Distrik Tatau|Tatau]]
|-
| colspan="2" |Sebauh
|- style="border-top: 3px solid black"
| rowspan="6" | Miri
| [[Distrik Miri|Miri]] || Bario
|-
| Marudi
|Mulu
|-
|Subis
|Niah-Suai
|-
|Beluru
|Tinjar
|-
| rowspan="2" |Telang Usan
|Long Lama
|-
|Long Bedian
|- style="border-top: 3px solid black"
| rowspan="3" | Limbang
| [[Distrik Limbang|Limbang]] || Nanga Medamit
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Distrik Lawas|Lawas]] || Sundar
|-
|Trusan
|}

== Keamanan ==
Pasukan bersenjata paramiliter pertama di Sarawak, sebuah resimen yang dibentuk oleh rezim Brooke pada 1862, dikenal sebagai [[Sarawak Rangers]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Nicholas|first1=Taring|title=Imperialism in Southeast Asia|date=29 August 2003|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-134-57081-2|page=319|url=https://books.google.com.my/books?id=BqGBAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT319|accessdate=23 December 2015|quote=Charles Brooke set up the Sarawak Rangers in 1862 as a paramilitary force for pacifying 'ulu' Dayaks.}}</ref> Resimen tersebut telah membantu pemerintahan Brooke untuk menjinakkan negara bagian tersebut, dan ikut dalam perang gerilya melawan Jepang, dalam [[Masa Darurat Malaya]] dan [[Pemberontakan Komunis Sarawak]] melawan komunis. Resimen tersebut dikenal karena kemampuannya dalam mengarungi hutan. Setelah pembentukan Malaysia, resimen tersebut dimasukkan ke dalam pasukan militer Malaysia dan sekarang dikenal sebagai [[Resimen Ranger Kerajaan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Royal Ranger Regiment (Malaysia)|url=http://discovermilitary.com/world-military/royal-ranger-regiment-malaysia/|website=discovermilitary.com|accessdate=22 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208045818/http://discovermilitary.com/world-military/royal-ranger-regiment-malaysia/|archivedate=8 December 2012}}</ref> Pada 1888, Sarawak, bersama dengan [[Borneo Utara]] tetangganya, dan Brunei, menjadi [[protektorat Inggris]], dimana tugas kebijakan luar negeri ditangani Inggris dalam rangka perlindungan militer.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Charles|first1=de Ledesma|last2=Mark|first2=Lewis|last3=Pauline|first3=Savage|title=Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei|date=2003|publisher=[[Rough Guides]]|isbn=978-1-84353-094-7|page=723|url=https://books.google.com.my/books?id=hS0_GehsGPwC&pg=PA723|accessdate=2 November 2015|quote=In 1888, the three states of Sarawak, Sabah, and Brunei were transformed into protectorates, a status which handed over the responsibility for their foreign policy to the British in exchange for military protection.}}</ref> Setelah pembentukan Malaysia, [[Pemerintah Malaysia|pemerintah federal Malaysia]] secara tunggal bertanggung jawab untuk kebijakan luar negeri dan pasukan militer di negara tersebut.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ninth schedule – Legislative lists|url=http://www.commonlii.org/my/legis/const/1957/24.html|publisher=Commonwealth Legal Information Institute|accessdate=22 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915024439/http://www.commonlii.org/my/legis/const/1957/24.html|archivedate=15 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Chin Huat|first1=Wong|title=Can Sarawak have an army?|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/opinion/2011/09/27/can-sarawak-have-an-army/|accessdate=22 December 2015|publisher=Free Malaysia Today|date=27 September 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222072234/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/opinion/2011/09/27/can-sarawak-have-an-army/|archivedate=22 December 2015}}</ref>

=== Persengketaan wilayah ===
{{Main article|Persengketaan wilayah di Laut Tiongkok Selatan}}
Sarawak telah menghadapi beberapa persengketaan wilayah, yang meliputi dengan negara-negara tetangga Malaysia yakni Brunei dan Indonesia, serta dengan Tiongkok atas [[Kepulauan Laut Tiongkok Selatan|kepemilikan pulau-pulau]] di [[Laut Tiongkok Selatan]].<ref>{{cite book|author=R. Haller-Trost|title=The Brunei-Malaysia Dispute Over Territorial and Maritime Claims in International Law|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZMJYOA6g_dYC&pg=PA20|year=1994|publisher=IBRU|isbn=978-1-897643-07-5|pages=20–}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/06/03/china-coast-guard-vessel-found-at-luconia-shoals/|title=China Coast Guard vessel found at Luconia Shoals|author=Jenifer Laeng|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=3 June 2015|accessdate=3 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/09/27/presence-of-china-coast-guard-ship-at-luconia-shoals-spooks-local-fishermen/|title=Presence of China Coast Guard ship at Luconia Shoals spooks local fishermen|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=27 September 2015|accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> Pada 2009, Perdana Menteri Malaysia [[Abdullah Ahmad Badawi]] mengklaim bahwa Brunei telah menurunkan klaimnya atas [[Distrik Limbang|Limbang]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bt.com.bn/home_news/2009/03/17/brunei_drops_all_claims_to_limbang|title=Brunei drops all claims to Limbang|author=Ubaidillah Masli|publisher=The Brunei Times|date=17 March 2009|accessdate=23 August 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712162447/http://www.bt.com.bn/home_news/2009/03/17/brunei_drops_all_claims_to_limbang |archivedate=12 July 2014|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Namun, pernyataan tersebut dibantah oleh Menteri Luar Negeri Brunei [[Lim Jock Seng]], yang menyatakan bahwa masalah tersebut tak pernah didiskusikan pada pertemuan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bt.com.bn/home_news/2009/03/18/limbang_issue_was_never_discussed_pehin_dato_lim|title=Limbang issue was never discussed: Pehin Dato Lim|author=Ubaidillah Masli|publisher=The Brunei Times|date=18 March 2009|accessdate=23 August 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215192853/http://www.bt.com.bn/home_news/2009/03/18/limbang_issue_was_never_discussed_pehin_dato_lim|archivedate=15 February 2014|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Sarawak mengklaim [[Karang James]] (Beting Serupai) dan [[Karang Luconia]] (Beting Raja Jarum/Patinggi Ali) sebagai bagian dari [[zona ekonomi eksklusif]]-nya (ZEE).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/02/05/loss-of-james-shoal-could-wipe-out-states-eez/|title=Loss of James Shoal could wipe out state's EEZ|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=5 February 2014|accessdate=17 May 2014}}</ref> Sementara itu, terdapat beberapa masalah perbatasan Sarawak{{ndash}}Kalimantan yang diduduki oleh Indonesia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=103802|title=Border disputes differ for Indonesia, M'sia|publisher=[[Daily Express (Malaysia)|Daily Express]]|date=16 October 2015|accessdate=16 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216030658/http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=103802 |archivedate=16 February 2016 |deadurl=yes}}</ref>

== Lingkungan hidup ==

=== Geografi ===
[[Berkas:Borneo 19 May 2002.jpg|jmpl|ka|Sarawak terletak di barat laut Borneo seperti yang terlihat dari citra satelit [[NASA]].]]
Total luas tanah Sarawak sebesar hampir {{convert|124450|km2|sqmi}}, dan membentang dari lintang utara 0° 50′ dan 5° dan bujur timur 109° 36′ dan 115° 40′ E. Sarawak meliputi 37.5 persen dari total wilayah Malaysia.<ref name="stateplanning">{{cite web|title=Geography of Sarawak|url=http://www.spu.sarawak.gov.my/geography.html|website=Official website of state planning unit Chief Minister's Department of Sarawak|accessdate=14 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423011032/http://www.spu.sarawak.gov.my/geography.html|archivedate=23 April 2015}}</ref> Wilayah tersebut terdiri dari kawasan [[hutan hujan tropis]] besar dengan tumbuhan dan spesies hewan yang berlimpah.<ref>{{cite web|title=Borneo plants|url=http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/where_we_work/borneo_forests/about_borneo_forests/borneo_animals/borneo_plants/|publisher=World Wide Fund for Nature|accessdate=2 December 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425204321/http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/where_we_work/borneo_forests/about_borneo_forests/borneo_animals/borneo_plants|archivedate=25 April 2016}}</ref>

Negara bagian memiliki garis pesisir sepanjang {{convert|750|km|mi}}, yang terlewati oleh pesisir Brunei dengan luas sekitar {{convert|150|km|mi}} di bagian utara. Sarawak terpisah dari Borneo Kalimantan dengan rangkaian perbukitan dan pegunungan tingga yang merupakan bagian dari rangkaian gunung tengah Borneo. Rangkaian tersebut membentang sampai ke utara, dan bagian tertingginya berada di dekat Sungai Baram di puncak [[Bukit Batu Lawi|Gunung Batu Lawi]] dan [[Gunung Mulu]]. [[Gunung Murud]] adalah titik tertinggi di Sarawak.<ref name="Welman">{{cite book|author=Frans Welman|title=Borneo Trilogy Sarawak: Volume 2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A-H-O8pxUnMC&pg=PA132|accessdate=28 August 2013|publisher=Booksmango|isbn=978-616-245-089-1|pages=132, 134, 136–138, 177}}</ref> [[Taman Nasional Perbukitan Lambir]] dikenal karena berbagai air terjunnya.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lambir Hills National Park|url=http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/snp-np-lambir.html|publisher=Sarawak Forestry Corporation|accessdate=26 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530045056/http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/snp-np-lambir.html|archivedate=30 May 2015}}</ref> Sebuah ruang bawah tanah terbesar di dunia, [[Ruang Sarawak]], terletak di dalam [[Taman Nasional Gunung Mulu]]. Tempat wisata di taman tersebut meliputi [[Gua Rusa]] (gua terbesar kedua di dunia)<ref>{{cite web|title=Deer Cave and Lang's Cave|url=http://www.mulunationalpark.com/show-caves-deer-langs.php|publisher=Mulu National Park|accessdate=27 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712112352/http://www.mulunationalpark.com/show-caves-deer-langs.php|archivedate=12 July 2015}}</ref> dan [[Gua Air Bersih]] (sistem gua terpanjang di [[Asia Tenggara]]).<ref>{{cite web|title=Clearwater cave and Wind Cave|url=http://www.mulunationalpark.com/show-caves-clearwater-wind.php|publisher=Gunung Mulu National Park|accessdate=27 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712094552/http://www.mulunationalpark.com/show-caves-clearwater-wind.php|archivedate=12 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Gunung Mulu National Park|url=http://www.tourism.gov.my/en/es/places/states-of-malaysia/sarawak/gunung-mulu-national-park|publisher=Malaysia Tourism Promotion Board|accessdate=27 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017082915/http://www.tourism.gov.my/en/es/places/states-of-malaysia/sarawak/gunung-mulu-national-park|archivedate=17 October 2015}}</ref> Taman nasional tersebut juga menjadi [[Situs Warisan Dunia]] [[UNESCO]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Gunung Mulu National Park|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1013|publisher=UNESCO|accessdate=27 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016060027/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1013|archivedate=16 October 2015}}</ref>

Sarawak umumnya terbagi dalam tiga [[kawasan ekologi]]. Kawasan pesisir memiliki ketinggian yang rendah dan datar dengan wilayah-wilayah rawa yang besar dan lingkungan basah lainnya. Pantai-pantai di Sarawak meliputi: pantai Pasir Panjang<ref>{{cite web|title=Pasir Panjang, Kuching|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/pasir-panjang/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=27 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227125143/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/pasir-panjang/|archivedate=27 December 2015}}</ref> dan Damai di Kuching,<ref>{{cite web|title=Damai Beach Resort|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/damai-beach-resort/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=27 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227125311/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/damai-beach-resort/|archivedate=27 December 2015}}</ref> pantai Tanjung Batu di Bintulu,<ref>{{cite web|title=Tanjung Batu Beach, Bintulu|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/tanjung-batu-beach/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=27 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117112532/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/tanjung-batu-beach/|archivedate=17 November 2015}}</ref> dan pantai Tanjung Lobang<ref>{{cite web|title=Brighton Beach/Tanjung Lobang|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/brighton-beach-tanjung-lobang/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=27 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413155555/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/brighton-beach-tanjung-lobang/|archivedate=13 April 2015}}</ref> dan Hawaii di Miri.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hawaii Beach|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/hawaii-beach/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=27 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413162747/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/hawaii-beach/|archivedate=13 April 2015}}</ref> Kawasan dataran tinggi dikenal karena kebanyakan lahan yang ditinggali dan dimana kebanyakan kota ditemukan. [[Pelabuhan]] Kuching dan [[Sibu]] dibangun beberapa jarak dari pesisir sungai. Bintulu dan Miri dekat dengan garis pesisir dimana perbukitan membentang sampai Laut Tiongkok Selatan. Kawasan ketiganya adalah kawasan pegunungan di sepanjang perbatasan Kalimantan{{ndash}}Borneo dan dengan dataran tinggi [[Dataran Tinggi Kelabit|Kelabit]] ([[Bario]]), [[suku Murut|Murut]] ([[Ba'kelalan]]) dan Kenyah ([[Usun Apau Plieran]]) di bagian utara.<ref name="Welman" />

[[Berkas:Rajang delta.jpg|jmpl|kiri|[[Sungai Rajang]] adalah sungai terpanjang di Malaysia]]
Sungai-sungai besar di Sarawak adalah Sungai Sarawak, Sungai Lupar, Sungai Saribas, dan Sungai Rajang. Sungai Sarawak adalah sungai utama yang mengalir melalui Kuching. Sungai Rajang adalah sungai terpanjang di Malaysia, yang memiliki panjang {{convert|563|km}} termasuk [[Sungai Balleh]], anak sungainya. Sampai ke utara, Sungai Baram, Sungai Limbang, dan Sungai Trusan bermuara ke [[Teluk Brunei]].<ref name="Welman" />

Sarawak memiliki [[geografi tropis]] dengan [[iklim hutan hujan tropis|iklim khatulistiwa]]. Hal tersebut menyebabkan dua musim [[muson]]: muson timur laut dan muson barat daya. Muson timur laut terjadi antara November dan Februari, yang menyebabkan hujan deras; museon barat daya menyebabkan hujan berkurang. Iklim tersebut stabil sepanjang tahun kecuali untuk dua muson tersebut. Rata-rata suhu harian beragam dari {{convert|23|C|F}} pada pagi hari sampai {{convert|32|C|F}} pada siang hari, dengan [[Miri]] memiliki rata-rata suhu terencam dibandingkan kota-kota besar lainnya di Sarawak. Miri juga memiliki waktu sinar mata hari yang paling banyak (lebih dari enam jam sehari), sementara wilayah lainnya mendapatkan sinar matahari selama lima sampai enam jam sehari. Kelembapan biasanya tinggi dengan ukuran mencapai 68 persen. Curah hujan tahunan beragam antara {{convert|330|cm|in}} dan {{convert|460|cm|in}}, yang berlangsung selama 220 hari setahun.<ref name="stateplanning" /> Lothosol dan [[Orthent|lithosol]] meliputi 60 persen kandungan tanah, sementara [[podzol|podsol]] meliputi 12 persen kandungan tanah di wilayah Sarawak. [[Alluvium]] ditemukan di wilayah pesisir dan bersungai sementara 12 persen wilayah Sarawak diliputi [[hutan gambut]].<ref name="stateplanning" />

Sarawak terbagi dalam dua kawasan geologi: [[Lempeng Sunda]], yang membentang dari barat daya Sungai Batang Lupar (dekat [[Sri Aman]]) dan membentuk ujung selatan Sarawak, dan kawasan [[geosinklin]], yang membentang dari timur laut sampai Sungai Batang Lupar, membentuk wilayah utara dan tengah Sarawak. Batu tertua di selatan Sarawak adalah [[sekis]], yang terbentuk pada zaman [[Carboniferous]] dan [[Permian|Permian Rendah]]. Sementara [[batuan beku]] termuda di kawasan tersebut adalah [[andesit]], yang ditemukan di [[Sematan]]. Pembentukan geologi wilayah tengah dan utara dimulai pada akhir [[zaman Kapur]]. Beberapa jenis batuan yang dapat ditemukan di tengah dan utara Sarawak adalah [[batuserpih]], [[batu pasir]], dan [[rijang]].<ref name="stateplanning" />

<gallery mode="packed" caption="Lanskap-lanskap Sarawak">
Berkas:Pinnacles at Mulu 2.jpg|Tiang-tiang bebatuan di [[Taman Nasional Gunung Mulu]]
Berkas:Ana Rais (3679478378).jpg|Hutan Sarawak
Berkas:Bako National Park (3678650933).jpg|Bagian dari [[Taman Nasional Bako]]
Berkas:South China Sea, Sarawak (7246670486).jpg|Pemandangan [[Laut Tiongkok Selatan]] dari Sarawak
</gallery>

=== Keragaman hayati ===
{{See also|Pengawahutanan di Borneo}}
Garis pesisir Sarawak diselimuti dengan hutan [[mangrove]] dan [[Nypa fruticans|nipah]]. Hutan tersebut meliputi dua persen dari total wilayah hutan di Sarawak, yang paling umum ditemukan di wilayah [[estuari]]ne Kuching, [[Sarikei]], dan Limbang. Pohon-pohon besar yang ditemukan disana meliputi: bako (''[[Rhizophora]]''), palem nipah (''[[Nypa fruticans]]''), dan nibong (''[[Oncosperma tigillarium]]''). Hutan gambut meliputi 16 persen wilayah hutan yang terkonsentrasi di selatan Miri dan hilir Lembah Baram. Pohon-pohon utama di hutan gambut tersebut meliputi: ramin (''[[Gonystylus bancanus]]''), meranti (spesies ''[[Shorea]]''), dan medang jongkong (''Dactylocladus stenostachys''). [[Hutan Kerangas]] meliputi lima persen dari total wilayah hutan, sementara hutan-hutan [[Dipterocarpaceae]] meliputi wilayah-wilayah pegunungan<ref name="stateplanning" /> Beberapa spesies tumbuhan dipelajari untuk keperluan pengobatannya.<ref>{{cite news|title=Medicinal plants around us|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/08/24/medicinal-plants-around-us/|accessdate=16 November 2015|work=The Malaysian Nature Society|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=24 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140830015043/http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/08/24/medicinal-plants-around-us/|archivedate=30 August 2014}}</ref>

