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'''Enûma Elish''' merupakan mitologi penciptaan [[Babilonia]] yang ditemukan oleh [[Austen Henry Layard]] pada tahun 1849 dalam bentuk terpisah-pisah di reruntuhan [[perpustakaan Ashurbanipal]] di [[Niniwe]], [[Mosul]], [[Irak]], dan dipublikasikan oleh Assyriologist bernama George Smith tahun 1876. |
'''Enûma Elish''' merupakan mitologi penciptaan [[Babilonia]] yang ditemukan oleh [[Austen Henry Layard]] pada tahun 1849 dalam bentuk terpisah-pisah di reruntuhan [[perpustakaan Ashurbanipal]] di [[Niniwe]], [[Mosul]], [[Irak]], dan dipublikasikan oleh Assyriologist bernama George Smith tahun 1876.<ref>[[George Smith (assyriologist)|G. Smith]], "The Chaldean Account of Genesis" (London, 1876).</ref> |
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''Enûma Elish'' terdiri dari seribu baris dan dicatat dalam bahasa Babilonia kuno pada tujuh ''clay tablets'' yang masing-masing berisi antara 115 sampai 170 baris teks. |
''Enûma Elish'' terdiri dari seribu baris dan dicatat dalam bahasa Babilonia kuno pada tujuh ''clay tablets'' yang masing-masing berisi antara 115 sampai 170 baris teks.<!-- Belum diterjemahkan |
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Most of Tablet V has never been recovered, but aside from this [[Lacuna (manuscripts)|lacuna]], the text is almost complete. A duplicate copy of Tablet V has been found in [[Sultantepe]], ancient [[Huzirina]], located near the modern town of [[Şanlıurfa]] in [[Turkey]]. |
Most of Tablet V has never been recovered, but aside from this [[Lacuna (manuscripts)|lacuna]], the text is almost complete. A duplicate copy of Tablet V has been found in [[Sultantepe]], ancient [[Huzirina]], located near the modern town of [[Şanlıurfa]] in [[Turkey]]. |
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The epic names two primeval gods: [[Abzu|Apsû]] (or Abzu) and [[Tiamat]]. Several other gods are created (Ea and his brothers) who reside in Tiamat's vast body. They make so much noise that the babel or noise annoys Tiamat and Apsû greatly. Apsû wishes to kill the young gods, but Tiamat disagrees. The vizier, Mummu, agrees with Apsû's plan to destroy them. Tiamat, in order to stop this from occurring, warns Ea ([[Nudimmud]]), the most powerful of the gods. Ea uses magic to put Apsû into a coma, then kills him, and shuts Mummu out. Ea then becomes the chief god, and along with his consort [[Damgalnuna|Damkina]], has a son, [[Marduk]], greater still than himself. Marduk is given wind to play with and he uses the wind to make dust storms and tornadoes. This disrupts Tiamat's great body and causes the gods still residing inside her to be unable to sleep. |
The epic names two primeval gods: [[Abzu|Apsû]] (or Abzu) and [[Tiamat]]. Several other gods are created (Ea and his brothers) who reside in Tiamat's vast body. They make so much noise that the babel or noise annoys Tiamat and Apsû greatly. Apsû wishes to kill the young gods, but Tiamat disagrees. The vizier, Mummu, agrees with Apsû's plan to destroy them. Tiamat, in order to stop this from occurring, warns Ea ([[Nudimmud]]), the most powerful of the gods. Ea uses magic to put Apsû into a coma, then kills him, and shuts Mummu out. Ea then becomes the chief god, and along with his consort [[Damgalnuna|Damkina]], has a son, [[Marduk]], greater still than himself. Marduk is given wind to play with and he uses the wind to make dust storms and tornadoes. This disrupts Tiamat's great body and causes the gods still residing inside her to be unable to sleep. |
