Hitung darah lengkap: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Revisi terkini sejak 16 Februari 2022 11.05

Hitung darah lengkap adalah serangkaian tes laboratorium medis yang memberikan informasi tentang sel-sel dalam darah seseorang. Hitung darah lengkap menunjukkan jumlah sel darah putih, sel darah merah dan trombosit, konsentrasi hemoglobin, dan hematokrit (persentase volume sel darah merah). Termasuk di dalamnya tes darah merah, yang menunjukkan ukuran rata-rata dan kandungan hemoglobin sel darah merah, juga dilaporkan, dan tes darah putih, yang menghitung jumlah dan jenis sel darah putih.

Referensi

Bibliografi umum

Arneth, BM; Menschikowki, M (2015). "Technology and new fluorescence flow cytometry parameters in hematological analyzers". Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis. 29 (3): 175–183. doi:10.1002/jcla.21747. ISSN 0887-8013. PMC 6807107 . PMID 24797912.
Bain, BJ (2015). Blood Cells: A Practical Guide (edisi ke-5). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-118-81733-9.
Bain, BJ; Bates, I; Laffan, MA (2017). Dacie and Lewis Practical Haematology (edisi ke-12). Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-0-7020-6925-3.
Blann, A; Ahmed, N (2014). Blood Science (edisi ke-1). Institute of Biomedical Science. hlm. 106. ISBN 978-1-118-35146-8.
Chabot-Richards, DS; George, TI (2015). "White blood cell counts". Clinics in Laboratory Medicine. 35 (1): 11–24. doi:10.1016/j.cll.2014.10.007. ISSN 0272-2712. PMID 25676369.
Ciesla, B (2018). Hematology in Practice (edisi ke-3). F. A. Davis Company. ISBN 978-0-8036-6825-6.
Da Costa, L (2015). "Digital image analysis of blood cells". Clinics in Laboratory Medicine. 35 (1): 105–122. doi:10.1016/j.cll.2014.10.005. ISSN 0272-2712. PMID 25676375.
Dasgupta, A; Sepulveda, JL (2013). Accurate Results in the Clinical Laboratory: A Guide to Error Detection and Correction. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-12-415858-0.
Davis, JD (1995). "The evolution of the progressive-era hemocytometer". Caduceus: A Humanities Journal for Medicine and the Health Sciences. 11 (3): 164–183. PMID 8680947.
DiGregorio, RV; Green-Hernandez, C; Holzemer, SP (2014). Primary Care: An Interprofessional Perspective (edisi ke-2). Springer Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-8261-7148-1.
Dooley, EK; Ringler, RL (2012). "Prenatal care: touching the future". Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice. 39 (1): 17–37. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2011.11.002. ISSN 0095-4543. PMID 22309579.
Fatemi, SH; Clayton, PJ (2016). The Medical Basis of Psychiatry (edisi ke-4). Springer. ISBN 978-1-4939-2528-5.
Greer, JP (2008). Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology (edisi ke-12). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-0-7817-6507-7.
Greer, JP; Arber, DA; Glader, BE; List, AF; Means, RM; Rodgers, GM (2018). Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology (edisi ke-14). Wolters Kluwer Health. ISBN 978-1-4963-6713-6.
Groner, W (1995). Practical Guide to Modern Hematology Analyzers. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-95712-6.
Harmening, D (2009). Clinical Hematology and Fundamentals of Hemostasis (edisi ke-5). F. A. Davis Company. ISBN 978-0-8036-1732-2.
Hartman, CJ; Kavoussi, LR (2017). Handbook of Surgical Technique: A True Surgeon's Guide to Navigating the Operating Room. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-0-323-51222-0.
Hoffman, R; Benz, Jr., EJ; Silberstein, LE; Heslop, H; Anastasi, J; Weitz, J (2013). Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice (edisi ke-6). Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-1-4377-2928-3.
Isaacs, C; Agarwala, S; Cheson, B (2017). Hoffman and Abeloff's Hematology-Oncology Review (edisi ke-1). Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-0-323-44318-0.
Kaushansky, K; Lichtman, MA; Prchal, J; Levi, MM; Press, OW; Burns, LJ; Caligiuri, M (2015). Williams Hematology (edisi ke-9). McGraw-Hill Education. ISBN 978-0-07-183301-1.
Keohane, E; Smith, L; Walenga, J (2015). Rodak's Hematology: Clinical Principles and Applications (edisi ke-5). Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-0-323-23906-6.
Kirkham, KR; Wijeysundera, DN; Pendrith, C; Ng, R; Tu, JV; Boozary, AS; et al. (2016). "Preoperative laboratory investigations". Anesthesiology. 124 (4): 804–814. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000001013. ISSN 0003-3022. PMID 26825151.