[[Berkas:Lambir-Hills-National-Park-Wooden-Bridge.jpg|jmpl|kiri|Sebuah jalan menuju [[Taman Nasional Perbukitan Lambir]].]]
Hutan hujan Sarawak memiliki salah satu konsentrasi tertinggi dari spesies per area unit di dunia. Negara bagian tersebut memiliki sekitar 185 spesies mamalia, 530 spesies burung, 166 spesies ular, 104 spesies kadal, dan 113 spesies amfibi. Negara bagian tersebut juga meliputi 19 persen mamalia, 6 persen burung, 20 persen ular dan 32 spesies kadal sebagai spesies [[endemisme|endemik]]. Spesies-spesies tersebut kebanyakan ditemukan di Kawasan yang Dilindungi Penuh. Terdapat 2,000 spesies pohon, 1,000 spesies mawar, 757 spesies tumbuhan paku dan 260 spesies palem.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarawak National Park – Biodiversity Conservation|url=http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/snp-bc.html|publisher=Sarawak Forestry Department|accessdate=17 November 2015|archive-date=2015-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128010731/http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/snp-bc.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Negara bagian tersebut juga merupakan habitat hewan-hewan terancam, yang meliputi [[gajah kalimantan]], [[bekantan]], [[orangutan]] dan [[badak]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthpicturegalleries/8296131/Rainforest-is-destroyed-for-palm-oil-plantations-on-Malaysias-island-state-of-Sarawak.html?image=5 |title=Rainforest is destroyed for palm oil plantations on Malaysia's island state of Sarawak (Image 1) |publisher=The Daily Telegraph |accessdate=21 August 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110206085015/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthpicturegalleries/8296131/Rainforest-is-destroyed-for-palm-oil-plantations-on-Malaysias-island-state-of-Sarawak.html?image=5 |archivedate=6 February 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthpicturegalleries/8296131/Rainforest-is-destroyed-for-palm-oil-plantations-on-Malaysias-island-state-of-Sarawak.html?image=6 |title=Rainforest is destroyed for palm oil plantations on Malaysia's island state of Sarawak (Image 2) |publisher=The Daily Telegraph |accessdate=21 August 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110208012219/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthpicturegalleries/8296131/Rainforest-is-destroyed-for-palm-oil-plantations-on-Malaysias-island-state-of-Sarawak.html?image=6 |archivedate=8 February 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthpicturegalleries/8296131/Rainforest-is-destroyed-for-palm-oil-plantations-on-Malaysias-island-state-of-Sarawak.html?image=8 |title=Rainforest is destroyed for palm oil plantations on Malaysia's island state of Sarawak (Image 3) |publisher=The Daily Telegraph |accessdate=21 August 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110207212130/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthpicturegalleries/8296131/Rainforest-is-destroyed-for-palm-oil-plantations-on-Malaysias-island-state-of-Sarawak.html?image=8 |archivedate=7 February 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/05/05/sumatran-orangutans-rainforest-home-faces-new-threat/|title=Sumatran Orangutans' rainforest home faces new threat|work=[[Agence France-Presse]]|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=5 May 2013|accessdate=21 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{IUCN2008|assessor=Meijaard, E.|assessor2=Nijman, V.|assessor3=Supriatna, J.|last-assessor-amp=yes|year=2008|id=14352|title=Nasalis larvatus|downloaded=4 January 2009}}</ref> Pusat Kehidupan Liar Matang, Cagar Alam Semenggoh, dan [[Suaka Margasatwa Lanjak Entimau]]<ref>{{cite web|title=25 success stories|url=http://www.itto.int/direct/topics/topics_pdf_download/topics_id=2796&no=0&disp=inline|publisher=[[International Tropical Timber Organization]] (ITTO)|accessdate=16 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613011444/http://www.itto.int/direct/topics/topics_pdf_download/topics_id%3D2796%26no%3D0%26disp%3Dinline|archivedate=2015-06-13|pages=44–45|dead-url=no}}</ref> dikenal karena program perlindungan orangutan mereka.<ref>{{cite web|title=Semenggoh Nature Reserve|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/semenggoh-nature-reserve/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=16 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508013152/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/semenggoh-nature-reserve/|archivedate=8 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Matang Wildlife Centre|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/matang-wildlife-centre/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=16 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514234944/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/matang-wildlife-centre/|archivedate=14 May 2015}}</ref> Taman Nasional Talang{{ndash}}Satang dikenal karena inisiatif konservasi penyu-nya.<ref>{{cite web|title=Talang-Satang National Park|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/talang-satang-national-park/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=16 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116071641/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/talang-satang-national-park/|archivedate=16 November 2015}}</ref> [[Pengamatan burung]] adalah sebuah aktivitas umum di berbagai taman nasional seperti Taman Nasional Gunung Mulu, Taman Nasional Perbukitan Lambir,<ref>{{cite web|title=Birding in Sarawak|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/birding-in-sarawak/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=16 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516085037/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/birding-in-sarawak/|archivedate=16 May 2015}}</ref> dan [[Taman Nasional Similajau]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Similajau National Park|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/similajau-national-park/|publisher=Sarawak Toursim Board|accessdate=16 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508014847/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/similajau-national-park/|archivedate=8 May 2015}}</ref> Taman Nasional Miri{{ndash}}Sibuti dikenal karena terumbu karangnya<ref>{{cite web|title=Diving in Miri-Sibuti Coral Reefs National Park|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/diving-in-miri-sibuti-coral-reef-national-park/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=16 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504000343/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/diving-in-miri-sibuti-coral-reef-national-park/|archivedate=4 May 2015}}</ref> dan Taman Nasional Gunung Gading dikenal karena bunga-bunga ''[[Rafflesia]]''-nya.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gunung Gading National Park|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/gunung-gading-national-park/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=16 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516085552/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/gunung-gading-national-park/|archivedate=16 May 2015}}</ref> [[Taman Nasional Bako]], taman nasional tertua di Sarawak, dikenal karena 275 spesies bekantan-nya,<ref>{{cite web|title=Bako National Park|url=http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/snp-np-bako.html|publisher=Sarawak Forestry Corporation|accessdate=26 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925040118/http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/snp-np-bako.html|archivedate=25 September 2015}}</ref> dan Taman Pemakan Serangga Padawan dikenal karena berbagai [[tumbuhan pemakan serangga]] karnivora-nya.<ref>{{cite web|title=Padawan Pitcher Plant & Wild Orchid Centre|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/padawan-pitcher-plant-wild-orchid-garden/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=16 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150409045310/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/padawan-pitcher-plant-wild-orchid-garden/|archivedate=9 April 2015}}</ref> Pada 1854, [[Alfred Russel Wallace]] mengunjungi Sarawak. Setahun kemudian, ia merumuskan "Hukum Sarawak" yang membentuk dasar teori [[seleksi alam]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rogers|first1=Alan|title=Wallace and the Sarawak Law|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/07/14/wallace-and-the-sarawak-law/|accessdate=15 November 2016|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=14 July 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115022532/http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/07/14/wallace-and-the-sarawak-law/|archivedate=15 November 2016}}</ref>

Pemerintah negara bagian Sarawak telah mengeluarkan beberapa hukum untuk melindungi hutan dan spesies liar terancam, yang merliputi Undang-Undang Kehutanan 1958,<ref>{{cite book|title=Forests Ordinance Chapter 126|edition=1958|date=31 July 1998|publisher=Sarawak Forestry Corporation|location=Kuching, Sarawak|url=http://www.sarawakforestry.com/pdf/laws/forests_ordinance_chapter_126.pdf|accessdate=16 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116024436/http://www.sarawakforestry.com/pdf/laws/forests_ordinance_chapter_126.pdf|archivedate=16 November 2015}}</ref> Undang-Undang Perlindungan Kehidupan Liar 1998,<ref>{{cite book|title=Wild Life Protection Ordinance, 1998 – Chapter 26|date=1998|publisher=Sarawak Forestry Corporation|location=Kuching, Sarawak|url=http://www.sarawakforestry.com/pdf/laws/wildlife_protection_ordinance98_chap26.pdf|accessdate=16 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116024720/http://www.sarawakforestry.com/pdf/laws/wildlife_protection_ordinance98_chap26.pdf|archivedate=16 November 2015}}</ref> dan Undang-Undang Suaka Margasatwa dan Cagar Alam Sarawak.<ref>{{cite web|title=Malaysia:Sarawak Natural Parks and Nature Reserve Ordinance|url=http://www.globinmed.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=104012:sarawak-natural-parks-and-nature-reserves-ordinance-1998-new&catid=259|publisher=GlobinMed|accessdate=16 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116024950/http://www.globinmed.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=104012:sarawak-natural-parks-and-nature-reserves-ordinance-1998-new&catid=259|archivedate=16 November 2015}}</ref> Beberapa spesies yang dilindingi adalah [[orangutan]], [[penyu hijau]], [[kubung Sunda|kubung]], dan ''[[Bycanistes fistulator]]''. Di bawah Undang-Undang Perlindungan Kehidupan Liar 1998, penduduk asli Sarawak diberi ujun untuk berburu hewan-hewan liar di hutan namun tidak boleh memiliki daging seberat lebih dari {{convert|5|kg}}.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lian|first1=Cheng|title=Protected wildlife on the menu|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/03/31/protected-wildlife-on-the-menu/|accessdate=16 November 2015|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=31 March 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130401105507/http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/03/31/protected-wildlife-on-the-menu/|archivedate=1 April 2013|quote=Hunting wild animals for food is a culture of Sarawak natives. Though most of them have adapted to modern ways, there are some groups such as the Penans still relying on wild animals as the main source of protein.  As such, it is permissible for them to possess the meat of animals listed under the "restricted" category. These are wildlife which are protected but breeding in large number such as the wild boars. However, the meat to be taken should not exceed five kgs [sic] under the Wild Life Protection Ordinance 1998 (Amendment 2003).}}</ref> Departemen Kehutanan Sarawak didirikan pada 1919 untuk melindungi sumber daya hutan di negara bagian tersebut.<ref>{{cite web|title=History|url=http://www.forestry.sarawak.gov.my/modules/web/pages.php?mod=webpage&sub=page&id=75&menu_id=0&sub_id=115|publisher=Official website of Forest Department Sarawak|accessdate=16 November 2015|quote=Mr. J.P. Mead became the first Conservator of Forests, Sarawak Forest Department, in 1919. The objectives of the Department were to manage and conserve the State's forest resources.|archive-date=2016-11-19|archive-url=https://archive.today/20161119121104/http://www.forestry.sarawak.gov.my/modules/web/pages.php?mod=webpage&sub=page&id=75&menu_id=0&sub_id=115|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Setelah kritikan internasional terhadap industri penebangan di Sarawak, pemerintah negara bagian memutuskan untuk meniadakan Departemen Kehutanan Sarawak dan membentuk Perusahaan Kehutanan Sarawak pada 1995.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Barney|first1=Chan|title=6. INSTITUTIONAL RESTRUCTURING IN SARAWAK, MALAYSIA|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/ai412e/AI412E10.htm|publisher=[[Organisasi Pangan dan Pertanian Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]]|accessdate=16 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120719063139/http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/ai412e/AI412E10.htm|archivedate=19 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sarawak Forestry Corporation – About Us – FAQ|url=http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/aboutus-faq.html|publisher=Sarawak Forestry Corporation|accessdate=16 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512164659/http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/aboutus-faq.html|archivedate=12 May 2015 }}</ref> Pusat Keragaman Hayati Sarawak dibentuk pada 1997 untuk konservasi, perlindungan dan pengembangan keragaman hayati di negara bagian tersebut.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Sarawak Biodiversity Centre – Profile|url=http://www.sbc.org.my/about-sbc|publisher=Sarawak Biodiversity Centre|accessdate=16 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206075233/http://www.sbc.org.my/about-sbc|archivedate=6 December 2014 }}</ref>

==== Masalah konservasi ====
[[Berkas:Sarawak, Cultural Village 11.jpg|jmpl|Sebuah kamp penebangan di sepanjang [[Sungai Rajang]]]]
Persentase hutan saat ini yang menyelimuti Sarawak telah menjadi kontroversial. Ketua menteri [[Abdul Taib Mahmud]] mengklaim bahwa negara bagian tersebut meliputi 70 persen hutan pada 2011 dan 48 persen pada 2012.<ref name="Taibawangforests">{{cite news|last1=Joseph|first1=Tawie|title='What's really left of our forest, Taib?'|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2012/10/25/whats-really-left-of-our-forest-taib/|accessdate=16 November 2015|publisher=Free Malaysia Today|date=25 October 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102121203/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2012/10/25/whats-really-left-of-our-forest-taib/|archivedate=2 November 2012}}</ref> Namun, pada 2012 menteri kabinetnya mengklaim bahwa hutannya meliputi 80 persen.<ref name="Taibawangforests" /> Pemerintah Sarawak juga berencana untuk memulihkan 60 persen hutan pada tahun-tahun mendatang.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lim|first1=How Pim|title=Sarawak to maintain its 60 pct forest cover — Awang Tengah|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/02/28/sarawak-to-maintain-its-60-pct-forest-cover-awang-tengah/|accessdate=16 November 2015|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=28 February 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116100011/http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/02/28/sarawak-to-maintain-its-60-pct-forest-cover-awang-tengah/|archivedate=16 November 2015}}</ref> Departemen Kehutanan Sarawak menyatakan bahwa hutannya meliputi 80 persen pada 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title=Types and Categories of Sarawak's Forests|url=http://www.forestry.sarawak.gov.my/modules/web/pages.php?mod=webpage&sub=page&id=593&menu_id=0&sub_id=160|publisher=Sarawak Forest Department|accessdate=16 November 2015|archive-date=2016-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122014750/http://www.forestry.sarawak.gov.my/modules/web/pages.php?mod=webpage&sub=page&id=593&menu_id=0&sub_id=160|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sebaliknya, media asing menyatakan bahwa Srawak telah kehilangan 90 persen hutannya<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rhett|first1=A. Butler|title=Google Earth reveals stark contrast between Sarawak's damaged forests and those in neighboring Borneo states|url=http://news.mongabay.com/2011/03/google-earth-reveals-stark-contrast-between-sarawaks-damaged-forests-and-those-in-neighboring-borneo-states/|accessdate=16 November 2015|publisher=[[Mongabay]]|date=28 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Deforestation in Sarawak – Log tale|url=http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21565622-new-investigation-accuses-hsbc-ignoring-its-own-sustainability-policies-log|accessdate=16 November 2015|publisher=The Economist|date=3 November 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151013212241/http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21565622-new-investigation-accuses-hsbc-ignoring-its-own-sustainability-policies-log|archivedate=13 October 2015}}</ref> dengan hanya 3 persen sampai 5 persen yang masih ada.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Jerome|first1=Chove|last2=Jane|first2=E Bryan|last3=Philip|first3=L Shearman|last4=Gregory|first4=P Asner|last5=David|first5=E Knapp|last6=Geraldine|first6=Aoro|last7=Barbara|first7=Lokes|title=Extreme Differences in Forest Degradation in Borneo: Comparing Practices in Sarawak, Sabah, and Brunei|journal=[[Plos One]]|date=17 July 2013|volume=8|issue=7|pages=e69679|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0069679|pmc=3714267}}</ref> Menurut [[Wetlands International]], 10 persen dari seluruh hutan Sarawak dan 33 persen hutan gambut digunduli antara 2005 dan 2010, yang 3.5 kali lebih tinggi ketimbang total tingkat pengawahutanan di Asia dan 11.7 kali lebih dari pengawahutanan gambut di Asia.<ref>{{cite web|title=New figures: palm oil destroys Malaysia's peatswamp forests faster than ever|url=http://www.wetlands.org/News/Pressreleases/tabid/60/ID/2583/New-figures-palm-oil-destroys-Malaysias-peatswamp-forests-faster-than-ever.aspx|publisher=[[Wetlands International]]|accessdate=17 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627052602/http://www.wetlands.org/News/Pressreleases/tabid/60/ID/2583/New-figures-palm-oil-destroys-Malaysias-peatswamp-forests-faster-than-ever.aspx|archivedate=27 June 2015 |date=1 February 2011|quote=Between 2005–2010 almost 353,000 hectare of the one million hectare peat swamp forests were opened up at high speed; largely for palm oil production. In just 5 years time, almost 10% of all Sarawak's forests and 33% of the peat swamp forests have been cleared. Of this, 65% was for conversion to palm oil production.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Malaysia destroying its forests three times faster than all Asia combined|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/earthnews/8295896/Malaysia-destroying-its-forests-three-times-faster-than-all-Asia-combined.html|accessdate=17 November 2015|publisher=The Daily Telegraph|date=1 February 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117083103/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/earthnews/8295896/Malaysia-destroying-its-forests-three-times-faster-than-all-Asia-combined.html|archivedate=17 November 2015|quote="Total deforestation in Sarawak is 3.5 times as much as that for entire Asia, while deforestation of peat swamp forest is 11.7 times as much," the report said.}}</ref>