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They persuade Tiamat to take revenge for the death of her husband, Apsû. Her power grows, and some of the gods join her. She creates 11 monsters to help her win the battle and elevates [[Kingu]], her new husband, to "supreme dominion." A lengthy description of the other gods' inability to deal with the threat follows. Marduk offers to save the gods if he is appointed as their leader and allowed to remain so even after the threat passes. When the gods agree to Marduk's conditions he is selected as their champion against Tiamat, and becomes very powerful. Marduk challenges Tiamat to combat and destroys her. He then rips her corpse into two halves with which he fashions the earth and the skies. Marduk then creates the calendar, organizes the planets, stars and regulates the moon, sun, and weather. |
They persuade Tiamat to take revenge for the death of her husband, Apsû. Her power grows, and some of the gods join her. She creates 11 monsters to help her win the battle and elevates [[Kingu]], her new husband, to "supreme dominion." A lengthy description of the other gods' inability to deal with the threat follows. Marduk offers to save the gods if he is appointed as their leader and allowed to remain so even after the threat passes. When the gods agree to Marduk's conditions he is selected as their champion against Tiamat, and becomes very powerful. Marduk challenges Tiamat to combat and destroys her. He then rips her corpse into two halves with which he fashions the earth and the skies. Marduk then creates the calendar, organizes the planets, stars and regulates the moon, sun, and weather.<ref name="ABJ">''See:'' |
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*{{cite book |last=Foster |first=B.R. |title=From Distant Days : Myths, Tales, and Poetry of Ancient Mesopotamia |year=1995 |location=Bethesda, Md |publisher=CDL Press |volume=vi |page=438 }} |
*{{cite book |last=Foster |first=B.R. |title=From Distant Days : Myths, Tales, and Poetry of Ancient Mesopotamia |year=1995 |location=Bethesda, Md |publisher=CDL Press |volume=vi |page=438 }} |
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*{{cite book |last=Bottéro |first=J. |title=Religion in Ancient Mesopotamia |year=2004 |location=Chicago: University of Chicago Press |volume=x |page= }} |
*{{cite book |last=Bottéro |first=J. |title=Religion in Ancient Mesopotamia |year=2004 |location=Chicago: University of Chicago Press |volume=x |page= }} |
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== Edisi dan terjemahan == |
== Edisi dan terjemahan == |
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*[http://www.sacred-texts.com/ane/blc/blc07.htm The Seven Tablets of Creation], The Babylonian Legends of Creation, by E. A. Wallis Budge, [1921], at sacred-texts.com |
* [http://www.sacred-texts.com/ane/blc/blc07.htm The Seven Tablets of Creation], The Babylonian Legends of Creation, by E. A. Wallis Budge, [1921], at sacred-texts.com |
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*''Seven Tablets of Creation'', Luzac's Semitic Text and Translation Series, No 12 & 13, ISBN 978-0-404-11344-5 (1973). |
* ''Seven Tablets of Creation'', Luzac's Semitic Text and Translation Series, No 12 & 13, ISBN 978-0-404-11344-5 (1973). |
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*L. W. King, ''Enûma Eliš: The Seven Tablets of Creation'', London (1902); 1999 reprint ISBN 978-1-58509-043-3; 2002 reprint ISBN 1-4021-5905-6. |
* L. W. King, ''Enûma Eliš: The Seven Tablets of Creation'', London (1902); 1999 reprint ISBN 978-1-58509-043-3; 2002 reprint ISBN 1-4021-5905-6. |
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*Anton Deimel, ''Enûma Eliš'' (1936). |
* Anton Deimel, ''Enûma Eliš'' (1936). |
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*W. C. Lambert, S. B. Parker, ''Enûma Eliš. The Babylonian Epic of Creation'', Oxford (1966). |
* W. C. Lambert, S. B. Parker, ''Enûma Eliš. The Babylonian Epic of Creation'', Oxford (1966). |
