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Dinasti Ghuriyah: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Baris 1: Baris 1:
{{Infobox former country
{{Infobox former country
|conventional_long_name = Kesultanan Ghuriyah
| conventional_long_name = Kesultanan Ghuriyah
|common_name = Ghuriyah
| common_name = Ghuriyah
|year_start = sebelum 879
| year_start = sebelum 879
|year_end = 1215
| year_end = 1215
|date_start =
| date_start =
|date_end =
| date_end =
|event_start =
| event_start =
|event_end =
| event_end =
|p1 = Ghaznawiyah
| p1 = Ghaznawiyah
|flag_p1 = Ghaznavid Empire 975 - 1187 (AD).PNG
| flag_p1 = Ghaznavid Empire 975 - 1187 (AD).PNG
|p2 = Kesultanan Seljuk Raya
| p2 = Kesultanan Seljuk Raya
|flag_p2 = Seljuk Empire locator map.svg
| flag_p2 = Seljuk Empire locator map.svg
|p3 = Dinasti Gurjara-Pratihara
| p3 = Dinasti Gurjara-Pratihara
|p4 =
| p4 =
|s1 = Kesultanan Delhi
| s1 = Kesultanan Delhi
|flag_s1 = Delhi Sultanate Flag.svg
| flag_s1 = Delhi Sultanate Flag.svg
|s2 = Kekaisaran Khwarezmia
| s2 = Kekaisaran Khwarezmia
|flag_s2 = Khwarezmian Empire 1190 - 1220 (AD).PNG
| flag_s2 = Khwarezmian Empire 1190 - 1220 (AD).PNG
|image_map = Ghurids1200.png
| image_map = Ghurids1200.png
|image_map_caption = Peta terluas Dinasti Ghuriyah di bawah pemerintahan [[Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |page=147, map XIV.3 (g)|isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=185}}</ref>
| image_map_caption = Peta terluas Dinasti Ghuriyah di bawah pemerintahan [[Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |page=147, map XIV.3 (g)|isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=185}}</ref>
|image_flag =
| image_flag =
|image_coat =
| image_coat =
|coa_size =
| coa_size =
|religion = {{small|Sebelum 1011''':'''}}<br />[[Buddha]]<ref name="Chandra" /><br/>{{small|From 1011''':'''}}<br />[[Islam Sunni]]<ref name="Nizami178">''The Ghurids'', K.A. Nizami, ''History of Civilizations of Central Asia'', Vol.4, Part 1, ed. M.S. Asimov and C.E. Bosworth, (Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1999), 178.</ref>
| religion = {{small|Sebelum 1011''':'''}}<br />[[Buddha]]<ref name="Chandra" /><br/>{{small|From 1011''':'''}}<br />[[Islam Sunni]]<ref name="Nizami178">''The Ghurids'', K.A. Nizami, ''History of Civilizations of Central Asia'', Vol.4, Part 1, ed. M.S. Asimov and C.E. Bosworth, (Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1999), 178.</ref>
|capital = [[Firozkoh]]<ref>[http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1000_1099/ghaznavids/ghur/ghur.html Firoz Koh in Ghur (a region to the west of Ghazni), the Ghurids' summer capital]</ref><br/>[[Herat]]<ref name="Heratcapital"/><br/>[[Ghazni]] <small>(1170s–1215)</small><ref name="Ghazcapital"/>
| capital = [[Firozkoh]]<ref>[http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1000_1099/ghaznavids/ghur/ghur.html Firoz Koh in Ghur (a region to the west of Ghazni), the Ghurids' summer capital]</ref><br/>[[Herat]]<ref name="Heratcapital"/><br/>[[Ghazni]] <small>(1170s–1215)</small><ref name="Ghazcapital"/>
|government_type = [[Monarki herediter]]
| government_type = [[Monarki herediter]]
| legislature =
|legislature =
| title_leader = Malik/Sultan
|title_leader = Malik/Sultan
| leader1 = [[Amir Suri]] <small>(first)</small>
|leader1 = [[Amir Suri]] <small>(first)</small>
| leader2 = [[Ala al-Din Ali]] <small>(last)</small>
|leader2 = [[Ala al-Din Ali]] <small>(last)</small>
| year_leader1 = Abad ke-9 – Abad ke-10
|year_leader1 = Abad ke-9 – Abad ke-10
| year_leader2 = 1214–1215
|year_leader2 = 1214–1215
| year_deputy1 =
⚫
| stat_year1 = sek. 1200.<ref name="OxfordArea">{{Cite book|last1=Bang|first1=Peter Fibiger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9mkLEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA92|title=The Oxford World History of Empire: Volume One: The Imperial Experience|last2=Bayly|first2=C. A.|last3=Scheidel|first3=Walter|date=2020-12-02|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-977311-4|location=|pages=92–94|language=en}}</ref>
|year_deputy1 =
⚫
| stat_area1 = 2000000
⚫
|stat_year1 = sek. 1200.<ref name="OxfordArea">{{Cite book|last1=Bang|first1=Peter Fibiger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9mkLEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA92|title=The Oxford World History of Empire: Volume One: The Imperial Experience|last2=Bayly|first2=C. A.|last3=Scheidel|first3=Walter|date=2020-12-02|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-977311-4|location=|pages=92–94|language=en}}</ref>
⚫
| common_languages = [[Bahasa Persia|Persian]] <small>(court)</small><ref>''The Development of Persian Culture under the Early Ghaznavids'', C.E. Bosworth, '''Iran''', Vol. 6, (1968), 35;;"Like the Ghaznavids whom they supplanted, the Ghurids had their court poets, and these wrote in '''Persian'''"</ref>
⚫
|stat_area1 = 2000000
⚫
| today = <br>{{flag|Afghanistan}}<br>{{flag|Tajikistan}}<br>{{flag|Pakistan}}<br>{{flag|India}}<br>{{flag|Nepal}}<br>{{flag|Bangladesh}}<br >{{flag|Iran}}<br>{{flag|Uzbekistan}}<br />{{flag|Turkmenistan}}<br />
⚫
|common_languages = [[Bahasa Persia|Persian]] <small>(court)</small><ref>''The Development of Persian Culture under the Early Ghaznavids'', C.E. Bosworth, '''Iran''', Vol. 6, (1968), 35;;"Like the Ghaznavids whom they supplanted, the Ghurids had their court poets, and these wrote in '''Persian'''"</ref>
⚫
|today = {{flag|Tajikistan}}<br>{{flag|Afghanistan}}<br>{{flag|Pakistan}}<br>{{flag|India}}<br>{{flag|Nepal}}<br>{{flag|Bangladesh}}<br >{{flag|Iran}}<br>{{flag|Uzbekistan}}<br />{{flag|Turkmenistan}}<br />
{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
}}
}}