Hutan-hutan hujan Sarawak secara bertahap berkurang karena industri [[penebangan]] dan penanaman kelapa sawit.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Tom|first1=Young|title=Malaysian palm oil destroying forests, report warns|url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/feb/02/malaysian-palm-oil-forests|accessdate=28 July 2015|publisher=The Guardian|date=2 February 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529234141/http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/feb/02/malaysian-palm-oil-forests|archivedate=29 May 2014}}</ref> Masalah hak asasi manusia [[Penan]] dan pengawahutanan di Sarawak menjadi masalah lingkungan hidup internasional saat aktivis Swiss [[Bruno Manser]] masuk Sarawak dari 1984 sampai 2000.<ref>{{cite news |title=Without a Trace|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,172580,00.html|date=3 September 2001 |last= Elegant |first= Simon |publisher=[[Time (majalah)|Time magazine Asia]]|accessdate=14 August 2014|subscription=yes}}</ref> Pengawahutanan berdampak pada kehidupan suku-suku pribumi, khususnya Penan, yang hidupnya sangat bergantung pada produksi hutan. Hal tersebut menyebabkan beberapa blokade oleh suku-suku asli, pada 1980-an dan 1990-an melawan perusahaan-perusahaan penebangan yang merampas tanah mereka.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarawak and the Penan|url=http://bmf.ch/en/about-us/sarawak-and-the-penan/|accessdate=17 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708203915/http://www.bmf.ch/en/about-us/sarawak-and-the-penan/|archivedate=8 July 2015}}</ref> Terdapat juga kasus dimana lahan-lahan yang dimiliki penduduk asli diberikan kepada perusahaan penanaman dan kayu tanpa ijin penduduk lokal.<ref>{{cite web|title=Native Customary Rights in Sarawak|url=http://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/malaysia/native-customary-rights-sarawak|publisher=[[Cultural Survival]]|accessdate=17 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005075934/http://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/malaysia/native-customary-rights-sarawak|archivedate=5 October 2015}}</ref> Penduduk pribumi menuntut penindakan hukum untuk pengembalian hak atas lahan mereka. Pada 2001, Pengadilan Tinggi Sarawak secara penuh penindakan lahan penduduk asli yang diklaim oleh orang Rumah Nor, namun hanya sebagian pada 2005. Namun, kasus tersebut dipandang sebagai preseden, yang menyebabkan kebanyakan hak atas lahan penduduk asli dipegang oleh pengadilan tinggi pada tahun-tahun berikutnya.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rumah Nor: A Land Rights Case for Malaysia|url=http://borneoproject.org/our-work/rumah-nor-a-land-rights-case-for-malaysia|publisher=The Borneo Project|accessdate=17 November 2015|archive-date=2016-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208085935/http://borneoproject.org/our-work/rumah-nor-a-land-rights-case-for-malaysia|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Jessica|first1=Lawrence|title=Earth Island News – Borneo Project – Indigenous victory overturned|url=http://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/eij/article/borneo_project2/|publisher=[[Earth Island Institute]]|accessdate=17 November 2015}}</ref> Kebijakan mega-bendungan Sarawak seperti proyek [[Bendungan Bakun]] dan [[Bendungan Murum]] telah merampas ribuan hektar hutan dan meminggirkan ribuan penduduk asli.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Rhett|first1=Butler|title=Power, profit, and pollution: dams and the uncertain future of Sarawak|url=http://news.mongabay.com/2009/09/power-profit-and-pollution-dams-and-the-uncertain-future-of-sarawak/|publisher=Mongabay|accessdate=17 November 2015|quote=One dam has already displaced 10,000 native people and will flood an area the size of Singapore.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Bakun Dam|url=https://www.internationalrivers.org/campaigns/bakun-dam|publisher=[[International Rivers]]|accessdate=17 November 2015}}</ref> Sejak 2013, proyek [[Bendungan Baram]] yang direncanakan ditunda karena protes-protes dari suku-suku pribumi lokal.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarawak, Malaysia|url=https://www.internationalrivers.org/campaigns/sarawak-malaysia|publisher=[[International Rivers]]|accessdate=17 November 2015|quote=Work on access roads to the dam site began but came to a halt in October 2013 when local communities launched two blockades to stop construction and other project preparations from proceeding.}}</ref> Sejak 2014, pemerintah Sarawak di bawah ketua menteri baru [[Adenan Satem]] mulai menindak penebangan ilegal di negara bagian tersebut dan meragamkan ekonomi negara bagian tersebut.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Vanitha|first1=Nadaraj|title=Battle Against Illegal Logging in Sarawak Begins|url=http://www.establishmentpost.com/battle-illegal-logging-sarawak-begins/|accessdate=18 November 2015|publisher=The Establishment Post|date=21 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921054212/http://www.establishmentpost.com/battle-illegal-logging-sarawak-begins/|archivedate=21 September 2015}}</ref> Pada 2016, lebih dari 2 juta hektar hutan, yang sebagian besar adalah tempat tinggal orangutan, dideklarasikan menjadi kawasan yang dilindungi.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.mongabay.com/2016/08/sarawak-announces-department-of-national-parks-and-wildlife-to-open-next-year/ |title=Sarawak establishes 2.2M acres of protected areas, may add 1.1M more |author=Mike Gaworecki |newspaper=Mongabay |date=19 August 2016 |accessdate=22 August 2016}}</ref>

== Ekonomi ==
{{Pie chart
| caption=Pembagian PDB Sarawak menurut Sektor (2015)<ref name="Sarawakeconomy">{{cite web|url=http://www.marc.com.my/index.php/economic-research/country-reports/country-reports-2015/757-the-state-of-sarawak-18-august-2015/file|title= The State of Sarawak |accessdate=12 November 2015|publisher=Malaysia Rating Corporation Berhad|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118060310/http://www.marc.com.my/index.php/economic-research/country-reports/country-reports-2015/757-the-state-of-sarawak-18-august-2015/file|archivedate=18 November 2015}}</ref>
| label1 = Jasa
| value1 = 38.9
| color1 = #000080
| label2 = Pabrik
| value2 = 27.4
| color2 = #008000
| label3 = Pertambangan & Galian
| value3 = 19.5
| color3 = #008080
| label4 = Pertanian
| value4 = 9.9
| color4 = #800080
| label5 = Pembangunan
| value5 = 5.8
| color5 = #808000
| label6 = Barang-Barang Impor
| value6 = 1.3
| color6 = #8B0000
}}
[[Berkas:Bintulu LNG port.jpg|jmpl|kiri|Sebuah pelabuhan [[gas alam cair]] di Bintulu, Sarawak]]
Sarawak memiliki sumber daya alam yang beragam. Sektor-sektor primer seperti pertambangan, pertanian dan kehutanan meliputi 32.8 persen ekonomi negara bagian tersebut pada 2013.<ref name="Sarawakeconomy" /> Kontributor-kontributor utama dalam industri pabrik adalah makanan dan minuman, produk-produk [[rotan]] dan berbasis kayu, produk-produk metal dasar, dan produk-produk [[petrokimia]].<ref name="State Planning Unit stats" /> Selain itu, sektor jasa meliputi jasa transportasi kargo, transportasi udara, dan pariwisata.<ref name="Sarawakeconomy" /> Dari 2000 sampai 2009, Sarawak memiliki tingkat pertumbuhan [[Produk Domestik Bruto]] (PDB) sebesar 5.0 persen.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Chang|first1=Ngee Hui|title=High Growth SMEs and Regional Development – The Sarawak Perspective|url=http://www.epu.gov.my/documents/10124/a3d2dc14-3e31-44e5-8f37-37cd3b268900|publisher=State Planning Unit, Sarawak Chief MInister Department|accessdate=21 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121023827/http://www.epu.gov.my/documents/10124/a3d2dc14-3e31-44e5-8f37-37cd3b268900|archivedate=21 November 2015|date=2009}}</ref> Pertumbuhan PDB tahunan bertumbuh dari 2006 sampai 2013, dari −2.0 persen (2009) menjadi 7.0 persen (2010) dengan [[simpangan baku]] sebesar 3.3 persen. Sarawak berkontribusi 10.1 persen PDB Malaysia selama sembilan tahun sampai 2013, menjadikannya kontributor terbesar ketiga setelah [[Selangor]] (22.2 persen) dan [[Kuala Lumpur]] (13.9 persen) <ref name="Sarawakeconomy" /> PDB Sarawak bertumbuh dari [[Ringgit Malaysia|RM]]{{nbsp}}527 juta (US$171.3 juta) pada 1963 menjadi RM{{nbsp}}58 miliar (US$17.4 miliar) pada 2013,<ref>{{cite web|title=Zoom on historical exchange rate graph (MYR to USD)|url=http://fxtop.com/en/historical-exchange-rates-graph-zoom.php?C1=MYR&C2=USD&A=1&DD1=15&MM1=06&YYYY1=1967&DD2=15&MM2=06&YYYY2=2016&LARGE=2&LANG=en&VAR=0&MM1M=0&MM3M=0&MM1Y=0|publisher=fxtop.com|accessdate=26 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326001521/http://fxtop.com/en/historical-exchange-rates-graph-zoom.php?C1=MYR&C2=USD&A=1&DD1=15&MM1=06&YYYY1=1967&DD2=15&MM2=06&YYYY2=2016&LARGE=2&LANG=en&VAR=0&MM1M=0&MM3M=0&MM1Y=0|archivedate=26 March 2016}}</ref> meningkat 110 kali lipat. Pada saat yang sama, PDB per kapita loncat dari RM 688 (US$223.6) menjadi RM 46,000 (US$13,800), menggelembung 60 kali lipat.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Adrian|first1=Lim|title=Sarawak achieves strong economic growth|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/02/28/sarawak-achieves-strong-economic-growth/|accessdate=18 November 2015|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=28 February 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707164923/http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/02/28/sarawak-achieves-strong-economic-growth/|archivedate=7 July 2015}}</ref> Sarawak memiliki [[pendapatan per kapita|PDB per kapita]] tertinggi ketiga [RM 44,437 (US$1331.1)] di Malaysia; setelah Kuala Lumpur dan Labuan.<ref>{{cite news|title=Selangor leads GDP contribution to national economy|url=http://www.themalaymailonline.com/money/article/selangor-leads-gdp-contribution-to-national-economy|accessdate=18 November 2015|publisher=[[Malay Mail]]|date=30 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031115138/http://www.themalaymailonline.com/money/article/selangor-leads-gdp-contribution-to-national-economy|archivedate=31 October 2015}}</ref> Pemerintah negara bagian Sarawak dapat menjalankan surplus fiskal selama tujuh tahun sampai 2013, didukung oleh industri minyak dan gas yang meliputi 34.8 persen dari pendapatan negara bagian tersebut. Sarawak juga meraih RM 9.6 miliar (US$2.88 miliar) dari investasi asing dimana 90 persen investasi tersebut datang dari [[Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy]] (SCORE). SCORE adalah [[koridor ekonomi]] terbesar kedua di Malaysia.<ref name="Sarawakeconomy" />

Sangat berorientasi ekspor, ekonomi Sarawak dapat menjangkau harga-harga komoditas global. Total ekspor sesuai dengan persentasi PDB adalah lebih dari 100 persen pada 2013 sementara total perdagangannya mencapai 130 persen. Ekspor [[gas alam cair]] meliputi lebih dari setengah total ekspor negara bagian tersebut sementara ekspor minyak bumi meliputi 20.8 persen. Sementara itu, minyak sawit dan [[kayu]] meliputi 9.0 persen total ekspor.<ref name="Sarawakeconomy" /> Sarawak sekarang meraih 5 persen [[pembayaran royalti|royalti]] minyak (persentase produksi minyak dibayar oleh perusahaan pertambangan kepada pemilik [[lease]]) dari [[Petronas]] atas eksploitasi minyak di wilayah perairan Sarawak.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Desmond|first1=Davidson|title=Adenan pledges to keep fighting for 20% oil royalty|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/adenan-pledges-to-keep-fighting-for-20-oil-royalty|accessdate=19 November 2015|publisher=The Malaysian Insider|date=6 August 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812052453/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/adenan-pledges-to-keep-fighting-for-20-oil-royalty|archivedate=12 August 2015|quote=Sarawak Chief Minister Tan Sri Adenan Satem today admitted the oil and gas royalty negotiations – for a hike of 15% from 5% to 20% – with Petronas and Putrajaya have ended in deadlock, but has vowed to fight for it "as long as I'm alive".}}</ref> Kebanyakan deposit minyak dan gas berada di lepas pesisir sebelah Bintulu dan Miri di cekungan [[Balingian]], cekungan Baram, dan sekitaran karang Luconia.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Rasoul|first1=Sorkhabi|title=Borneo's Petroleum Plays|date=2012|volume=9|issue=4|url=http://www.geoexpro.com/articles/2012/12/borneo-s-petroleum-plays|accessdate=20 November 2015|publisher=GEO Ex Pro|quote=A simplified map showing the distribution of major sedimentary basins onshore and offshore Borneo.|archive-date=2015-11-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121030834/http://www.geoexpro.com/articles/2012/12/borneo-s-petroleum-plays|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sarawak juga merupakan salah satu eksportor [[produksi kayu kulit keras|kayu kulit keras]] tropis, yang meliputi 65 persen dari total ekspor kayu Malaysia pada 2000. Statistik [[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] (PBB) terakhir pada 2001 memperkirakan ekspor kayu Sarawak rata-rata sebesar {{convert|14,109,000|m3}} per tahun antara 1996 dan 2000.<ref>{{cite web|title=An overview of forest products statistics in South and Southeast Asia – National forest products statistics, Malaysia|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/AC778E/AC778E13.htm|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations]] (FAO)|accessdate=18 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724070615/http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/AC778E/AC778E13.htm|archivedate=24 July 2015|quote=In 2000, of the country's total sawlog production of 23 million m3, Peninsular Malaysia contributed 22 percent, Sabah 16 percent, and Sarawak 62 percent. Sawlog production figures for 1996–2000 are shown in Table 2.}}</ref> [[Oversea-Chinese Banking Corporation]] (OCBC Bank) adalah bank asing pertama yang membuka cabang-cabangnya di Sarawak pada 1955. Selain bank-bank domestik, 18 bank Eropa, 10 bank Timur Tengah, 11 bank Asia dan lima bank Amerika Utara memiliki cabang-cabang lokalnya di Sarawak.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sharon|first1=Kong|title=Foreign banks in Sarawak|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/09/01/foreign-banks-in-sarawak/|accessdate=21 November 2015|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=1 September 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130912015846/http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/09/01/foreign-banks-in-sarawak/|archivedate=12 September 2013}}</ref> Terdapat juga beberapa perusahaan yang berbasis di Sarawak yang terlibat dalam berbagai sektor ekonomi seperti [[Cahya Mata Sarawak Berhad]] (CMSB), Naim Holdings, [[Rimbunan Hijau]], Ta Ann Holdings, Shin Yang, Samling, WTK (Wong Tuong Kwang) Holdings dan KTS (启德行) Group.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sarawak shakers|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/Story/?file=/2010/3/27/business/5917875|accessdate=21 November 2015|publisher=The Star (Malaysia)|date=27 March 2010|archive-date=2015-11-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121035518/http://www.thestar.com.my/Story/?file=%2F2010%2F3%2F27%2Fbusiness%2F5917875|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

[[Indeks harga konsumen]] (IHK) Sarawak sangat terkorelasi dengan IHK Malaysia, dengan rata-rata inflasi antara 2.5 dan 3.0 persen dari 2009 sampai 2013 dengan tertinggi pada 2008 (10.0 persen) dan terendah pada2009 (−4.0 persen).<ref name="Sarawakeconomy" /> Ketidakseimbangan pendapatan di Sarawak tidak menunjukkan perubahan signifikan dari 1980 sampai 2009, dengan [[koefisien Gini]] meningkat antara 0.4 dan 0.5.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Looi|first1=Kah Yee|title=A study the relationship between economic growth and poverty in Malaysia: 1970–2002 (Chapter 5)|date=2004|publisher=Universiti Malaya (Master Thesis)|page=86|url=http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/378/6/CHAP5.pdf|accessdate=21 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110142635/http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/378/6/CHAP5.pdf|archivedate=2017-01-10|chapter=Chapter 5 – Income Inequality effects on growth-poverty relationship|dead-url=unfit}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Midin|first1=Salad|last2=Yu|first2=Ji|title=Addressing the poor-rich gap|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/Story/?file=%2F2011%2F11%2F23%2Fsarawak%2F9957525|accessdate=21 November 2015|publisher=The Star (Malaysia)|date=23 November 2011|quote=PKR's Batu Lintang assemblyman See Chee How told the house a week ago that, in 2009, Sarawak recorded 0.448 on the index. A decade before that, Sarawak had better results at 0.407.|archive-date=2015-11-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121030126/http://www.thestar.com.my/Story/?file=%2F2011%2F11%2F23%2Fsarawak%2F9957525|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sarawak mengalami penurunan tingkat [[kemiskinan]] dari 56.5 persen (1975) menjadi kurang dari 1 persen (2015).<ref name="Poverty 2014">{{cite news|title=Poverty in Sarawak now below 1%|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/Metro/Community/2015/08/27/Poverty-in-Sarawak-now-below-1/|accessdate=23 November 2015|publisher=The Star (Malaysia)|date=27 August 2015}}</ref> Tingkat pengangguran juga menurun dari 4.6 persen (2010)<ref>{{cite news|title=Sarawak unemployment at 4.6 pct in 2010|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/03/16/sarawak-unemployment-at-4-6-pct-in-2010-new/|accessdate=23 November 2015|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=16 March 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027161213/http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/03/16/sarawak-unemployment-at-4-6-pct-in-2010-new/|archivedate=27 October 2014}}</ref> menjadi 3.1 persen (2014).<ref name="Poverty 2014" />

=== Energi ===
[[Berkas:Bakun Dam Power House.jpg|jmpl|[[Turbin]]-turbin di dalam tempat pembangkit listrik Bendungan Bakun. Bendungan tersebut adalah sumber utama [[energi listrik]] di Sarawak.]]
[[Sarawak Energy]] Berhad (SEB) bertanggung jawab untuk penggenerasian, pentransmisian, dan pendistribusian aliran listrik di seluruh Sarawak.<ref name="Sarawak Energy Portfolio">{{cite web|title=Generation Portfolio|url=http://www.sarawakenergy.com.my/index.php/about-us/what-we-do/generation-portfolio|publisher=[[Sarawak Energy]]|accessdate=23 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131124061528/http://www.sarawakenergy.com.my/index.php/about-us/what-we-do/generation-portfolio|archivedate=24 November 2013}}</ref> Terdapat tiga bendungan operasional di Sarawak {{As of|2015|lc=y}}: [[Bendungan Batang Ai]],<ref name="Sarawaak HEP Plan">{{cite web|title=Hydroelectric Power Dams in Sarawak|url=http://www.siwrs.com.my/modules/iwrm/page.php?id=8|publisher=Sarawak Integrated Water Resources – Management Master Plan|accessdate=23 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123014245/http://www.siwrs.com.my/modules/iwrm/page.php?id=8|archivedate=23 November 2015}}</ref> Bendungan Bakun,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Jack|first1=Wong|title=Bakun at 50% capacity producing 900MW|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/Business/Business-News/2014/07/22/Bakun-at-50-capacity-Sarawak-dam-producing-an-average-of-900MW-By-Jack-Wong-starbizthestarcommy/?style=biz|accessdate=23 November 2015|publisher=The Star (Malaysia)|date=22 July 2014}}</ref> dan Bendungan Murum<ref>{{cite news|last1=Christopher|first1=Lindom|title=Making HEPs in Sarawak safe|url=http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/47149/Making-HEPs-in-Sarawak-safe/|accessdate=23 November 2015|publisher=New Sarawak Tribune|date=11 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123014941/http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/47149/Making-HEPs-in-Sarawak-safe/|archivedate=23 November 2015|quote=...&nbsp;Murum HEP had officially started commercial operation on 8 June 2015,"...&nbsp;}}</ref> dengan beberapa lainnya yang masih dipelajari dan direncanakan.<ref name="Sarawaak HEP Plan" /> Sarawak juga mengirim energi listriknya dari penanaman energi batubara dan [[pembangkit listrik tenaga uap]] menggunakan gas alam cair.<ref name="Sarawak Energy Portfolio" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Core Business Activities|url=http://www.sarawakenergy.com.my/index.php/about-us/core-business-activities|publisher=[[Sarawak Energy]]|accessdate=23 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710003252/http://www.sarawakenergy.com.my/index.php/about-us/core-business-activities|archivedate=10 July 2015}}</ref> Total kapasitas arus listrik di negara bagian tersebut akan mencapai 7,000{{nbsp}}MW pada 2025.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Wong|first1=Jack|title=Sarawak Energy needs to raise generating capacity to 7,000 MW|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/Business/Business-News/2014/05/12/SEB-needs-to-raise-generating-capacity-to-7000-MW/?style=biz|accessdate=23 November 2015|publisher=The Star (Malaysia)|date=12 May 2014}}</ref> Di samping menyediakan listrik kepada negara bagian tersebut, Sarawak Energy juga mengekspor listrik ke wilayah tetangganya, [[Kalimantan Barat]], Indonesia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://asia.nikkei.com/Politics-Economy/Economy/Malaysia-exports-electricity-to-Indonesia|title=Malaysia exports electricity to Indonesia|author=CK Tan|publisher=[[Nikkei Asian Review]]|date=12 May 2016|accessdate=15 May 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160515075142/http://asia.nikkei.com/Politics-Economy/Economy/Malaysia-exports-electricity-to-Indonesia |archivedate=15 May 2016|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Sumber-sumber energi alternatif seperti [[biomassa]], [[energi pasang surut|pasang surut]], surya, angin, dan bendungan [[Mikro hidro]] juga dieksplor untuk potensi mereka dalam memberikan kekuatan listrik.<ref>{{cite web|title=Research and Development – Introduction To Renewable Energy|url=http://www.sarawakenergy.com.my/index.php/r-d|publisher=[[Sarawak Energy]]|accessdate=23 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709233834/http://www.sarawakenergy.com.my/index.php/r-d|archivedate=9 July 2015}}</ref>

Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy (SCORE) didirikan pada 2008 dan direncanakan untuk pengembangan lebih lanjut sampai 2030 untuk mengekspolitasi sumber-sumber energi beragam di negara bagian tersebut (Bendungan Murum, [[Bendungan Baram]], Bendungan Baleh, dan penanaman energi berbasis batubara)<ref>{{cite web|title=Development Strategy|url=http://www.recoda.com.my/invest-in-score/development-strategy/|publisher=Regional Corridor Development Authority|accessdate=22 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117185928/http://www.recoda.com.my/invest-in-score/development-strategy/|archivedate=17 November 2015}}</ref> dan untuk mengembangkan 10{{nbsp}}industri berprioritas tinggi<ref>{{cite web|title=What is SCORE?|url=http://www.recoda.com.my/invest-in-score/what-is-score/|publisher=Regional Corridor Development Authority|accessdate=22 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117015931/http://www.recoda.com.my/invest-in-score/what-is-score/|archivedate=17 November 2015}}</ref> seperti aluminium, kaca, baja, minyak, perikanan, ternak, kayu, dan pariwisata.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy – Register your interest|url=http://www.recoda.com.my/priority-sectors/register-your-interest/|publisher=Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy|accessdate=26 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627141532/http://www.recoda.com.my/priority-sectors/register-your-interest/|archivedate=27 June 2014 }}</ref> Regional Corridor Development Authority (RECODA) adalah badan pemerintah yang bertanggung jawab untuk mengawasi SCORE.<ref>{{cite web|title=What is RECODA|url=http://www.recoda.com.my/about-recoda/what-is-recoda/|publisher=Regional Corridor Development Authority|accessdate=22 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117185839/http://www.recoda.com.my/about-recoda/what-is-recoda/|archivedate=17 November 2015}}</ref> Wilayah tengah Sarawak dinaungi di bawah SCORE dan meliptui wilayah-wilayah besar seperti Samalaju (dekat Bintulu), Tanjung Manis, dan Mukah.<ref>{{cite web|title=SCORE Areas|url=http://www.recoda.com.my/invest-in-score/score-areas/|publisher=Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy|accessdate=31 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627141442/http://www.recoda.com.my/invest-in-score/score-areas/|archivedate=27 June 2014 }}</ref> Pada 2008, Samalaju direncanakan untuk dikembangkan menjadi sebuah taman industrial,<ref>{{cite web|title=Samalaju – SCORE|url=http://www.recoda.com.my/invest-in-score/score-areas/samalaju/|publisher=Regional Corridor Development Authority|accessdate=22 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117183904/http://www.recoda.com.my/invest-in-score/score-areas/samalaju/|archivedate=17 November 2015}}</ref> dengan Tanjung Manis sebagai pusat makanan [[halal]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Tanjung Manis – SCORE|url=http://www.recoda.com.my/invest-in-score/score-areas/tanjung-manis/|publisher=Regional Corridor Development Authority|accessdate=22 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117085730/http://www.recoda.com.my/invest-in-score/score-areas/tanjung-manis/|archivedate=17 November 2015}}</ref> dan Mukah sebagai pusat administratif untuk SCORE dengan fokus penelitian dan pengembangan berbasis sumber daya.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mukah – SCORE|url=http://www.recoda.com.my/invest-in-score/score-areas/mukah/|publisher=Regional Corridor Development Authority|accessdate=22 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117162533/http://www.recoda.com.my/invest-in-score/score-areas/mukah/|archivedate=17 November 2015}}</ref>

=== Pariwisata ===
[[Berkas:French Gypsy band performing during RWMF 2006.jpg|jmpl|Band Gipsi Prancis tampil pada [[Festival Musik Hutan Hujan Dunia]] 2006]]
Pariwisata memainkan peran besar dalam ekonomi negara bagian tersebut yang memberikan 9.3 persen PDB negara bagian tersebut pada 2015.<ref name="tourist2015">{{cite web|title=Fewer tourists visited Sarawak last year, DUN told|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2016/06/16/fewer-tourists-visited-sarawak-last-year-dun-told/#ixzz4BiYr0pTx|publisher=[[The Borneo Post]]|accessdate=16 June 2016 |archiveurl=|archivedate=}}</ref> Badan Pariwisata Sarawak bertanggungjawab untuk promosi pariwisata di negara bagian tersebut di bawah naungan Kementerian Pariwisata Sarawak. Sementara itu, sektor-sektor pariwisata swastra disatukan di bawah Federasi Pariwisata Sarawak. Biro Konvensi Sarawak bertanggung jawab untuk mengadakan konvensi, konferensi, dan acara-acara perusahan yang diadakan di [[Pusat Konvensi Borneo Kuching]].<ref name="Oxford Business Group Tourism">{{cite web|title=Sarawak's tourism strategy focuses on sustainable development|url=http://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/sarawaks-tourism-strategy-focuses-sustainable-development|publisher=Oxford Business Group|accessdate=21 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121001355/http://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/sarawaks-tourism-strategy-focuses-sustainable-development|archivedate=21 November 2015}}</ref> Kebanyakan pendatang asing datang dari Brunei, Indonesia, Filipina, Singapura, dan Tiongkok.<ref name="Pulling more tourists to Sarawak">{{cite news|title=Pulling more tourists to Sarawak|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/06/27/pulling-more-tourists-to-sarawak/|publisher=[[The Borneo Post]]|accessdate=7 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150819065556/http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/06/27/pulling-more-tourists-to-sarawak/|archivedate=19 August 2015}}</ref> Penghargaan Pariwisata Rangkong Sarawak diadakan setiap dua tahun untuk menghargai sektor pariwisata terbaik di negara bagian tersebut.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ava|first1=Lai|title=Valuable prizes await Hornbill winners|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/Metro/Community/2015/07/29/Valuable-prizes-await-Hornbill-winners/|accessdate=20 November 2015|publisher=The Star (Malaysia)|date=29 July 2015}}</ref> [[Festival Musik Hutan Hujan Dunia]] adalah acara "musik dunia" perdana di kawasan tersebut, yang dihadiri lebih dari 20,000 orang setiap tahun.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sarawak fest certain to be a rare treat|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/archive/sarawak-fest-certain-to-be-a-rare-treat/222869|accessdate=20 November 2015|publisher=[[Bangkok Post]]|date=22 February 2011|subscription=yes}}</ref> Acara-acara yang giat diadakan di Sarawak adalah Festival Film Internasional Perbara, Festival Musik Asia, [[Festival Jazz Borneo]], [[Festival Kebudayaan Borneo]], dan Festival Layangan Internasional Borneo.<ref name="Oxford Business Group Tourism" /> Kompleks perbelanjaan besar di Sarawak meliputi mal The Spring, Boulevard, Hock Lee Centre, City One di Kuching,<ref>{{cite web|title=Shopping Malls in Kuching|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/malls-in-kuching/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=28 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151228001618/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/malls-in-kuching/|archivedate=28 December 2015}}</ref> dan mal Bintang Megamall, Boulevard, Imperial Mall, dan Miri Plaza di Miri.<ref>{{cite web|title=Shopping Malls in Miri|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/shopping-malls-in-miri/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=28 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204143926/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/shopping-malls-in-miri/|archivedate=4 February 2015}}</ref> Ibu kota Sarawak Kuching telah disebut sebagai salah satu tempat tujuan pensiun di Malaysia.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kathleen|first1=Peddicord|title=The Most Interesting Retirement Spot You've Never Heard Of|url=http://money.usnews.com/money/blogs/on-retirement/2012/12/10/exotic-retirement-spot-remains-largely-unknown|accessdate=21 November 2015|publisher=[[U.S. News & World Report]]|date=10 December 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410150854/http://money.usnews.com/money/blogs/on-retirement/2012/12/10/exotic-retirement-spot-remains-largely-unknown|archivedate=10 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Jean|first1=Fogler|title=Retirement Abroad: 5 Unexpected Foreign Cities|url=http://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/100214/retirement-abroad-5-unexpected-foreign-cities.asp|publisher=[[Investopedia]]|accessdate=21 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150420211929/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/100214/retirement-abroad-5-unexpected-foreign-cities.asp|archivedate=20 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Why Malaysia is one of the top 3 countries for retirement|url=https://www.hsbc.com.my/1/PA_ES_Content_Mgmt/content/website/personal/investments/liquid/5559.html|publisher=[[HSBC Bank Malaysia]]|accessdate=21 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907010141/http://www.hsbc.com.my/1/PA_ES_Content_Mgmt/content/website/personal/investments/liquid/5559.html|archivedate=7 September 2015 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Statistik Kedatangan Wisatawan Sarawak<ref name="tourist2015"/><ref name="Pulling more tourists to Sarawak"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Visitor Arrivals into Sarawak 2015|url=http://www.mot.sarawak.gov.my/upload/file_folder/va2015.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture Sarawak|accessdate=31 May 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701023910/http://www.mot.sarawak.gov.my/upload/file_folder/va2015.pdf|archivedate=2016-07-01|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
! Kunci Indikator Pariwisata
! 2010
! 2011
! 2012
! 2013
! 2014
! 2015
|-
! Kedatangan Asing (juta)
| 1.897 || 2.343 || 2.635 || 2.665 || 2.996 || 2.497
|-
! Kedatangan Domestik (Malaysia Barat & Sabah) (juta)
| 1.373 || 1.452 || 1.434 || 1.707 || 1.862 || 2.020
|-
! Total Kedatangan (juta)
| 3.271 || 3.795 || 4.069 || 4.372 || 4.858 || 4.517
|-
! Total Penerimaan Pariwisata, miliar (RM)
| 6.618 || 7.914|| 8.573 || 9.588 || 10.686 || 9.870
|-
! Total Penerimaan Pariwisata, miliar (setara USD)
| 1.489 || 2.374|| 2.786 || 2.876 || 3.206 || N/A
|}

== Infrastruktur ==
Tingkat pengembangan infrastruktur di Sarawak relatif rendah dibandingkan di [[Semenanjung Malaysia]].<ref>{{cite book|title=OECD Investment Policy Reviews OECD Investment Policy Reviews: Malaysia 2013|date=30 October 2013|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD) Publishing|isbn=978-92-64-19458-8|page=234|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UPQAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA234&lpg=PA234|accessdate=17 December 2015|quote=All the same, there are important variations in the quantity and quality of infrastructure stocks, with infrastructure more developed in peninsular Malaysia than in Sabah and Sarawak.}}</ref> Kementerian Pengembangan Infrastruktur dan Komunikasi Sarawak bertanggung jawab untuk pengembangan infrastruktur dan telekomunikasi di Sarawak.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Us|url=http://www.midcom.sarawak.gov.my/modules/web/pages.php?mod=webpage&sub=page&id=41&menu_id=0&sub_id=60|publisher=MIDCom|accessdate=17 December 2015|archive-date=2015-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222140647/http://www.midcom.sarawak.gov.my/modules/web/pages.php?mod=webpage&sub=page&id=41&menu_id=0&sub_id=60|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sarawak memiliki 21 estate industrial, dengan empat agensi utama yang bertanggung jawab untuk implementasi dan pengembangan mereka.<ref>{{cite web|title=Industrial Estate by Division|url=http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/211/227/|publisher=Official Website of the Sarawak Government|accessdate=17 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704223851/http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/211/227/|archivedate=4 July 2015 }}</ref> Pada 2009, 94 persen kawasan perkotaan disuplai dengan listrik; persentase kawasan pedesaan dengan listrik meningkat dari 67 persen pada 2009<ref>{{cite journal|last1=H.|first1=Borhanazad|last2=S.|first2=Mekhilef|last3=R|first3=Saidur|last4=G.|first4=Boroumandijazi|title=Potential application of renewable energy for rural electrification in Malaysia|journal=Renewable Energy|date=2013|volume=59|page=211|url=http://umexpert.um.edu.my/file/publication/00005361_97156.pdf|accessdate=23 November 2015|archive-date=2015-11-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123025730/http://umexpert.um.edu.my/file/publication/00005361_97156.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> menjadi 91 persen pada 2014.<ref name="water and electricity">{{cite news|last1=Alexandra|first1=Lorna|last2=Doreen|first2=Ling|title=Infrastructure crucial to state's goals|url=http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/50465/Infrastructure-crucial-to-states-goals/|accessdate=16 December 2015|publisher=New Sarawak Tribune|date=9 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151216165506/http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/50465/Infrastructure-crucial-to-states-goals/|archivedate=16 December 2015|quote="In 2014, 82% of houses located in Sarawak rural areas have access to water supply in comparison to 59% in 2009." Fadillah also said that the rural electricity coverage had improved over the last few years with 91% of the households in Sarawak having access to electricity in 2014 compared to 67% in 2009.}}</ref> Dalam hal telekomunikasi, pada 2013 persebaran jalur telepon di Sarawak sebesar 25.7 persen, dan persentase orang yang menggunakan telepon peranti bergerak sebesar 93.3 persen. Penggunaan komputer sebesar 45.9 persen pada tahun yang sama; persentase orang yang menggunakan internet adalah 58.5 persen di kawasan perkotaan dan 29.9 persen di kawasan pedesaan.<ref>{{cite web|title=New technologies play a major role in Sarawak's development plans|url=http://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/new-technologies-play-major-role-sarawak%E2%80%99s-development-plans|publisher=Oxford Business Group|accessdate=17 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217003141/http://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/new-technologies-play-major-role-sarawak%E2%80%99s-development-plans|archivedate=17 December 2015}}</ref> Sacofa{{nbsp}}Sdn{{nbsp}}Bhd (Sacofa Private Limited) yang dimiliki negara bertanggung jawab untuk membangun menara-menara telekomunikasi di Sarawak.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mohd|first1=Hafiz Mahpar|title=Cahya Mata Sarawak buys 50% of Sacofa for RM186m|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2015/04/02/cahya-mata-sarawak-buys-50pct-of-sacofa-for-rm186m/?style=biz|accessdate=17 December 2015|publisher=The Star (Malaysia)|date=2 April 2015}}</ref> Sarawak Information Systems Sdn{{nbsp}}Bhd (SAINS) bertanggung jawab untuk implementasi dan pengembangan teknologi informasi di Sarawak.<ref>{{cite web|title=About SAINS – Corporate Profile|url=http://www.sains.com.my/content.php?id=49|publisher=Sarawak Information Systems Sdn Bhd|accessdate=17 December 2015|archive-date=2016-11-19|archive-url=https://archive.today/20161119121354/http://www.sains.com.my/content.php?id=49|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Pada 2012, Sarawak memiliki 63 kantor pos, 40 kantor pos kecil, dan lima layanan pos peranti bergerak.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pos Malaysia wheels brings mobile postal service to Lawas|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/02/15/pos-malaysia-wheels-brings-mobile-postal-service-to-lawas-latest/|accessdate=17 December 2015|publisher=Bernama|date=15 February 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217022313/http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/02/15/pos-malaysia-wheels-brings-mobile-postal-service-to-lawas-latest/|archivedate=17 December 2015}}</ref> Persebaran pengiriman surat di kawasan pedesaan adalah 60 persen pada 2015.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Adib|first1=Povera|title=Postal services improving in Sabah and S'wak|url=http://www.nst.com.my/news/2015/10/postal-services-improving-sabah-and-s%E2%80%99wak|accessdate=17 December 2015|publisher=New Straits Times|date=29 October 2015}}</ref>

Kuching Water Board (KWB) dan Sibu Water Board (SWB) bertanggung jawab untuk manajemen suplai air di wilayah mereka masing-masing. LAKU Management Sdn{{nbsp}}Bhd milik negara mengurusi suplai air untuk Miri, Bintulu, dan Limbang.<ref name="Transport and Infrastructure">{{cite web|title=Transport and Infrastructure|url=http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/160/177/|publisher=Official Website of the Sarawak Government|accessdate=17 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907183756/http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/160/177/|archivedate=7 September 2015}}</ref> Departemen Suplai Air Pedesaan mengurusi suplai air untuk wilayah-wilayah sisanya.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Harun|first1=Jau|title=New department being set up|url=http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/48159/New-department-being-set-up/|accessdate=17 December 2015|publisher=New Sarawak Tribune|date=8 August 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217041741/http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/48159/New-department-being-set-up/|archivedate=17 December 2015}}</ref> Pada 2014, 82 persen kawasan pedesaan memiliki suplai air tawar.<ref name="water and electricity" />