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*D. D. Luckenbill, ''The Ashur Version of the Seven Tablets of Creation'', The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, Vol. 38, No. 1 (Oct., 1921), pp. 12-35 . |
* D. D. Luckenbill, ''The Ashur Version of the Seven Tablets of Creation'', The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, Vol. 38, No. 1 (Oct., 1921), pp. 12-35 . |
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== Lihat pula == |
== Lihat pula == |
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*[[Religions of the Ancient Near East]] |
* [[Religions of the Ancient Near East]] |
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*[[Mesopotamian pantheon]] |
* [[Mesopotamian pantheon]] |
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== Catatan == |
== Catatan == |
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== Referensi == |
== Referensi == |
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*F. N. H. Al-Rawi, J. A. Black, ''A New Manuscript of Enūma Eliš, Tablet VI'', Journal of Cuneiform Studies (1994). |
* F. N. H. Al-Rawi, J. A. Black, ''A New Manuscript of Enūma Eliš, Tablet VI'', Journal of Cuneiform Studies (1994). |
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*H. L. J. Vanstiphout, ''Enūma eliš: Tablet V Lines 15-22'', Journal of Cuneiform Studies (1981). |
* H. L. J. Vanstiphout, ''Enūma eliš: Tablet V Lines 15-22'', Journal of Cuneiform Studies (1981). |
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*B. Landsberger, J. V. Kinnier Wilson, ''The Fifth Tablet of Enuma Eliš'', Journal of Near Eastern Studies (1961). |
* B. Landsberger, J. V. Kinnier Wilson, ''The Fifth Tablet of Enuma Eliš'', Journal of Near Eastern Studies (1961). |
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*Arvid S. Kapelrud, ''The Mythological Features in Genesis Chapter I and the Author's Intentions'', Vetus Testamentum (1974) ([http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0042-4935(197404)24%3A2%3C178%3ATMFIGC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-0 jstor link]). |
* Arvid S. Kapelrud, ''The Mythological Features in Genesis Chapter I and the Author's Intentions'', Vetus Testamentum (1974) ([http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0042-4935(197404)24%3A2%3C178%3ATMFIGC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-0 jstor link]). |
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*Alexander Heidel, "Babylonian Genesis" (1951) ([http://books.google.com.kh/books?id=ge3AT4SewpgC&dq=heidel+alexander+babylonian+genesis&pg=PP1&ots=0Ww_aokgVb&sig=LOJgKz9ThCzI7pTHQLorgxVCgWg&prev=http://www.google.com.kh/search%3Fq%3DHeidel%252C%2BAlexander%2BBabylonian%2BGenesis%26ie%3Dutf-8%26oe%3Dutf-8%26aq%3Dt%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26client%3Dfirefox-a&sa=X&oi=print&ct=title&cad=one-book-with-thumbnail google books link]) |
* Alexander Heidel, "Babylonian Genesis" (1951) ([http://books.google.com.kh/books?id=ge3AT4SewpgC&dq=heidel+alexander+babylonian+genesis&pg=PP1&ots=0Ww_aokgVb&sig=LOJgKz9ThCzI7pTHQLorgxVCgWg&prev=http://www.google.com.kh/search%3Fq%3DHeidel%252C%2BAlexander%2BBabylonian%2BGenesis%26ie%3Dutf-8%26oe%3Dutf-8%26aq%3Dt%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26client%3Dfirefox-a&sa=X&oi=print&ct=title&cad=one-book-with-thumbnail google books link]) |
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== Pranala luar == |
== Pranala luar == |
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* [http://www.sacred-texts.com/ane/enuma.htm The full surviving text of the Enûma Elish] |
* [http://www.sacred-texts.com/ane/enuma.htm The full surviving text of the Enûma Elish] |
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* [http://www.meta-religion.com/World_Religions/Ancient_religions/Mesopotamia/genesis_and_enuma_elish_creation.htm Genesis and Enûma Elish creation myth comparisons] |