Kottke-Marchant, K; Davis, B (2012). Laboratory Hematology Practice (edisi ke-1). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4443-9857-1.
Lanzkowsky, P; Lipton, JM; Fish, JD (2016). Lanzkowsky's Manual of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology. Elsevier Science. ISBN 978-0-12-801674-9.
Lewandrowski, K; Rudolf, J (2016). "Utilization Management in the Routine Hematology Laboratory". Dalam Lewandrowski J, Sluss PM. Utilization Management in the Clinical Laboratory and Other Ancillary Services. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-34199-6_10. ISBN 978-3-319-34199-6.
Lewis, SL; Dirksen, SR; Heitkempet, MM; Bucher, L; Camera, I (2015). Medical-Surgical Nursing: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems, Single Volume (edisi ke-8). Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-0-323-29033-3.
Marshall, WJ; Lapsley, M; Day, A; Ayling, R (2014). Clinical Biochemistry E-Book: Metabolic and Clinical Aspects (edisi ke-3). Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-0-7020-5478-5.
McCann, SR (2016). A History of Haematology: From Herodotus to HIV. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-102713-0.
McPherson, RA; Pincus, MR (2017). Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods (edisi ke-23). Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-0-323-41315-2.
Melamed, M (2001). "Chapter 1 a brief history of flow cytometry and sorting". Methods in Cell Biology. 63 part A. Elsevier. hlm. 3–17. doi:10.1016/S0091-679X(01)63005-X. ISBN 978-0-12-544166-7. PMID 11060834.
Moore, EE; Feliciano, DV; Mattox, KL (2017). Trauma (edisi ke-8). McGraw-Hill Education. ISBN 978-1-260-12860-4.
Naeim, F; Rao, PN; Grody, WW (2009). Hematopathology: Morphology, Immunophenotype, Cytogenetics, and Molecular Approaches (edisi ke-1). Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-08-091948-5.
d'Onofrio, G; Zini, G (2014). Morphology of Blood Disorders (edisi ke-2). Wiley. ISBN 978-1-118-44258-6.
Oropello, JM; Kvetan, V; Pastores, SM (2016). Lange Critical Care. McGraw-Hill Education. ISBN 978-0-07-181726-4.
Pagana, KD; Pagana, TJ; Pagana, TN (2014). Mosby's Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-0-323-22592-2.
Palmer, L; Briggs, C; McFadden, S; Zini, G; Burthem, J; Rozenberg, G; Proytcheva, M; Machin, SJ (2015). "ICSH recommendations for the standardization of nomenclature and grading of peripheral blood cell morphological features". International Journal of Laboratory Hematology. 37 (3): 287–303. doi:10.1111/ijlh.12327 . ISSN 1751-5521. PMID 25728865.
Picot, J; Guerin, CL; Le Van Kim, C; Boulanger, C (2012). "Flow cytometry: retrospective, fundamentals and recent instrumentation". Cytotechnology. 64 (2): 109–130. doi:10.1007/s10616-011-9415-0. ISSN 0920-9069. PMC 3279584 . PMID 22271369.
Porwit, A; McCullough, J; Erber, WN (2011). Blood and Bone Marrow Pathology (edisi ke-2). Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-0-7020-4535-6.
Pierre, RV (2002). "Peripheral blood film review: the demise of the eyecount leukocyte differential". Clinics in Laboratory Medicine. 22 (1): 279–297. doi:10.1016/S0272-2712(03)00075-1. ISSN 0272-2712. PMID 11933579.
Powell, DJ; Achebe, MO (2016). "Anemia for the primary care physician". Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice. 43 (4): 527–542. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2016.07.006. ISSN 0095-4543. PMID 27866575.
Rodak, BF; Carr, JH (2013). Clinical Hematology Atlas (edisi ke-4). Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-1-4557-0830-7.
Schafermeyer, RW; Tenenbein, M; Macias, CJ (2018). Strange and Schafermeyer's Pediatric Emergency Medicine (edisi ke-5). McGraw-Hill Education. ISBN 978-1-259-86076-8.
Shapiro, HM (2003). Practical Flow Cytometry (edisi ke-4). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-43403-0.
Schmaier, AH; Lazarus, HM (2012). Concise guide to hematology (edisi ke-1). Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-9666-6.
Turgeon, ML (2016). Linné & Ringsrud's Clinical Laboratory Science: Concepts, Procedures, and Clinical Applications (edisi ke-7). Elsevier Mosby. ISBN 978-0-323-22545-8.
Van Leeuwen, AM; Bladh, ML (2019). Davis's Comprehensive Manual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests with Nursing Implications (edisi ke-8). F. A. Davis Company. ISBN 978-0-8036-9448-4.