=== Transportasi ===
[[Berkas:KIA newterminal.jpg|ka|jmpl|Terminal [[Bandar Udara Internasional Kuching]]]]
[[Berkas:RTG at Bintulu International Container Terminal (BICT).jpg|ka|jmpl|Terminal Kontainer Internasional Bintulu di pelabuban Bintulu]]
Sarawak memilik total {{convert|32091|km}} jalan yang saling terhubung pada 2013, dengan setengahnya ({{convert|18003|km}}) merupakan rute negara bagian, {{convert|8313|km}} jalan terjal (dibangun oleh perusahaan kayu dan penanaman), {{convert|4352|km}} jalan berbatu, dan {{convert|1424|km}} jalan tol federal. Rute utama di Sarawak adalah [[Jalan Tol Pan Borneo]], yang membentang dari Sematan, Sarawak, melewati Brunei sampai [[Tawau]], Sabah.<ref name="Oxford transport" /> Namun, pada kondisi jalan yang sekarang tak terurus, karena tempat bahaya, tikungan tajam, bintik-bintik buta, lubang, dan erosi ditemukan di sepanjang jalan,<ref>{{cite news |title= Repair Pan Borneo Highway now, says Bintulu MP following latest fatal accident |url= http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Community/2013/09/13/Deadly-reminder-after-grim-toll-Repair-Pan-Borneo-Highway-now-says-Bintulu-MP-following-latest-fatal.aspx/ |date= 13 September 2013 |last= Then |first= Stephen |publisher= [[The Star (Malaysia)]] |accessdate= 23 June 2014 |archive-date= 2016-02-06 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160206023625/http://www.thestar.com.my/news/community/2013/09/13/deadly-reminder-after-grim-toll-repair-pan-borneo-highway-now-says-bintulu-mp-following-latest-fatal/ |dead-url= yes }}</ref> dana dari biaya federal dialokasikan untuk memperbaiki jalan di Sarawak. Di bawah koridor ekonomi SCORE, jalan-jalan tambahan dibangun pada bendungan-bendungan hidroelektrik besar, Bintulu, dan Kapit.<ref name="Oxford transport" /> Kota-kota besar di Sarawak menyediakan jasa angkutan umum seperti bus, taksi dan limousin. Jasa bus juga tersedia untuk perjalanan menuju kawasan-kawasan tetangga Sabah, Brunei, dan [[Pontianak, Indonesia|Pontianak]] (Indonesia).<ref name="Transport and Infrastructure" /> Sarawak menggunakan [[jalan raya kembar]] dengan [[arah lalu lintas|mengemudi jalur kiri]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Thiessen|first1=Tamara|title=Borneo:Sabah, Brunei, Sarawak|date=2012|publisher=[[Bradt Travel Guides]]|isbn=978-1-84162-390-0|page=98|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DCDkRTYwN5AC&pg=PA98|accessdate=26 January 2016|quote=All major roads are dual carriageways; there are no multi-lane expressways. In Malaysia, you drive on the left-hand side of the road and cars are right-hand drive.}}</ref> Hal ini juga memperbolehkan pengendara motor untuk "pakai arah kiri saat keluar".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Yap|first1=Jacky|title=46 Things you Didn't Know about Kuching|url=https://vulcanpost.com/9691/46-things-didnt-know-kuching/|publisher=Vulcan Post|accessdate=26 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150615204005/https://vulcanpost.com/9691/46-things-didnt-know-kuching/|archivedate=15 June 2015 }}</ref>

[[Bandar Udara Internasional Kuching]] adalah gerbang utama Sarawak. [[Bandar Udara Miri]] melayani sejumlah penerbangan internasional. Bandar udara yang lebih kecil lainnya seperti [[Bandar Udara Sibu]], [[Bandar Udara Bintulu]], [[Bandar Udara Mukah]], [[Bandar Udara Marudi]], [[Bandar Udara Mulu]], dan [[Bandar Udara Limbang]] menyediakan layanan menuju Kuala Lumpur dan tujuan domestik lainnya di Sarawak. Terdapat juga sejumlah pangkalan udara yang melayani komunitas pedesaan di negara bagian tersebut.<ref name="Oxford transport" /> Terdapat tiga maskapai penerbangan yang melayani rute penerbangan di Sarawak: [[Malaysia Airlines]], [[Air Asia]], dan [[MASwings]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Airlines flying from Malaysia to Kuching|url=http://www.skyscanner.com.my/flights-to/kch/airlines-that-fly-to-kuching-airport.html|accessdate=30 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330112044/http://www.skyscanner.com.my/flights-to/kch/airlines-that-fly-to-kuching-airport.html|archivedate=30 March 2016}}</ref> [[Hornbill Skyways]] adalah perusahaan penerbangan yang dimiliki oleh pemerintah negara bagian Sarawak. Perusahaan tersebut menyediakan penerbangan tercarter dan layanan penerbangan untuk para PNS pemerintah negara bagian tersebut.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hornbill Skyways – Wings to your destination|url=http://www.hornbillskyways.com/history.php|publisher=Hornbill Skyways|accessdate=30 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319054422/http://hornbillskyways.com/history.php|archivedate=19 March 2016}}</ref>

Sarawak memiliki empat pelabuhan utama di Kuching, Sibu, Bintulu, dan Miri.<ref name="Transport and Infrastructure" /> Pelabuhan Bintulu berada di bawah yuridiksi pemerintah federal Malaysia. Pelabuhan tersebut juga merupakan pelabuhan tersibuk di Sarawak, terutama penanganan produk-produk gas alam cair dan perkapalan kargo standar. Pelabuhan-pelabuhan sisanya berada di bawah otoritas-otoritas pelabuhan negara bagian masing-masing. Pelabuhan lainnya di Sarawak meliputi Pelabuhan Industrial Samalaju dan Pelabuhan Industrial Tanjung Manis. Seluruh pendapatan dari empat pelabuhan utama tersebut adalah 61.04{{nbsp}}juta ton massa freight pada 2013.<ref name="Oxford transport">{{cite web|title=New land, air and sea transport links will help meet higher demand in Sarawak|url=http://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/new-land-air-and-sea-transport-links-will-help-meet-higher-demand-sarawak|publisher=Oxford Business Group|accessdate=17 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217044135/http://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/new-land-air-and-sea-transport-links-will-help-meet-higher-demand-sarawak|archivedate=17 December 2015}}</ref> Sarawak memiliki 55 jaringan sungai ternavigasi dengan panjang secara keseluruhan {{convert|3300|km}}. Selama berabad-abad, sungai-sungai Sarawak telah menjadi tempat transportasi utama dan rute untuk mengantar kayu dan barang-barang pertanian lainnya untuk diekspor ke pelabuhan-pelabuhan besar di negara tersebut. Pelabuhan Sibu adalah pusat utama di sepanjang sungai Rajang, yang berjarak {{convert|113|km}} dari mulut sungai, yang biasanya menangani produk-produk kayu. Namun, sejak pendirian Pelabuhan Industrial Tanjung Mani, total pendapatan pelabuhan Sibu telah menurun.<ref name="Oxford transport" /> Perahu-perahu ekspres adalah alat transportasi penting di sepanjang sungai-sungai Sarawak.<ref name="Transport and Infrastructure" />

Tidak ada jalur rel yang membentang di Sarawak karena tantangan logistik dan keberatan dari penduduk di negara bagian tersebut.<ref name="Oxford transport" />

=== Perawatan kesehatan ===
{{see also|Daftar rumah sakit di Malaysia}}
[[Berkas:27 August 2011 Sarawak General Hospital.jpg|jmpl|[[Rumah Sakit Umum Sarawak]]]]
Sarawak memiliki tiga rumah sakit besar milik pemerintah: [[Rumah Sakit Umum Sarawak]], [[Rumah Sakit Sibu]], dan [[Rumah Sakit Miri]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lim|first1=How Pim|title=Sarawak gets 3 more hospitals|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/08/18/sarawak-gets-3-more-hospitals/|accessdate=19 December 2015|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=18 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822063031/http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/08/18/sarawak-gets-3-more-hospitals/|archivedate=22 August 2014}}</ref> Terdapat juga rumah sakit distrik,<ref name="Sarawak specialists">{{cite news|title=Alternative pathways to overcome the lack of specialists in Sarawak|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/community/2014/11/15/efforts-to-address-shortage-alternative-pathways-to-overcome-the-lack-of-specialists-in-sarawak/|accessdate=19 December 2015|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=15 November 2014|quote=Dr Jerip said there were currently 248 specialists distributed among the major hospitals in the state, comprising the Sarawak General Hospital, Sibu Hospital and Miri Hospital, as well as several divisional hospitals.}}</ref> klinik kesehatan umum, [[1Malaysia#Klinik 1Malaysia|klinik 1Malaysia]], dan klinik desa.<ref name="Oxford healthcare">{{cite web|title=Sarawak makes efforts to boost access to health care|url=http://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/sarawak-makes-efforts-boost-access-health-care|publisher=Oxford Business Group|accessdate=19 December 2015|quote=Sarawak's 221 public health clinics include only seven rural clinics. Services for the poor are also provided at 1Malaysia clinics, where assistant medical officers provide basic health care, but again, these clinics – of which the state has 18 – have historically been located mainly in urban areas.}}</ref> Disamping klinik dan rumah sakit milik pemerintah, terdapat juga beberapa rumah sakit swasta di Sarawak<ref>{{cite news|last1=Nigel|first1=Edgar|title=Wednesday, 4 December 2013 Sarawak recognises importance of private hospitals such as Borneo Medical Centre|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/community/2013/12/04/giving-healthcare-a-huge-boost-state-recognises-importance-of-private-hospitals-such-as-borneo-medic/|accessdate=19 December 2015|publisher=The Star (Malaysia)|date=4 December 2013}}</ref> seperti Pusat Spesialis Pengobatan Normah, Pusat Spesialis Pengobatan Timberland,<ref>{{cite web|title=Quality of Life|url=http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/209/225/|publisher=The Sarawak Government|accessdate=19 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909202618/http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/209/225/|archivedate=9 September 2015}}</ref> dan Pusat Pengobatan Spesialis Sibu. Sarawak juga merupakan tujuan wisata medis untuk para pengunjung Brunei dan Indonesia.<ref>{{cite news|title='Sarawak wants more participation in private healthcare sector'|url=http://www.therakyatpost.com/news/2015/08/01/sarawak-wants-more-participation-in-private-healthcare-sector/|accessdate=19 December 2015|publisher=The Rakyat Post|date=1 August 2015|archive-date=2015-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222131807/http://www.therakyatpost.com/news/2015/08/01/sarawak-wants-more-participation-in-private-healthcare-sector/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Universiti Malaysia Sarawak]] (UNIMAS) adalah satu-satunya universitas pemerintah yang menghasilkan lulusan-lulusan medis di negara bagian tersebut.<ref name="Oxford healthcare" /> Perhimpunan Paliatif Sarawak dibentuk pada 1998 untuk mempromosikan [[perawatan paliatif]] dalam setting rumahan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarawak Hospice Society|url=http://www.sarawakhospicesociety.org/index.php?page=sarawak-hospice-society|publisher=Sarawak Hospice Society|accessdate=19 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150126135600/http://www.sarawakhospicesociety.org/index.php?page=sarawak-hospice-society|archivedate=26 January 2015}}</ref> Rumah Sakit Sentosa adalah satu-satunya rumah sakit mental di Sarawak.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=K Saai|title='People still dump mental patients at Hospital Sentosa'|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2010/10/28/%E2%80%98people-still-dump-mental-patients-at-hospital-sentosa%E2%80%99/|accessdate=19 December 2015|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=28 October 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151219073010/http://www.theborneopost.com/2010/10/28/%E2%80%98people-still-dump-mental-patients-at-hospital-sentosa%E2%80%99/|archivedate=19 December 2015}}</ref>

Akses untuk perawatan kesehatan berkualitas baik masih menjadi tantangan dalam komunitas pedesaan.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chin|first1=Mui Yoon|title=Access to healthcare a challenge for Sarawak's interior folk|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/features/2012/02/27/access-to-healthcare-a-challenge-for-sarawaks-interior-folk/|accessdate=19 December 2015|publisher=The Star (Malaysia)|date=27 February 2012}}</ref> Untjm desa-desa di luar kawasan-kawasan operasional dari klinik-klinik kesehatan, sebuah layanan dokter terbang tersedia sebulan sekali. Promoter-promoter kesehatan desa ditempatkan di desa-desa dengan menyediakan tiga minggu pertolongan pertama dan pelatihan kesehatan dasar. Berbagai praktik pengobatan tradisional masih digunakan oleh berbagai komunitas di Sarawak.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ariff|first1=K.M|last2=Teng|first2=CL|title=Rural health care in Malaysia|journal=Australian Journal of Rural Health|date=2002|volume=10|issue=2|pages=99–103|pmid=12047504|quote=The FDS in Sarawak was launched in 1973 to provide healthcare to communities residing outside the 'extended operational area' limits of the health centre (beyond 12&nbsp;km).|doi=10.1046/j.1440-1584.2002.00456.x}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Leng Chee|first1=Heng|last2=Barraclough|first2=Simon|title=Health Care in Malaysia: The Dynamics of Provision, Financing and Access|date=6 March 2007|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-134-11295-1|page=196|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hANe_y3bPmkC&pg=PA196|accessdate=30 March 2016|quote=While there were systems of tradiional medicine and a traditional pharmacopoenia amongst the indigenous communities in Sarawak, they have largely fallen into disuse&nbsp;...}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Bawin Anggat|first1=Nicholas|title=Traditional Medicines of Borneo at Risk|url=http://health.usf.edu/NR/rdonlyres/00A35B41-CD50-4B4C-B2E7-906C090C31B7/26990/TraditionalMedicinesofBorneo1.pdf|accessdate=30 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330133431/http://health.usf.edu/NR/rdonlyres/00A35B41-CD50-4B4C-B2E7-906C090C31B7/26990/TraditionalMedicinesofBorneo1.pdf|archivedate=30 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Chinese traditional medicine|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/11/08/chinese-traditional-medicine/|accessdate=30 March 2016|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=8 November 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114061013/http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/11/08/chinese-traditional-medicine|archivedate=14 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Abuduli|first1=Maihebureti|last2=Ezat|first2=Sharifa|last3=Aljunid|first3=Syed|title=Role of traditional and complementary medicine in universal coverage|journal=Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine|date=2011|volume=11|issue=2|page=1|url=http://www.mjphm.org.my/mjphm/journals/Volume%2011:2/GUEST%20EDITORIAL.pdf|accessdate=30 March 2016|quote=There are nine integrated public hospitals which are practicing T&CM in Malaysia.&nbsp;... Sarawak General Hospital&nbsp;... These hospitals practice traditional Malay massage, acupuncture, herbal oncology and postnatal massage.}}</ref>

Pada 2015, ratio dokter-pasien di negara bagian tersebut adalah 1:1,104{{snds}}lebih rendah ketimbang rekomendasi [[Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia]] yakni 1{{nbsp}}dokter untuk 600 pasien. Pada tahun yang sama, terdapat 2,237 dokter di Sarawak, dengan 1,759 orang melayani dalam sektor negeri dan 478 dalam sektor swasta.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Danielle|first1=Sendou|title=More options needed to address doctor shortage in Sarawak|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/04/22/more-options-needed-to-address-doctor-shortage-in-sarawak/|accessdate=19 December 2015|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=22 April 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150818125855/http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/04/22/more-options-needed-to-address-doctor-shortage-in-sarawak/|archivedate=18 August 2015}}</ref> Selain itu, terdapat 248 spesialis, 942 petugas medis, dan 499 petugas rumahan di negara bagian tersebut.<ref name="Sarawak specialists" />

=== Pendidikan ===
{{main article|Daftar sekolah di Sarawak}}
[[Berkas:Chancellory Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.JPG|jmpl|Gedung kanselori [[Universiti Malaysia Sarawak]] (UNIMAS)]]
Tingkat melek huruf Sarawak adalah 25 persen pada 1960.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Silcock|first1=T.H|title=The Political Economy of Independent Malaya:A case-study in development|date=1963|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|page=46|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Sp8Ix7_8IsC&pg=PA46|accessdate=21 December 2015}}</ref> Sekarang, negara bagian tersebut memiliki tingkat melek huruf 90 persen. [[Kementerian Pendidikan (Malaysia)|Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia]] bertanggung jawab untuk pendidikan dasar dan menengah di Sarawak.<ref name="Sarawak education" /> Sekolah tertua yang berdiri di Sarawak adalah: [[SMK St. Thomas|Sekolah Santo Thomas Kuching]] (1848), Sekolah Santa Maria Kuching (1848), dan Sekolah Santo Yusuf Kuching (1882).<ref>{{cite news|last1=Edgar|first1=Ong|title=Can you blame Sarawak and Sabah for feeling left out?|url=http://www.theantdaily.com/Main/Can-you-blame-Sarawak-and-Sabah-for-feeling-left-out|accessdate=21 December 2015|publisher=The Ant Daily|date=10 April 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150615085243/http://www.theantdaily.com/Main/Can-you-blame-Sarawak-and-Sabah-for-feeling-left-out|archivedate=15 June 2015|quote=The eight schools missing from the incomplete list are St. Thomas's School Kuching (1848), St Mary's School Kuching (1848), St Joseph's School Kuching (1882), St Teresa's School Kuching (1885), St Michael's School Sandakan (1886), St Michael's School Penampang (1888), All Saints' School, Likas (1903) and St Patrick's School Tawau (1917).}}</ref> Pada 2012, Sarawak memiliki 185 SMP negeri, empat sekolah internasional,<ref name="Oxford education">{{cite web|title=Sarawak's public and private sectors work together to revamp education|url=http://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/sarawaks-public-and-private-sectors-work-together-revamp-education|publisher=Oxford Business Group|accessdate=21 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151221141840/http://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/sarawaks-public-and-private-sectors-work-together-revamp-education|archivedate=21 December 2015}}</ref> dan 14 [[SMA independen Tionghoa|sekolah independen Tionghoa]].<ref>{{cite web|title=砂拉越华文独中通讯录 (Communication directory of Sarawak Chinese independent schools)|url=http://shadongzong.org/secondary-schools/|accessdate=1 March 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231125149/http://shadongzong.org/secondary-schools/|archivedate=31 December 2013|language=Chinese}}</ref> Sarawak memiliki jumlah siswa pribumi yang banyak yang masuk sekolah-sekolah Tionghoa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thesundaily.my/node/135077|title=55,975 bumiputera pupils in Chinese schools|work=Bernama|publisher=The Sun|date=17 December 2010|accessdate=26 June 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160626080230/http://www.thesundaily.my/node/135077 |archivedate=26 June 2016|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Pemerintah Sarawak juga menyediakan pendidikan pra-sekolah di negara bagian tersebut.<ref name="Oxford education" /> Sarawak memiliki tiga universitas negeri: [[Universiti Malaysia Sarawak]] (UNIMAS), kampus [[Kota Samarahan]] [[Universiti Teknologi Mara]] (UiTM), dan [[Kampus Bintulu Universiti Putra Malaysia]]. [[Universiti Utara Malaysia]] (UUM) juga menyediakan beberapa pusat studi kampus lepas di Kuching dan Sibu. Sarawak juga memiliki dua universitas swasta: [[Universitas Curtin Sarawak]] dan [[Kampus Sarawak Universitas Teknologi Swinburne]].<ref name="Sarawak education">{{cite web|title=Education|url=http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/197/215/|publisher=Official Website of the Sarawak Government|accessdate=21 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907185329/http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/197/215/|archivedate=7 September 2015}}</ref> Pelatihan vokasional juga memberikan prioritas untuk menyuplai tenaga kerja terampil untuk koridor ekonomi SCORE. Terdapat juga beberapa kolese komunitas<ref name="Oxford education" /> dan empat kolese pelatihn guru di Sarawak.<ref>{{cite web|title=Institut Pendidikan Guru (Teachers' Training Institute)|url=http://www.moe.gov.my/my/direktori-ipg?page=2&page=1&page=2&page=1&page=2&page=1&page=2&page=1|publisher=Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (Malaysian Ministry of Education)|accessdate=22 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222000249/http://www.moe.gov.my/my/direktori-ipg?page=2&page=1&page=2&page=1&page=2&page=1&page=2&page=1|archivedate=22 December 2015|quote=IPG Kampus Sarawak, IPG Kampus Tun Abdul Razak, IPG Kampus Batu Lintang (1st page),&nbsp;... IPG Kampus Rajang (2nd page)}}</ref> Kolese Pelatihan Guru Batu Lintang adalah kolese tertua ketiga dari jenisnya di Malaysia.<ref>{{cite news|title=IPG Batu Lintang to be 'garden campus' next year|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2011/08/16/ipg-batu-lintang-to-be-%E2%80%98garden-campus%E2%80%99-next-year/|accessdate=22 December 2015|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=16 August 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222001241/http://www.theborneopost.com/2011/08/16/ipg-batu-lintang-to-be-%E2%80%98garden-campus%E2%80%99-next-year/|archivedate=22 December 2015}}</ref> Pada 2015, total pengajar di Sarawak adalah 40,593 orang.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sharon|first1=Ling|title=Local teachers for Sarawak schools|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/metro/views/2015/10/31/local-teachers-for-sarawak-schools-education-department-planning-now-to-ensure-90-of-teachers-are-fr/|accessdate=22 December 2015|publisher=The Star (Malaysia)|date=31 October 2015|quote=She said teachers from the peninsula currently make up 21.9% of the teaching workforce in primary and secondary schools in Sarawak with 8,890 in total while Sarawakians comprise 76.3% or 30,956. The rest (747, or 1.8%) are from Sabah and Labuan.}}</ref>