Revisi terkini sejak 27 Mei 2024 09.57

Kesultanan Ghuriyah

sebelum 879–1215
Peta terluas Dinasti Ghuriyah di bawah pemerintahan Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad.[1]
Peta terluas Dinasti Ghuriyah di bawah pemerintahan Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad.[1]
Ibu kotaFirozkoh[2]
Herat[3]
Ghazni (1170s–1215)[4]
Bahasa yang umum digunakanPersian (court)[5]
Agama
Sebelum 1011:
Buddha[6]
From 1011:
Islam Sunni[7]
PemerintahanMonarki herediter
Malik/Sultan 
• Abad ke-9 – Abad ke-10
Amir Suri (first)
• 1214–1215
Ala al-Din Ali (last)
Sejarah 
• Didirikan
sebelum 879
• Dibubarkan
1215
Luas
sek. 1200.[8]2.000.000 km2 (770.000 sq mi)
Didahului oleh		 Digantikan oleh
Ghaznawiyah
kslKesultanan
Seljuk Raya
dnsDinasti
Gurjara-Pratihara
kslKesultanan
Delhi
ksrKekaisaran
Khwarezmia
Sekarang bagian dari
 Afghanistan
 Tajikistan
 Pakistan
 India
   Nepal
 Bangladesh
 Iran
 Uzbekistan
 Turkmenistan
 Kyrgyzstan
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Dinasti Ghuriyah (bahasa Persia: سلسله غوریان; sebutan diri: شنسبانی, Shansabānī) adalah dinasti Iran asal dari Ghor wilayah kini tengah Afghanistan, tetapi asal-usul etnis tidak diketahui pasti. Dinasti ini memeluk Islam Sunni dari agama Buddha, setelah penaklukan Ghuriyah oleh sultan Ghaznawiyah pada tahun 1011. Dinasti ini menggulingkan Kekaisaran Ghaznawiyah pada tahun 1186 ketika Sultan Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad dari Ghuriyah menaklukkan ibu kota terakhir Ghaznawiyah di Lahore.

Pada puncaknya, Ghuriyah meliputi Khorasan di barat dan mencapai India utara sampai sejauh Bengal di timur. Ibukota pertama mereka adalah Firozkoh di Mandesh, Ghor, yang kemudian digantikan oleh Herat, dan akhirnya Ghazna. Abu Ali ibn Muhammad (memerintah 1011-1035) adalah raja Muslim pertama dari dinasti Ghuriyah yang membangun masjid dan sekolah Islam di Ghor.

Ghuriyah digantikan oleh dinasti Mamluk di Kekaisaran Khwarezmia yang menguasai Khorasan dan Persia dan Kesultanan Delhi di India utara.

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

[6] [3] [4]

  1. ^ Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. hlm. 147, map XIV.3 (g). ISBN 0226742210. 
  2. ^ Firoz Koh in Ghur (a region to the west of Ghazni), the Ghurids' summer capital
  3. ^ a b Firuzkuh: the summer capital of the Ghurids, by David Thomas, pg. 18.
  4. ^ a b The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture: Three-volume set, by Jonathan Bloom, Sheila Blair, pg. 108.
  5. ^ The Development of Persian Culture under the Early Ghaznavids, C.E. Bosworth, Iran, Vol. 6, (1968), 35;;"Like the Ghaznavids whom they supplanted, the Ghurids had their court poets, and these wrote in Persian"
  6. ^ a b Satish Chandra, Medieval India:From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526), Part 1, (Har-Anand Publications, 2006), 22.
  7. ^ The Ghurids, K.A. Nizami, History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Vol.4, Part 1, ed. M.S. Asimov and C.E. Bosworth, (Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1999), 178.
  8. ^ Bang, Peter Fibiger; Bayly, C. A.; Scheidel, Walter (2020-12-02). The Oxford World History of Empire: Volume One: The Imperial Experience (dalam bahasa Inggris). Oxford University Press. hlm. 92–94. ISBN 978-0-19-977311-4. 
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