Vieth, JT; Lane, DR (2014). "Anemia". Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 32 (3): 613–628. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2014.04.007. ISSN 0733-8627. PMID 25060253.
Walls, R; Hockberger, R; Gausche-Hill, M (2017). Rosen's Emergency Medicine - Concepts and Clinical Practice (edisi ke-9). Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-0-323-39016-3.
Wang, SA; Hasserjian, RP (2018). Diagnosis of Blood and Bone Marrow Disorders. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-20279-2.
Wintrobe, MM (1985). Hematology, the Blossoming of a Science: A Story of Inspiration and Effort. Lea & Febiger. ISBN 978-0-8121-0961-0.
Zandecki, M; Genevieve, F; Gerard, J; Godon, A (February 2007). "Spurious counts and spurious results on haematology analysers: a review. Part II: white blood cells, red blood cells, haemoglobin, red cell indices and reticulocytes". International Journal of Laboratory Hematology. 29 (1): 21–41. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2257.2006.00871.x . PMID 17224005.

Artikel bertopik biologi ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

@@ Baris 1: / Baris 1: @@
-Pemeriksaan darah yang paling sering dilakukan adalah hitung jenis sel darah lengkap (CBC, complete blood cell count), yang merupakan penilaian dasar dari komponen sel darah.
-Sebuah mesin otomatis melakukan pemeriksaan ini dalam waktu kurang dari 1 menit terhadap setetes darah.
+[[Berkas:Complete_blood_count_and_differential.jpg|jmpl|Hasil hitung darah lengkap dan perbedaannya.]]
-Selain untuk menentukan jumlah sel darah dan trombosit, persentase dari setiap jenis sel darah putih dan kandungan hemoglobin; hitung jenis sel darah biasanya menilai ukuran dan bentuk dari sel darah merah.
+'''Hitung darah lengkap''' adalah serangkaian tes [[laboratorium medis]] yang memberikan informasi tentang sel-sel dalam darah seseorang. Hitung darah lengkap menunjukkan jumlah [[sel darah putih]], [[sel darah merah]] dan [[trombosit]], konsentrasi [[hemoglobin]], dan [[hematokrit]] (persentase volume sel darah merah). Termasuk di dalamnya tes darah merah, yang menunjukkan ukuran rata-rata dan kandungan hemoglobin sel darah merah, juga dilaporkan, dan tes darah putih, yang menghitung jumlah dan jenis sel darah putih.
-Sel darah merah yang abnormal bisa pecah atau berbentuk seperti tetesan air mata, bulan sabit atau jarum.
+<references />
+== Referensi ==
-Dengan mengetahui bentuk atau ukuran yang abnormal dari sel darah merah, bisa membantu mendiagnosis suatu penyakit.
-Sebagai contoh sel berbentuk bulan sabit adalah khas untuk penyakit sel sabit, sel darah merah yang kecil dapat merupakan pertanda dari stadium awal kekurangan zat besi dan sel darah merah berbentuk oval besar menunjukkan kekurangan asam folat atau vitamin B12 (anemia pernisiosa).
+==Bibliografi umum==
-Pemeriksaan lainnya memberikan keterangan tambahan tentang sel darah.
+{{refbegin|30em}}
-Hitung retikulosit adalah jumlah sel darah merah muda (retikulosit) dalam volume darah tertentu.
+* {{cite journal|last1=Arneth|first1=BM|last2=Menschikowki|first2=M|title=Technology and new fluorescence flow cytometry parameters in hematological analyzers|journal=Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis|volume=29|issue=3|year=2015|pages=175–183|issn=0887-8013|doi=10.1002/jcla.21747|pmid=24797912|pmc=6807107}}
-Dalam keadaan normal, retikulosit mencapai jumlah sekitar 1% dari jumlah total sel darah merah.