[[Perpustakaan Negara Bagian Sarawak]] (juga dikenal sebagai PUSTAKA) adalah perpustakaan terbesar di negara bagian tersebut. Perpustakaan-perpustakaan umum dan desa ditemukan di berbagai kota.<ref>{{cite web|title=Libraries|url=http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view//186/|publisher=The Sarawak Government|accessdate=22 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222103226/http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view//186/|archivedate=22 December 2015}}</ref>

== Demografi ==
{{Main article|Demografi Sarawak}}
{{bar box
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|title=Kelompok etnis di Sarawak (2021)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/02/08/state-statistics-malays-edge-past-chinese-in-sarawak/ |title=State statistics: Malays edge past Chinese in Sarawak |accessdate=15 April 2016 |publisher=[[The Borneo Post]] |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415063610/http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/02/08/state-statistics-malays-edge-past-chinese-in-sarawak/ |archivedate=15 April 2016 }}</ref>
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=Etnis
|right1=Persen
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|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Suku Iban|Iban]]|#AAF0D1|50.3}}
{{bar percent|[[Suku Melayu|Melayu]]|#89CFF0|18.4}}
{{bar percent|[[Tionghoa Malaysia|Tionghoa]]|#FFA07A|16.5}}
{{bar percent|[[Bidayuh]]|#E18E96|5.6}}
{{bar percent|[[Orang Ulu]]|#FFCBA4|4.1}}
{{bar percent|[[Suku Dayak Melanau|Melanau]]|#CCCCFF|3.0}}
{{bar percent|[[India Malaysia|India]]|#FFCBA4|0.3}}
{{bar percent|[[Bangsa Malaysia|Lain-lain]]|DarkGray|0.2}}
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Menurut sensus Malaysia 2021, populasi Sarawak berjumlah 2,908,520, menjadikannya negara bagian paling berpenduduk ketiga di Malaysia.<ref name="2015 population"/> Namun, karena wilayahnya yang besar, negara bagian tersebut memiliki [[kepadatan penduduk]] terendah di Malaysia, yang meliputi 20{{nbsp}}orang per km<sup>2</sup>. Rata-rata tingkat pertumbuhan penduduk per tahun dari 2000 sampai 2010 adalah 1.8 persen.<ref name="State Planning Unit stats" /> {{As of|2014}}, 60 persen penduduk berada di perkotaan sementara 40 persen penduduk tinggal di kawasan pedesaan.<ref>{{cite news|title=Johari: Urban-rural ratio to hit 65:35 within 10 years|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Community/2014/01/17/Johari-Urbanrural-ratio-to-hit-6535-within-10-years/|accessdate=24 November 2015|publisher=The Star (Malaysia)|date=17 January 2014}}</ref> {{As of|2011}}, [[tingkat kelahiran]] di Sarawak adalah 19.2 per 1000 orang, [[mortalitas|tingkat kematian]] adalah 3.4 per 1000 populasi, dan [[kematian bayi|tingkat kematian bayi]] adalah 5.8 per 1000 kelahiran.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vital Statistics Summary for Births and Deaths|url=http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/241/251/|publisher=Sarawak Government|accessdate=12 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907173809/http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/241/251/|archivedate=7 September 2015}}</ref>

Sarawak memiliki lebih dari 40 [[kelompok sub-etnis]], yang masing-masing memiliki bahasa, budaya dan gaya hidup khasnya sendiri. Kota-kota besar umumnya ditinggali oleh [[Melayu Malaysia|Melayu]], Melanaus, [[Tionghoa Han|Tionghoa]], dan sejumlah kecil Iban dan [[Bidayuh]] yang berpindah dari kampung halaman mereka untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan.<ref name="Sarawak Convention Bureau">{{cite web|title=The Sarawak People|url=http://www.stf.org.my/sarawak/index.php?do=people|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Federation|accessdate=24 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106051053/http://www.stf.org.my/sarawak/index.php?do=people|archivedate=6 January 2015}}</ref> Masalah KTP untuk orang asli yang lahir di wilayah-wilayah tak tersentuh masih menjadi tantangan. Masalah tersebut menyebabkan ribuan orang Penin menjadi tak bernegara.<ref>{{cite news|title=Penans 'stateless' because of fines|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2005/09/26/penans-stateless-because-of-fines/|accessdate=30 October 2016|publisher=The Star (Malaysia)|date=26 September 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sheith Khidir|first1=Abu Bakar|title=Stateless Penans demand citizenship papers|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2016/03/29/stateless-penans-demand-citizenship-papers/|accessdate=30 October 2016|publisher=Free Malaysia Today|date=29 March 2016|archive-date=2017-08-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821125812/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2016/03/29/stateless-penans-demand-citizenship-papers/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Mobile unit makes NRD applications easy for Penan community|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2016/04/07/mobile-unit-makes-nrd-applications-easy-for-penan-community/|accessdate=30 October 2016|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=7 April 2016}}</ref> Sarawak memiliki 150,000 buruh migran terdaftar yang bekerja sebagai buruh domestik atau dalam penanaman, pabrik, pembangunan, jasa dan pertanian.<ref>{{cite news|title=Over 150,000 foreign workers in Sarawak hold temporary employment passes|url=http://www.thesundaily.my/news/1593885|accessdate=18 December 2015|publisher=The Sun Daily|date=26 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151027171855/http://www.thesundaily.my/news/1593885|archivedate=27 October 2015}}</ref> Namun, total jumlah imigran gelap mencapai 320,000 sampai 350,000 orang.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sulok|first1=Tawie|title=Illegal immigrants in Sarawak a 'huge problem', deputy home minister admits|url=http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/illegal-immigrants-in-sarawak-a-huge-problem-deputy-home-minister-admits|accessdate=18 December 2015|publisher=Malay Mail Online|date=11 April 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151025155243/http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/illegal-immigrants-in-sarawak-a-huge-problem-deputy-home-minister-admits|archivedate=25 October 2015}}</ref> [[Bumiputera (Malaysia)|Bumiputera]] merujuk kepada orang Melayu dan kelompok pribumi lainnya di Semenanjung Malaysia, Sarawak dan Sabah. Kelompok suku bangsa tersebut umumnya memiliki hak-hak khusus dalam pendidikan, pekerjaan, keuangan dan jabatan politik.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ting|first1=Su Hie|last2=Rose|first2=Louis|title=Ethnic Language Use and Ethnic Identity for Sarawak Indigenous Groups in Malaysia|date=June 2014|volume=53|issue=1|page=92|url=https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-377286780/ethnic-language-use-and-ethnic-identity-for-sarawak|accessdate=30 November 2015|publisher=[[Oceanic Linguistics]]|quote=In Malaysia, Bumiputera (literally translated as 'prince of the earth' or 'son of the land') refers to the Malay and other indigenous people.&nbsp;... The Bumiputera in general enjoy special privileges as part of the affirmative action for advancement of the community, and these include priority in university entry, scholarships, and government jobs, special finance schemes, and political positions.|subscription=yes|doi=10.1353/ol.2014.0002}}</ref> [[Orang Asal]] merujuk kepada seluruh kelompok pribumi di Malaysia kecuali Melayu.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indigenous peoples – (a) Land rights of Indigenous Peoples|url=http://www.suhakam.org.my/indigenous-people/|publisher=[[Komisi Hak Asasi Manusia Malaysia]] (SUHAKAM)|accessdate=30 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002003359/http://www.suhakam.org.my/indigenous-people/|archivedate=2 October 2015}}</ref>

=== Kelompok etnis ===
[[Berkas:Ethnic groups in sarawak.png|jmpl|Kelompok-kelompok etnis besar di Sarawak. Arah jarum jam dari kanan atas:Gadis-gadis Melanau mengenakan [[Baju Kurung]] tradisional, Wanita Tionghoa Sarawak mengenakan busana tradisional [[Cheongsam]], seorang gadis Bidayuh, dan seorang prajurit Iban mengenakan [[busana adat|pakaian tradisional]].]]
Umumnya, Sarawak memiliki enam kelompok etnis besar: Iban, [[Tionghoa Malaysia|Tionghoa]], [[Suku Melayu|Melayu]], [[Bidayuh]], Melanau, dan [[Orang Ulu]].<ref name="Sarawak Convention Bureau" /> Beberapa kelompok etnis kecil meliputi: [[Kedayan]], [[Suku Jawa|Jawa]], [[Bugis]], Murut, dan [[India Malaysia|India]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Leong|first1=Joe|title=Bizarre names like Tigabelas, Helicopter, Kissing in Borneo are real|url=http://www.theantdaily.com/Article.aspx?ArticleId=14911|accessdate=24 November 2015|publisher=The Ant Daily|date=4 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124022706/http://www.theantdaily.com/Article.aspx?ArticleId=14911|archivedate=24 November 2015|quote=There are several other minor ethnic groups placed under the 'others', such as Indian, Eurasian, Kedayan, Javanese, Bugis and Murut.}}</ref> Istilah [[Suku Dayak|Dayak]] umumnya digunakan untuk merujuk kepada suku Iban dan [[Bidayuh]]. Istilah tersebut sering kali digunakan dalam konteks nasionalistik.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Winzeler|first1=R.L.|title=The Architecture of Life and Death in Borneo|date=2004|publisher=[[University of Hawaii Press]]|isbn=978-0-8248-2632-1|page=3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=niS2FbfVzj4C&pg=PA3|accessdate=24 November 2015|quote=...&nbsp;it more popularly refers only to the Bidayuh and the Iban (the Land and Sea Dayaks respectively of the colonial tradition.}}</ref> Pada 2015, pemerintah federal Malaysia mengakui penggunaan istilah tersebut pada bentuk-bentuk resmi.<ref>{{cite news|title=Putrajaya approves 'Dayak' for 'Race' category in all official forms|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/putrajaya-approves-dayak-for-race-category-in-all-official-forms|accessdate=24 November 2015|publisher=The Malaysian Insider|date=31 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124080101/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/putrajaya-approves-dayak-for-race-category-in-all-official-forms|archivedate=24 November 2015}}</ref>

Sarawak memiliki jumlah [[suku Iban]] tertinggi di Kalimantan, dengan jumlah 867,820 orang.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/02/08/state-statistics-malays-edge-past-chinese-in-sarawak/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415063610/http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/02/08/state-statistics-malays-edge-past-chinese-in-sarawak/ |archivedate=15 April 2016|title= State statistics: Malays edge past Chinese in Sarawak |accessdate=15 April 2016|publisher=[[The Borneo Post]]}}</ref> Mereka juga dikenal sebagai Dayak Laut. Sejumlah besar orang Iban menganut Kristen. Orang-orang Iban awalnya tinggal di wilayah sekitaran cekungan Rajang, namun setelah ekspedisi militer Brooke, mereka secara bertahap berpindah ke wilayah utara Sarawak. Pemukiman Iban biasanya berbentuk rumah panjang. Rumah panjang tersebut adalah sebuah unit pertahanan pada masa lalu, saat perburuan kepala masih lazim. Saat ini, tempat tersebut masih menjadi simbol ritual bagi para penghuninya. Pada masa lalu, orang-orang Iban membuat hierarki status seperti ''raja berani'', ''orang mayuh'' (orang biasa), dan ''ulun'' (budak). Namun, pada era Brooke, masyarakat Iban disusun ulang menjadi jabatan-jabatan resmi seperti ''tuai rumah'' (kepala keluarga), ''penghulu'' (kepala wilayah), dan ''temenggong'' (kepala tertinggi).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Keat|first1=Gin Ooi|title=Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor, Volume 1|date=2004|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|isbn=978-1-57607-770-2|pages=623–625|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC&pg=PA623|accessdate=25 November 2015|quote=Ibans are found in all political divisions of Borneo but in largest numbers in Sarawak.&nbsp;... Christian missionaries have been active among the Ibans for more than a century, and today many Ibans are Christians.}}</ref> Mereka masih menjalani beberapa ritual tradisional dan kepercayaan mereka seperti Gawai Antu ([[perayaan orang mati]]) dan [[Gawai Dayak]] ([[Perayaan Panen]]).<ref>{{cite web|title=Our People – Iban – The official travel website for Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/blog/our-people-iban/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=25 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125091022/http://sarawaktourism.com/blog/our-people-iban/|archivedate=25 November 2015}}</ref>

Para pedagang Tionghoa mula-mula datang ke Sarawak pada abad ke-6 Masehi. [[Tionghoa Malaysia|Populasi Tionghoa]] saat ini terdiri dari komunitas yang berasal dari imigran pada zaman Brooke.<ref name="Welman" /> Migran-migran tersebut mula-mula bekerja sebagai buruh di pertambangan emas di Bau, Sarawak. Berbagai kelompok dialek ditemukan pada kalangan Tionghoa Sarawak; [[orang Kanton|Kanton]], [[dialek Fuzhou|Foochow]], [[Tionghoa Hakka|Hakka]], [[Hokkien]], [[Dialek Teochew|Teochew]], dan Henghua ([[orang Putian]]). Mereka merayakan perayaan-perayaan kebudayaan besar seperti Perayaan [[Hantu Lapar]] dan [[Tahun Baru Imlek]]. Kebanyakan Tionghoa Sraawak menganut Buddha dan Kristen.<ref name="Borneotrilogy" /> Di Kuching, kebanyakan Tionghoa tinggal di dekat Sungai Sarawak, sebuah kawasan yang kemudian membentuk [[Chinatown, Kuching|Chinatown]].<ref name="Tourism Chinese">{{cite web|title=Our people – Chinese|url=http://blog.sarawaktourism.com/2012/08/our-people-chinese.html|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=28 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712172454/http://blog.sarawaktourism.com/2012/08/our-people-chinese.html|archivedate=12 July 2015}}</ref> Pada 1901, [[Wong Nai Siong]] membawa rombongannya untuk bermukim di Sibu, dekat Sungai Rajang.<ref>{{cite web|last1=John|first1=Barwick|title=Huang Naishang (1844–1924)|url=http://www.bdcconline.net/en/stories/h/huang-naishang.php|publisher=Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Christianity|accessdate=21 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518052143/http://www.bdcconline.net/en/stories/h/huang-naishang.php|archivedate=18 May 2013|quote=Shortly thereafter, Huang decided to start a new settlement of Chinese in Malaysia in order to escape China's despotism and Fujian's poverty.&nbsp;... In 1901, Huang traveled with settlers from Fujian to Sibu, where he founded New Fuzhou.}}</ref> Tionghoa kemudian bekerja di pertambangan batubara dan ladang minyak di Miri·<ref name="Tourism Chinese" /> Tionghoa Sarawak dipengaruhi oleh [[Kuomintang]] dan kemudian [[Partai Komunis Tiongkok]] sebelum mengadopsi ideologi nasionalisme Sarawak setelah 1963.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Voon|first1=J.C.|title=Sarawak Chinese political thinking : 1911–1963|url=http://ir.unimas.my/4031/|publisher=[[Universiti Malaysia Sarawak]] (UNIMAS)|accessdate=30 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151130071849/http://ir.unimas.my/4031/|archivedate=30 November 2015|date=2002}}</ref>

[[Melayu Sarawak|Suku Melayu]] biasanya merupakan petani. Mereka memilih membangun pemukiman (desa-desa Melayu) di sepanjang tepian sungai. Saat ini, mereka bermigrasi ke wilayah perkotaan dan bekerja dalam sektor negeri dan swasta. Mereka dikenal karena kerajinan perak dan kuningan, ukiran kayu, dan tekstil buatan mereka.<ref name="Welman" /> Beberapa desa Melayu khas terletak di sepanjang pinggiran sungai dekat Benteng Margherita, di belakang Masjid Kuching, dan di kaki [[Gunung Santubong]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Our people – Malay – The official website for Sarawak Malaysian Borneo|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/blog/our-people-malay/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=30 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151130135035/http://sarawaktourism.com/blog/our-people-malay/|archivedate=30 November 2015}}</ref> Terdapat beberapa teori tentang asal muasal Melayu di Sarawak. James Brooke memberikan istilah tersebut untuk pertama kalinya kepada kaum Muslim penduduk asli di wilayah pesisir Sarawak. Namun, tidak semua Muslim di Sarawak adalah Melayu. Kebanyakan suku Melanau juga menganut Islam.<ref name=Ohiopress /><ref group=note>Ishikawa, 2010. The word "Malay" is widely used in Sarawak because in 1841 James Brooke brought it with him from Singapore, (page 140)</ref> Teori-teori lainnya mengklaim bahwa Melayu datang dari [[Kepulauan Melayu]] (terutama Jawa atau Sumatra), [[bangsa Arab]] dari [[Timur Tengah]], atau melalui perpindahan budaya dan agama penduduk asli Sarawak.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Jeniri|first1=Amir|title=Asal usul Melayu Sarawak: menjejaki titik tak pasti (Asal muasal Melayu Sarawak: Penyelidikan poin-poin tak pasti)|journal=Jurnal Antarabangsa Dunia Melayu (Jurnal Internasional Dunia Melayu)|date=2015|volume=8|issue=1|url=http://ptsldigital.ukm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/ukmvital:73738|accessdate=30 November 2015|publisher=Fakultas Ilmu Sosial, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)|language=Melayu|archive-date=2015-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151207214607/http://sarawaktourism.com/blog/journey-to-melanau-heartland/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