* [http://www.meta-religion.com/World_Religions/Ancient_religions/Mesopotamia/genesis_and_enuma_elish_creation.htm Genesis and Enûma Elish creation myth comparisons] |
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* [http://www.sron.nl/~jheise/akkadian/cftexts.html A cuneiform text of Tablet I with translation and explanation in detail] |
* [http://www.sron.nl/~jheise/akkadian/cftexts.html A cuneiform text of Tablet I with translation and explanation in detail] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080427211324/http://www.sron.nl/~jheise/akkadian/cftexts.html |date=2008-04-27 }} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Enuma Elis}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Enuma Elis}} |
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[[Enuma Elis]] |
[[Enuma Elis]] |
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[[Kategori:Creation myths]] |
[[Kategori:Creation myths]] |
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[[Kategori:Enuma Elish| ]] |
[[Kategori:Enuma Elish| ]] |
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Revisi terkini sejak 24 Januari 2021 21.49
 | Artikel ini perlu diterjemahkan ke bahasa Indonesia. |
| Bulan Sabit Subur seri mitos | |
|---|---|
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| Mesopotamia | |
| Mitos Levantin | |
| Mitos Arabia | |
| Agama Yazidik | |
| Mitologi Mesopotamia Topik | |
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Enûma Elish merupakan mitologi penciptaan Babilonia yang ditemukan oleh Austen Henry Layard pada tahun 1849 dalam bentuk terpisah-pisah di reruntuhan perpustakaan Ashurbanipal di Niniwe, Mosul, Irak, dan dipublikasikan oleh Assyriologist bernama George Smith tahun 1876.[1]
Enûma Elish terdiri dari seribu baris dan dicatat dalam bahasa Babilonia kuno pada tujuh clay tablets yang masing-masing berisi antara 115 sampai 170 baris teks.
Edisi dan terjemahan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- The Seven Tablets of Creation, The Babylonian Legends of Creation, by E. A. Wallis Budge, [1921], at sacred-texts.com
- Seven Tablets of Creation, Luzac's Semitic Text and Translation Series, No 12 & 13, ISBN 978-0-404-11344-5 (1973).
- L. W. King, Enûma Eliš: The Seven Tablets of Creation, London (1902); 1999 reprint ISBN 978-1-58509-043-3; 2002 reprint ISBN 1-4021-5905-6.
- Anton Deimel, Enûma Eliš (1936).
- W. C. Lambert, S. B. Parker, Enûma Eliš. The Babylonian Epic of Creation, Oxford (1966).
- D. D. Luckenbill, The Ashur Version of the Seven Tablets of Creation, The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, Vol. 38, No. 1 (Oct., 1921), pp. 12-35 .
Lihat pula
[sunting | sunting sumber]Catatan
[sunting | sunting sumber]Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- F. N. H. Al-Rawi, J. A. Black, A New Manuscript of Enūma Eliš, Tablet VI, Journal of Cuneiform Studies (1994).
- H. L. J. Vanstiphout, Enūma eliš: Tablet V Lines 15-22, Journal of Cuneiform Studies (1981).
- B. Landsberger, J. V. Kinnier Wilson, The Fifth Tablet of Enuma Eliš, Journal of Near Eastern Studies (1961).
- Arvid S. Kapelrud, The Mythological Features in Genesis Chapter I and the Author's Intentions, Vetus Testamentum (1974) (jstor link).
- Alexander Heidel, "Babylonian Genesis" (1951) (google books link)
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Enuma Elish - The Babylonian Epic of Creation on Ancient History Encyclopedia (includes the original text)
- The Theogonies of Damascius
- http://wikisource.org/wiki/Enuma_Elish
- The full surviving text of the Enûma Elish
- Genesis and Enûma Elish creation myth comparisons
- A cuneiform text of Tablet I with translation and explanation in detail Diarsipkan 2008-04-27 di Wayback Machine.