[[Melanau]] berasal dari Sarawak. Kebanyakan dari mereka datang dari kota pesisir Mukah.<ref>{{cite web|title=Journey to Melanau heartland|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/blog/journey-to-melanau-heartland/|website=Situs web perjalanan resmi untuk Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=7 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151207214607/http://sarawaktourism.com/blog/journey-to-melanau-heartland/|archivedate=7 December 2015 }}</ref> Mereka biasanya tinggal di rumah-rumah tinggi, namun setelah mengadopsi gaya hidup Meoayu, mereka tinggal di desa-desa. Mereka bekerja sebagai nelayan, pembuat perahu, dan pengrajin. Mereka awalnya mempraktikan paganisme dan merayakan [[perayaan Kaul]] namun sekarang kebanyakan dari mereka adalah Muslim.<ref name="Welman" /><ref name=Ohiopress>{{cite book|last1=Ishikawa|first1=Noboru|title=Between Frontiers: Nation and Identity in a Southeast Asian Borderland|date=15 March 2010|publisher=[[Ohio University Press]]|isbn=978-0-89680-476-0|pages=86–87|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2YH3lULL6-MC&pg=PA87|accessdate=9 November 2015}}</ref><ref group=note>Ishikawa, 2010 (page 169)</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Miri Visitors' Guide – Miri's inhabitants|url=http://www.gomiri.com/en/01miri/people.htm|website=gomiri.com|accessdate=8 August 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520130302/http://www.gomiri.com/en/01miri/people.htm|archivedate=20 May 2015}}</ref>

[[Bidayuh]] biasanya tinggal di bagian selatan Sarawak.<ref>{{cite web|title=Our people – Bidayuh|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/blog/our-people-bidayuh/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=7 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151207223218/http://sarawaktourism.com/blog/our-people-bidayuh/|archivedate=7 December 2015}}</ref> Mereka dikenal sebagai Dayak Darat karena mereka biasanya tinggal di kaki pegunungan batu gamping. Mereka terdiri dari beberapa kelompok sub-etnis seperti Jagoi, Biatah, Bukar-Sadung dan Selakau, dan berbicara dengan dialek yang tak berbeda jauh.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bidayuh longhouse|url=http://www.scv.com.my/bidayuh.asp|publisher=Sarawak Cultural Village|accessdate=7 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120731165223/http://www.scv.com.my/bidayuh.asp|archivedate=31 July 2012}}</ref> Meskipun demikian, mereka menerima bahasa Inggris dan Melayu sebagai bahasa umum mereka. Mereka dikenal karena beberapa alat musik seperti drum raksasa dan instrumen perkusi bambu yang dikenal sebagai ''pratuakng''. Seperti halnya Iban, pemukiman tradisional mereka adalah rumah panjang, namun mereka juga membangun rumah melingkar ''baruk'' untuk pertemuan komunitas. Mayoritas Bidayuh menganut Kristen.<ref name="Welman" />

Nama [[Orang Ulu]] artinya "orang hulu" dalam [[bahasa Iban]]. Suku tersebut meliputi sejumlah suku yang tinggal hulu sungai wilayah Sarawak seperti suku Kenyah, Kayan, [[Lun Bawang]], [[suku Kelabit|Kelabit]], Penan, [[Bisaya (Borneo)|Bisaya]], dan Berawan.<ref name="Welman" /> Awalnya pemburu kepala, kebanyakan dari mereka tinggal di Bario, Ba'kelalan, [[Belaga, Sarawak|Belaga]], dan dekat cekungan drainase Sungai Baram.<ref name="Orang Ulu tourism">{{cite web|last1=Erivina|title=Our people – Orang Ulu|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/blog/our-people-orang-ulu/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=10 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207232121/http://sarawaktourism.com/blog/our-people-orang-ulu/|archivedate=7 February 2015 }}</ref> Mereka menghias rumah-rumah panjang dengan mural dan ukiran kayu. Mereka juga dikenal karena membangun perahu, karya manik-manik dan mentato.<ref name="Welman" /> Alat-alat musik terkenal dari Orang Ulu adalah [[sapeh]] dari Kayan dan [[sampe']] dari Kenyah dan band bambu Lun Bawang. Suku Kelabit dan Lun Bawang dikenal karena produksi beras harum mereka.<ref name="Orang Ulu tourism" /> Kebanyakan Orang Ulu menganut Kristen.<ref name="Welman" />

=== Agama ===
{{Main article|Demografi Sarawak#Agama di Sarawak}}

<gallery mode="packed" caption="Tempat ibadah di Sarawak">
Berkas:St Joseph Church, Kuching, Malaysia.jpg|Gereja Santo Yusuf
Berkas:Sarawak State Mosque 02.jpg|Masjid Lama Negeri Sarawak
Berkas:Masland Methodist Church, Sibu.JPG|Gereja Methodist Sibu
Berkas:Hong San Si Temple 03.jpg|Kelenteng Hong San Si
Berkas:Miri Sarawak LDS Mormon Church - panoramio - Tys.jpg|Gereja Mormon Miri
</gallery>

Meksipun Islam adalah agama resmi dari federasi tersebut, sebelumnya Sarawak tak memiliki agama negara bagian resmi.<ref>{{cite news|title=Explanation sought on real status of S'wak's official religion|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/12/12/explanation-sought-on-real-status-of-swaks-official-religion/|accessdate=11 December 2015|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=12 December 2015|quote=The Sarawak State Constitution is clear—Sarawak has no official religion, but the official website stated otherwise. This matter was pointed out by YB [[Baru Bian]] (Ba Kelalan assemblyman and state PKR chairman) in his letter to the state secretary in July this year, and no action was taken.}}</ref> Namun, pada masa kepemimpinan Abdul Rahman Ya'kub, Konstitusi Sarawak diamendemenkan untuk menjadikan Yang di-Pertuan Agong sebagai kepala Islam di Sarawak dan mengukuhkan hukum-hukum yang mengesahkan urusan-urusan Islam. Dengan demikian, kebijakan-kebijakan Islam dapat dirumuskan di Sarawak dan juga memungkinkan pendirian badan-badan negara bagian Islam. Undang-Undang Majlis Islam 1978 dikeluarkan untuk membentuk Pengadilan-[[Pengadilan Syariah]] di Sarawak dengan tugas mengurusi perkawinan, pengasuhan anak, [[pertunangan]], warisan dan kasus kejahatan di negara bagian tersebut. Sebuah pengadilan banding dan Pengadilan Kadi juga dibentuk.<ref name="Faisal" /><ref group=note>Faisal, 2012. Negri is empowered to make provisions for regulating Islamic affairs... (page 86)</ref>

Sarawak menjadi satu-satunya negara bagian di Malaysia dimana mayoritas penduduknya menganut agama [[Kristen]]. Misionaris-misionaris Kristen terawal di Sarawak diluncurkan oleh [[Gereja Inggris]] ([[Anglikan]]) pada 1848, disusul oleh [[Katolik Roma]] pada beberapa tahun kemudian, dan [[Methodis]] pada 1903. Misionaris-misionaris tersebut mula-mula ditempatkan pada kalangan imigran Tionghoa sebelum merambah ke animis penduduk asli.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Carlo|first1=Caldarola|title=Religions and Societies, Asia and the Middle East|date=1982|publisher=[[Walter de Gruyter]]|isbn=978-90-279-3259-4|page=481|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R1ME01zxL98C&pg=PA480&lpg=PA481|accessdate=15 December 2015}}</ref> Denominasi Kristen lainnya di Sarawak adalah [[Sidang Injil Borneo]] (SIB),<ref>{{cite web|title=SIB & BEM – A Brief Introduction to Origin of SIB|url=http://sibgrace.org/about-us/sidang.html|publisher=SIB Grace|accessdate=15 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126082044/http://sibgrace.org/about-us/sidang.html|archivedate=26 November 2013}}</ref> dan [[Baptis]].<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Baptist churches in Sarawak|url=http://www.mbc.org.my/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=37&Itemid=60|publisher=Malaysia Baptist Convention|accessdate=15 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020050431/http://www.mbc.org.my/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=37&Itemid=60|archivedate=20 October 2014}}</ref> Penduduk pribumi seperti Iban, Bidayuh, dan Orang Ulu mengadopsi Kristen meskipun mereka masih melakukan beberapa ritus agama tradisional mereka. Beberapa Muslim berasal dari kelompok etnis Melayu, Melanau, dan [[suku Kayan (Borneo)|Kayan]]. Buddha, Tao, dan agama tradisional Tionghoa umumnya dianut oleh [[Tionghoa Malaysia]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Carl|first1=Skutsch|title=Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities|date=7 November 2013|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-135-19388-1|page=781|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yXYKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA781|accessdate=15 December 2015}}</ref> Agama kecil lainnya di Sarawak adalah [[Baha'i]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Malaysia Bahai's – Sarawak|url=http://www.bahai.org.my/sarawak.html|website=bahai.org.my|accessdate=1 April 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331125648/http://bahai.org.my/sarawak.html|archivedate=31 March 2016}}</ref> [[Hindu]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chieng|first1=Connie|title=Sarawak is a blessed land of harmony|url=http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/48486/Sarawak-is-a-blessed-land-of-harmony/|accessdate=1 April 2016|publisher=New Sarawak Tribune|date=17 August 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401152839/http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/48486/Sarawak-is-a-blessed-land-of-harmony/|archivedate=1 April 2016}}</ref> [[Sikh]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Sikh Temple|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/sikh-temple/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=1 April 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310162532/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/sikh-temple/|archivedate=10 March 2016 }}</ref> dan [[animisme]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Animism is alive and well in South-East Asia: What can we learn?|url=http://www.pravdareport.com/hotspots/disasters/24-03-2014/127152-animism-0/|accessdate=1 April 2016|publisher=[[Pravda.ru]]|date=24 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401154021/http://www.pravdareport.com/hotspots/disasters/24-03-2014/127152-animism-0/|archivedate=1 April 2016}}</ref>

Berikut adalah banyaknya penduduk Sarawak menurut agama yang dianut, berdasarkan data sensus Malaysia 2020:<ref name="SENSUS2020">{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Population/files/census2020/Taburan_Penduduk_dan_Ciri-ciri_Asas_Demografi.pdf |title=Taburan Penduduk dan Ciri-ciri Asas Demografi |publisher=Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia |page=51, 103-108|access-date=14 Oktober 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113165406/http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Population/files/census2010/Taburan_Penduduk_dan_Ciri-ciri_Asas_Demografi.pdf |archive-date=14 Oktober 2022|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+Penduduk berdasarkan agama di Sarawak (2020)
|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! rowspan=2 | No
! rowspan=2 | Agama
! colspan=2 | Sensus Malaysia 2020
|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! Jumlah
! %
|-
| 1
| [[Kristen]]
! style="text-align: right;" | 1.229.653
! style="text-align: right;" | 50,11%
|-
| 2
| [[Islam]]
| style="text-align: right;" | 838.555
| style="text-align: right;" | 34,18%
|-
| 3
| [[Agama Buddha|Buddha]]
| style="text-align: right;" | 314.679
| style="text-align: right;" | 12,82%
|-
| 4
| [[Hindu]]
| style="text-align: right;" | 3.421
| style="text-align: right;" | 0,14%
|-
| 5
| Agama lainnya
| style="text-align: right;" | 13.409
| style="text-align: right;" | 0,55%
|-
| 6
| Tanpa agama
| style="text-align: right;" | 37.389
| style="text-align: right;" | 1,52%
|-
| 7
| Tidak diketahui
| style="text-align: right;" | 16.571
| style="text-align: right;" | 0,68%
|-
| 
| Sarawak
| style="text-align: right;" | '''2.453.677'''
| style="text-align: right;" | '''100%'''
|}

=== Bahasa ===
[[Berkas:Sarawak Families Languages.png|jmpl|ka|Persebaran rumpun bahasa di Sarawak yang ditampilkan menurut warna:<br /><small>(klik gambar untuk memperbesar)</small>
{{legend|#FF006E|[[rumpun bahasa Melayik|Melayik]]}}
{{legend|#FF984F|[[rumpun bahasa Borneo Utara|Borneo Utara]]}}
{{legend|#00FF90|[[rumpun bahasa Dayak Darat|Dayak Darat]]}}
{{legend|#A0A0A0|Kawasan dengan beragam bahasa}}]]

Inggris adalah bahasa tunggal resmi Sarawak dari 1963 sampai 1974 karena ketua menteri pertama Sarawak Stephen Kalong Ningkan menentang penggunaan bahasa Melayu di Sarawak.<ref name=Ibanmalaysian>{{cite book|last1=John|first1=Postill|title=Media and Nation Building: How the Iban became Malaysian|date=15 May 2006|publisher=[[Berghahn Books]]|isbn=978-0-85745-687-8|page=58|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-5_gtJQFin4C&pg=PA59|accessdate=13 November 2015|quote=because of his strong defence of English as the language of instruction in Sarawak&nbsp;... ,(page 58)}}</ref> Pada 1974, ketua menteri baru Abdul Rahman Ya'kub mengadopsi bahasa Melayu dan Inggris sebagai dua bahasa resmi Sarawak.<ref name="Faisal" /><ref group=note>Faisal, 2012 ... to make Bahasa Malaysia and English as ''negeri''{{'s}} official languages. (page 84)</ref> Ia juga mengubah bahasa pengantar pelajaran di sekolah-sekokah dari Inggris ke Melayu.<ref>{{cite news|title=Former Education Minister Calls For Return To Teaching Maths, Science In BM|url=http://education.bernama.com/index.php?sid=news_content&id=371208|accessdate=13 November 2015|publisher=Bernama|date=12 November 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711152042/http://education.bernama.com/index.php?sid=news_content&id=371208|archivedate=11 July 2011}}</ref> Saat ini, Inggris digunakan dalam pengadilan, majelis legislatif, dan agensi-agensi pemerintahan tertentu di Sarawak.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sulok|first1=Tawie|title=Usage of English, native languages officially still legal in Sarawak|url=http://www.thesundaily.my/news/299416|accessdate=13 November 2015|publisher=The Sun Daily|date=20 February 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113112711/http://www.thesundaily.my/news/299416|archivedate=13 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=My Constitution – Sabah and Sarawak|url=http://www.malaysianbar.org.my/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=2849|publisher=[[Malaysian Bar]]|accessdate=13 November 2015|quote=English was the official language of the State Legislative Assemblies and Courts in Sabah and Sarawak on Malaysia Day, 16 September 1963. Any change of the official language to Bahasa Melayu can only become effective when the State Legislative Assembly of Sabah or Sarawak agrees to adopt federal laws that make Bahasa Melayu the official language.}}</ref> Pada 18 November 2015, Ketua Menteri Sarawak Adenan Satem mengumumkan adopsi bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa resmi Sarawak, bersama dengan [[bahasa Malaysia|Melayu]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ogilvy|first1=Geryl|title=Sarawak to recognise English as official language besides Bahasa Malaysia|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/11/18/sarawak-to-recognise-english-as-official-language-besides-bahasa-malaysia/|accessdate=2 April 2016|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=18 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305082141/http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/11/18/sarawak-to-recognise-english-as-official-language-besides-bahasa-malaysia/|archivedate=5 March 2016 }}</ref>

Bahasa Melayu, yang dikenal sebagai ''Bahasa Sarawak'' (atau [[bahasa Melayu Sarawak]]), adalah bahasa utama Melayu Sarawak dan suku pribumi lainnya. Bahasa Sarawak adalah sebuah dialek berbeda dari yang dipakai di [[Malaysia Barat|Semenanjung Malaysia]]. Bahasa Iban juga dipakai 34 persen populasi Sarawak sementara bahasa Bidayuh, dengan enam dialek utama, dipakai oleh 10 persen populasi. Orang Ulu memiliki sekitar 30 dialek bahasa yang berbeda. Tionghoa umumnya menggunakan [[Tionghoa Standar]] meskipun mereka juga memakai beberapa dialek berbeda seperti Hokkien, Hakka, Foochow, dan Teochew.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sarawak, a land of many tongues|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2010/12/23/sarawak-a-land-of-many-tongues/|accessdate=13 November 2015|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=23 December 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113120315/http://www.theborneopost.com/2010/12/23/sarawak-a-land-of-many-tongues/|archivedate=13 November 2015}}</ref>

== Budaya ==
{{Main|Budaya Sarawak}}
[[Berkas:Sape Player, Kayan Tribe, Sarawak (7246809770).jpg|jmpl|ka|Seorang anggota suku [[Kayan (Borneo)|Kayan]] sedang memainkan Sapeh]]
[[Berkas:Ngajat, the Iban's Warrior Dance.jpg|jmpl|kiri|''Ngajat'', tari prajurit Iban ditampilkan sebagai bagian dari budaya Sarawak.]]
[[Berkas:Laksa Sarawak.JPG|jmpl|ka|Semangkuk [[laksa]] Sarawak]]
Sarawak memamerkan keragamaan menonjol dalam hal etnisitas, budaya, dan bahasa. Budaya Sarawak telah dipengaruhi oleh Melayu Brunei dari kawasan pesisir. Pengaruh budaya substansial juga datang dari budaya Tionghoa dan Inggris. Pemburuan kepala adalah salah satu tradisi penting untuk suku Iban, meskipun kebiasaan tersebut tak lagi dilakukan
.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Metom|first1=Lily|title=Emotion Concepts of the Ibans in Sarawak|date=31 January 2013|publisher=Patridge Singapore|isbn=978-1-4828-9731-9|page=22|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cX3XAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA22|accessdate=12 January 2016|quote=Nevertheless, all these ancient customs pertaining to headhunting are no longer observed in these modern days.}}</ref> Kristen memainkan peran penting dalam kehidupan sehari-hari Kelabit dan Lun Bawang dan telah mengubah identitas etnis mereka.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Platzdasch|first1=Bernhard|last2=Saravanamuttu|first2=Johan|title=Religious Diversity in Muslim-majority States in Southeast Asia: Areas of Toleration and Conflict|date=6 August 2014|publisher=[[Institute of Southeast Asian Studies]] (ISEAS)|isbn=978-981-4519-64-9|page=383|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ThpBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA383|accessdate=26 December 2015}}</ref>
[[Suku Penan]] adalah suku pribumi terakhir yang meninggalkan gaya hidup nomadik mereka di hutan.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kaur|first1=Jeswan|title=Penan slowly abandoning their nomadic way of life|url=http://www.bt.com.bn/life/2007/12/16/penan_slowly_abandoning_their_nomadic_way_of_life|accessdate=26 December 2015|publisher=The Brunei Times|date=16 December 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226090855/http://www.bt.com.bn/life/2007/12/16/penan_slowly_abandoning_their_nomadic_way_of_life|archivedate=26 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title='Equal treatment for Penan community'|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/03/01/equal-treatment-for-penan-community/|accessdate=26 December 2015|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=1 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226091139/http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/03/01/equal-treatment-for-penan-community/|archivedate=2015-12-26|dead-url=no}}</ref> Pernikahan antar-ras adalah hal umum di negara bagian tersebut.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Switow|first1=Michael|title=Interracial marriage blossoms in Malaysia|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0209/p13s02-lifp.html|accessdate=12 January 2016|publisher=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]|date=9 February 2005|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930105909/http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0209/p13s02-lifp.html|archivedate=30 September 2015}}</ref>

Desa Kebudayaan Sarawak terletak di kaki Gunung Santubong, Kuching. Dikenal sebagai "museum hidup", tempat tersebut menunjukkan berbagai kelompok etnis yang melakukan aktivitas tradisional mereka di rumah tradisional mereka masing-masing. Penampilan-penampilan kebudayaan juga dipersembahkan disana.<ref name="SCVMain">{{cite web|title=Explore Sarawak in Half a Day|url=http://www.scv.com.my/main.asp|publisher=Sarawak Cultural Village|accessdate=26 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151207151953/http://www.scv.com.my/main.asp|archivedate=7 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sarawak Cultural Village|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/sarawak-cultural-village-svc/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=26 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226093807/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/sarawak-cultural-village-svc/|archivedate=26 December 2015}}</ref> [[Museum Sarawak]] menyimpan koleksi artefak seperti tembikar, tekstil, dan ukiran kayu dari berbagai kelompok etnis di Sarawak, dan juga material-material etnografi dari budaya-budaya lokal.<ref>{{cite web|title=Malaysian Borneo's Muzium Sarawak: A Colonial Legacy in Postcolonial Context|url=https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/malaysia/malaysian-borneos-muzium-sarawak-colonial-legacy-p|publisher=[[Cultural Survival]]|accessdate=26 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005012910/http://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/malaysia/malaysian-borneos-muzium-sarawak-colonial-legacy-p|archivedate=5 October 2015}}</ref> Terdapat juga serangkaian benteng-benteng terkenal di Sarawak yang dibangun pada masa rezim Brooke seperti Benteng Margherita.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fort Margherita|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/fort-margherita/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=26 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226120424/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/fort-margherita/|archivedate=26 December 2015}}</ref> Alun-Alun utama dan Jalan Tukang Kayu adalah dua jalan terkenal di Chinatown, Kuching.<ref>{{cite web|title=Main Bazaar and Carpenter Street|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/main-bazaar-carpenter-street/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=26 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024033212/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/main-bazaar-carpenter-street/|archivedate=24 October 2015}}</ref> Jalan India di Kuching terkenal karena produk-produk tekstilnya. Sebuah masjid Muslim{{ndash}}India dapat ditemukan di kawasan tersebut.<ref>{{cite web|title=India Street, Kuching|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/india-street/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=26 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207212243/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/india-street/|archivedate=7 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kuching's India Street withstands the test of time|url=http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/678/Kuchings-India-street-withstands-the-test-of-time/|accessdate=26 December 2015|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=21 February 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226123036/http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/678/Kuchings-India-street-withstands-the-test-of-time/|archivedate=26 December 2015}}</ref> Sapeh Orang Ulu (sebuah gitar tanpa lubang) merupakan alat musik tradisional terkenal di Sarawak. Alat musik tersebut dimainkan untuk Ratu [[Elizabeth II]] saat kunjungan resminya ke Sarawak pada 1972.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ringgit|first1=Danielle Sendou|title=From dreams into the mainstream|url=http://seeds.theborneopost.com/2015/08/26/from-dreams-into-the-mainstream/|accessdate=31 December 2015|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=26 August 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231005116/http://seeds.theborneopost.com/2015/08/26/from-dreams-into-the-mainstream/|archivedate=31 December 2015|quote= Aside from that, the late Tusau Padan performed for Queen Elizabeth during her official visit to Sarawak in 1972,&nbsp;...}}</ref>

Tradisi lisan telah menjadi bgian dari budaya berbagai penduduk asli di Sarawak dari generasi ke generasi.<ref name="Oral traditions">{{cite book|last1=Pandian|first1=A|last2=Ching Ling|first2=L|last3=Ai Lin|first3=T|title=New Literacies: Reconstructing Language and Education|date=16 October 2014|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=978-1-4438-6956-0|pages=95–97|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gzxQBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA97|accessdate=1 January 2016|chapter=Chapter VII – Developing Literacy and Knowledge, Preservation skills among Remote Rural Children}}</ref><ref group=note>Pandian, 2014. it became the primary means of passing culture, history, and valued traditions. ... in the fact that oral literature is actualised only in performances; (page 95)</ref> Beberapa praktik tradisional tersebut adalah tari Ngajat Iban,<ref>{{cite web|title=Tarian Ngajat Identiti Istimewa Masyarakat Iban (Ngajat dances a special identity for the Ibans)|url=http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/budaya/6645-tarian-ngajat-identiti-istimewa-masyarakat-iban-.html|publisher=Jabatan Penerangan Malaysia (Malaysian Ministry of Information)|accessdate=31 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150425041224/http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/budaya/6645-tarian-ngajat-identiti-istimewa-masyarakat-iban-.html|archivedate=25 April 2015 }}</ref> ''Renong'' (repertori vokal Iban),<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nie|first1=C.L.K|last2=Durin|first2=A|title=Renong, An Iban Vocal Repertory (Conference paper)|url=http://ir.unimas.my/2557/|publisher=Universiti Malaysia Sarawak|accessdate=31 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231081606/http://ir.unimas.my/2557/|archivedate=31 December 2015}}</ref> ''Ensera'' (repertori vokal Iban),<ref name=Ibanmalaysian/><ref group=note>Postill, 2006. ... four were oral narratives ... (page 51)</ref> dan pengisahan epik oleh Kayan dan Kenyah.<ref>{{cite book|last1=MacDonald|first1=M.R.|title=Traditional Storytelling Today: An International Sourcebook|date=16 December 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-91721-0|page=208|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IFNcAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT208|accessdate=1 January 2016|chapter=The tradition of storytelling in Malaysia|quote=The Kayan and the Kenyah, who dwell in the upper region of Sarawak, have a vibrant epic-telling tradition that is elaborate and specialised.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Law|first1=Daryll|title=Preserve traditional culture for prosperity, Iban's urged|url=http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/13258/Preserve-traditional-culture-for-prosperity-Ibans-urged/|accessdate=31 December 2015|publisher=New Sarawak Tribune|date=14 October 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231053701/http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/13258/Preserve-traditional-culture-for-prosperity-Ibans-urged/|archivedate=31 December 2015}}</ref> Biro Kesusastraan Borneo berdiri dari 1958 sampai 1977; biro tersebut menyimpan dokumentasi budaya-budaya lokal, pengarang-pengarang lokal, dan publikasi-publikasi dalam bahasa Inggris, Tionghoa, Melayu, Iban dan bahasa-bahasa asli lainnya. Biro tersebut digantikan oleh [[Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka]] (DBP) pada 1977, yang hanya mengadvokasikan publikasi dalam bahasa Melayu.<ref name=Ibanmalaysian/><ref group=note>Postill, 2006. ;... to encourage local authorship and meet local needs&nbsp;... (page 51) ... The Bureau ceased to exist in 1977 when it was taken over by the federal body Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.(page 55) ... He concludes that DBP cannot publish books in regional languages (pages 59 and 60)</ref> ''Sarawak Gazette'' mula-mula diterbitkan oleh pemerintah Brooke pada 1870. Publikasi tersebut mencatat berbagai berita di Sarawak terkait ekonomi, pertanian, antropologi, dan arkeologi. ''Gazette'' masih dipublikasikan sampai sekarang.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sarawak Gazette now available online|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/07/31/sarawak-gazette-now-available-online/|accessdate=5 January 2016|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=31 July 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509202403/http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/07/31/sarawak-gazette-now-available-online|archivedate=9 May 2015}}</ref> ''Hikayat Panglima Nikosa'', yang dicetak pada 1876 di Kuching, adalah salah satu publikasi teks terawal di Kalimantan.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Walker|first1=J.H|title=Hikayat Panglima Nikosa and the Sarawak Gazette: Transforming Texts in Nineteenth Century Sarawak|journal=[[Modern Asian Studies]]|date=13 April 2005|volume=39|issue=2|page=427|doi=10.1017/S0026749X04001507|url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=293102|accessdate=13 January 2016}}</ref> Hidangan-hidangan terkenal di negara bagian tersebut meliputi [[laksa]] Sarawak,<ref>{{cite news|title=Best Sarawak Laksa in Kuching|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/food/article/best-sarawak-laksa-in-kuching|accessdate=3 January 2016|publisher=The Malaysian Insider|date=29 April 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150808212857/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/food/article/best-sarawak-laksa-in-kuching|archivedate=8 August 2015}}</ref> kolo mee,<ref>{{cite news|title=Kolo mee, a Sarawak favourite, any time of day|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/food/article/kolo-mee-a-sarawak-favourite-any-time-of-day|accessdate=3 January 2016|publisher=The Malaysian Insider|date=14 September 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309141249/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/food/article/kolo-mee-a-sarawak-favourite-any-time-of-day|archivedate=9 March 2014}}</ref> dan [[ayam pansuh]].<ref>{{cite news|title='Ayam pansuh' — A Sarawak exotic delicacy loved by many (VIDEO)|url=http://www.themalaymailonline.com/eat-drink/article/ayam-pansuh-a-sarawak-exotic-delicacy-loved-by-many-video|accessdate=3 January 2016|publisher=The Malay Mail|date=28 June 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701010809/http://www.themalaymailonline.com/eat-drink/article/ayam-pansuh-a-sarawak-exotic-delicacy-loved-by-many-video|archivedate=1 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sarawak Top 10 Iconic Food|url=http://blog.sarawaktourism.com/2012/08/sarawak-top-10-iconic-food.html|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=3 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715180712/http://blog.sarawaktourism.com/2012/08/sarawak-top-10-iconic-food.html|archivedate=15 July 2015}}</ref> Negara bagian tersebut juga dikenal karena hidangan penutup [[Kek Lapis Sarawak]]-nya.<ref>{{cite news|title=Singer Deja Moss' real passion is Sarawak layered cakes|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/metro/metro-biz/2015/03/24/baking-takes-the-cake-singer-deja-moss-real-passion-is-sarawak-layered-cakes/|accessdate=3 January 2016|publisher=The Star (Malaysia)|date=24 March 2015}}</ref> Pemerintah Sarawak sangat meyakini pengaruhnya pada media.<ref name=Ibanmalaysian/><ref group=note>Postill, 2006. ... the government controls virtually all newspapers in Sarawak (page 76)</ref>

Masyarakat Sarawak merayakan sejumlah hari libur dan perayaan sepanjang tahun.<ref>{{cite web|title=Public Holidays 2015|url=http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/198/276/|publisher=The Sarawak Government|accessdate=7 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907173458/http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/198/276/|archivedate=7 September 2015}}</ref> Selain perayaan nasional [[Hari Merdeka]] dan [[Hari Malaysia]], negara bagian tersebut juga merayakan Hari Pemerintahan Sendiri Sarawak pada 22 Juli<ref>{{cite news|title=TYT, CM attend state's 52nd anniversary of independence|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/07/23/tyt-cm-attend-states-52nd-anniversary-of-independence/|accessdate=7 January 2016|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=23 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811061745/http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/07/23/tyt-cm-attend-states-52nd-anniversary-of-independence/|archivedate=11 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Hunter|first1=M|title=Sarawak's "Independence Day"|url=http://asiapacific.anu.edu.au/newmandala/2013/07/27/sarawaks-independence-day/|publisher=New Mandala (Australian National University)|accessdate=7 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725120609/http://asiapacific.anu.edu.au/newmandala/2013/07/27/sarawaks-independence-day/|archivedate=25 July 2015}}</ref> dan hari ulang tahun Gubernur Negara Bagian tersebut.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pomp celebrations for Sarawak Governor's birthday|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/videos/2015/09/12/pomp-celebrations-for-sarawak-governors-birthday/|accessdate=8 January 2016|publisher=The Star (Malaysia)|date=12 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108005545/http://www.thestar.com.my/videos/2015/09/12/pomp-celebrations-for-sarawak-governors-birthday/|archivedate=2016-01-08|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Kelompok-kelompok etnis juga merayakan perayaan mereka sendiri. Tradisi open house memperbolehkan kelompok-kelompok etnis lainnya untuk ikut dalam sebuah perayaan.<ref>{{cite news|title=CM and wife to have Hari Raya open house at BCCK|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/07/15/cm-and-wife-to-have-hari-raya-open-house-at-bcck/|accessdate=7 January 2016|publisher=15 July 2015|date=15 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911004812/http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/07/15/cm-and-wife-to-have-hari-raya-open-house-at-bcck/|archivedate=2016-09-11|dead-url=unfit}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Aubrey|first1=S|title=1,000 throng Manyin's Gawai Dayak open house|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/06/09/1000-throng-manyins-gawai-dayak-open-house/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108003304/http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/06/09/1000-throng-manyins-gawai-dayak-open-house/|archivedate=8 January 2016|accessdate=8 January 2016|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=9 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=KTS holds Chinese New Year Open House in Bintulu|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/03/09/kts-holds-chinese-new-year-open-house-in-bintulu/|accessdate=8 January 2016|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=9 March 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151216194917/http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/03/09/kts-holds-chinese-new-year-open-house-in-bintulu/|archivedate=16 December 2015}}</ref> Sarawak adalah satu-satunya negara bagian di Malaysia yang mendeklarasikan perayaan Gawai Dayak sebagai hari libur.<ref>{{cite web|title=Public Holiday in Sarawak in conjunctions with the Gawai Dayak Celebration|url=http://www.mkm.edu.my/index.php/en/news-announcement-archive/2-uncategorised/862-cuti-umum-sempena-perayaan-hari-gawai-dayak-negeri-sarawak|publisher=Co-operative College in Malaysia|accessdate=8 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108003956/http://www.mkm.edu.my/index.php/en/news-announcement-archive/2-uncategorised/862-cuti-umum-sempena-perayaan-hari-gawai-dayak-negeri-sarawak|archivedate=8 January 2016}}</ref>

Sarawak mengirim tim mereka sendiri untuk ikut dalam [[British Empire and Commonwealth Games]] [[British Empire and Commonwealth Games 1958|1958]] dan [[British Empire and Commonwealth Games 1962|1962]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Commonwealth Games Federation – Countries – Sarawak|url=https://archive.org/details/FormerCommonwealthCountriesSarawak|publisher=Commonwealth Games Federation|accessdate=11 January 2016}}</ref> dan [[Asian Games 1962]] sebelum atlet-atletnya mulai mewakili Malaysia setelah 1963.<ref>{{cite news|title=Japan top the list with 73 'golds'|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19620905-1.2.129.4.aspx|accessdate=11 January 2016|publisher=[[The Straits Times]]|date=5 September 1962}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jakarta 1962|url=http://www.ocasia.org/Game/GameParticular.aspx?SYCXGjC0df+J2ChZBk5tvA==|publisher=Olympic Council of Asia|accessdate=11 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101050016/http://www.ocasia.org/Game/GameParticular.aspx?SYCXGjC0df+J2ChZBk5tvA==|archivedate=1 January 2016 }}</ref> Sarawak menjadi tuan rumah [[SUKMA Games]] Malaysia pada 1990 dan 2016.<ref>{{cite news|title=S'wak to host Sukma in 2016 — Khairy|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/09/04/swak-to-host-sukma-in-2016-khairy/|accessdate=11 January 2016|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=4 September 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111074735/http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/09/04/swak-to-host-sukma-in-2016-khairy/|archivedate=11 January 2016}}</ref> Negara bagian tersebut menjadi juara pada SUKMA Games 1990, 1992, dan 1994.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Pail|first1=Salena|title=CM revs up momentum for 2016 S'wak Sukma|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/10/22/cm-revs-up-momentum-for-2016-swak-sukma/|accessdate=11 January 2016|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=22 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111075335/http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/10/22/cm-revs-up-momentum-for-2016-swak-sukma/|archivedate=11 January 2016}}</ref> Sarawak juga menjadi juara selama 11 tahun berturut-turut di [[Malaysia Para Games]] sejak 1994.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bong|first1=Karen|title=Major boost for paralympic athletes|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/12/14/major-boost-for-paralympic-athletes/|accessdate=11 January 2016|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=14 December 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150731154127/http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/12/14/major-boost-for-paralympic-athletes/|archivedate=31 July 2015}}</ref>

== Kutipan ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

== Referensi ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Pranala luar ==
{{sister project links|collapsible=true|wikt=no|q=no|n=no|v=no|voy=Sarawak}}
* [http://www.sarawaktourism.com/ Sarawak] at Sarawak Tourism Board
* [http://lawnet.sarawak.gov.my/lawnet/Law/TLnetPublishedOrdList.jsp?LTyp=All Laws of Sarawak]
* [http://www.lonelyplanet.com/malaysia/malaysian-borneo-sarawak Sarawak] at [[Lonely Planet]]
<!-- why blacklisted?* [http://www.mapsofworld.com/malaysia/states/sarawak-map.html Map: Districts of Sarawak]-->
{{Clear}}

{{Geographic Location
|Centre    = Sarawak
|North     = ''[[Laut Tiongkok Selatan]]''
|Northeast = [[Distrik Belait|Belait]], [[Distrik Brunei-Muara|Brunei-Muara]], [[Distrik Temburong|Temburong]] dan [[Distrik Tutong|Tutong]], {{flag|Brunei}}<br />[[Sabah]]
|East      = [[Kalimantan Utara]], {{flag|Indonesia}}
|Southeast = [[Kalimantan Timur]], {{flag|Indonesia}}
|South     = [[Kalimantan Barat]], {{flag|Indonesia}}
|West      = ''[[Laut Tiongkok Selatan]]''
}}

{{Sarawak}}
{{Malaysia}}
{{Asia Tenggara}}

[[Kategori:Sarawak| ]]
[[Kategori:Negara bagian di Malaysia]]