+* {{cite book|last1= Bain|first1=BJ|title=Blood Cells: A Practical Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dckoCQAAQBAJ|year=2015|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-81733-9|edition=5}}
+* {{cite book|last1=Bain|first1=BJ|last2=Bates|first2=I|last3=Laffan|first3=MA|title=Dacie and Lewis Practical Haematology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rEPUDAAAQBAJ|date=2017|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|edition=12|isbn=978-0-7020-6925-3}}
+* {{cite book|title= Blood Science|year=2014|last1= Blann |first1=A |last2=Ahmed |first2=N|publisher=Institute of Biomedical Science|page=106|isbn=978-1-118-35146-8|edition=1}}
+* {{cite journal|last1=Chabot-Richards|first1=DS|last2=George|first2=TI|title=White blood cell counts|journal=Clinics in Laboratory Medicine|volume=35|issue=1|year=2015|pages=11–24|issn=0272-2712|doi=10.1016/j.cll.2014.10.007|pmid=25676369}}
+* {{cite book|last=Ciesla|first=B|title=Hematology in Practice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5td7DwAAQBAJ|year= 2018|publisher=F. A. Davis Company|isbn=978-0-8036-6825-6|edition=3}}
+* {{cite journal|last1=Da Costa|first1=L|title=Digital image analysis of blood cells|journal=Clinics in Laboratory Medicine|volume=35|issue=1|year=2015|pages=105–122|issn=0272-2712|doi=10.1016/j.cll.2014.10.005|pmid=25676375}}
+* {{cite book|last1=Dasgupta|first1=A|last2=Sepulveda|first2=JL|title=Accurate Results in the Clinical Laboratory: A Guide to Error Detection and Correction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HEBloh3nxiAC|year= 2013|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-12-415858-0}}
+* {{cite journal| last=Davis |first=JD| title=The evolution of the progressive-era hemocytometer. | journal= Caduceus: A Humanities Journal for Medicine and the Health Sciences | year= 1995 | volume= 11 | issue= 3 | pages= 164–183 | pmid=8680947 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8680947 }}
+* {{cite book|last1=DiGregorio|first1=RV|last2=Green-Hernandez|first2=C|last3=Holzemer|first3=SP|title=Primary Care: An Interprofessional Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eXCWBQAAQBAJ|edition=2|year=2014|publisher=Springer Publishing Company|isbn=978-0-8261-7148-1}}
+* {{cite journal|last1=Dooley|first1=EK|last2=Ringler|first2=RL|title=Prenatal care: touching the future|journal=Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice|volume=39|issue=1|year=2012|pages=17–37|issn=0095-4543|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2011.11.002|pmid=22309579}}
+* {{cite book|last1=Fatemi|first1=SH|last2=Clayton|first2=PJ|title=The Medical Basis of Psychiatry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xgLNCwAAQBAJ|year= 2016|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4939-2528-5|edition=4}}
+* {{cite book|last1=Greer|first1=JP|title=Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=68enzUD7BVgC|year=2008|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=978-0-7817-6507-7|edition=12}}
+* {{cite book|last1=Greer|first1=JP|last2=Arber|first2=DA|last3=Glader|first3=BE|last4=List|first4=AF|last5=Means|first5=RM|last6=Rodgers|first6=GM|title=Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lIiADwAAQBAJ|edition=14|year=2018|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Health|isbn=978-1-4963-6713-6}}
+* {{cite book|first=W |last=Groner|title=Practical Guide to Modern Hematology Analyzers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rVdrAAAAMAAJ|year=1995|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-0-471-95712-6}}
+* {{cite book|last1=Harmening|first1=D|title=Clinical Hematology and Fundamentals of Hemostasis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W_NGPgAACAAJ|edition=5|year=2009|publisher=F. A. Davis Company|isbn=978-0-8036-1732-2}}
+* {{cite book|last1=Hartman|first1=CJ|last2=Kavoussi|first2=LR|title=Handbook of Surgical Technique: A True Surgeon's Guide to Navigating the Operating Room|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7nc2DwAAQBAJ|year=2017|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-51222-0}}
+* {{cite book|first1=R|last1=Hoffman|first2=EJ |last2=Benz, Jr.|first3=LE|last3=Silberstein|first4=H |last4=Heslop |first5=J|last5=Anastasi |first6=J|last6=Weitz|title=Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1estSuaQ6kC|year=2013|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1-4377-2928-3|edition=6}}
+* {{cite book|last1=Isaacs|first1=C|last2=Agarwala|first2=S|last3=Cheson|first3=B|title=Hoffman and Abeloff's Hematology-Oncology Review |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HOM2DwAAQBAJ|year= 2017|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-44318-0|edition=1}}
+* {{cite book|last1=Kaushansky|first1=K|last2=Lichtman|first2=MA|last3= Prchal|first3=J|last4=Levi|first4=MM|last5=Press|first5=OW|last6=Burns|first6=LJ|last7= Caligiuri|first7=M|title=Williams Hematology |edition=9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0MneCgAAQBAJ|year=2015|publisher=McGraw-Hill Education|isbn=978-0-07-183301-1}}
+* {{cite book|last1=Keohane|first1=E|last2=Smith|first2=L|last3=Walenga|first3=J|title=Rodak's Hematology: Clinical Principles and Applications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UC3uBgAAQBAJ|year=2015|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-23906-6|edition=5}}
+* {{cite journal|last1=Kirkham|first1=KR|last2=Wijeysundera|first2=DN|last3=Pendrith|first3=C|last4=Ng|first4=R|last5=Tu|first5=JV |last6=Boozary|first6=AS|last7=Tepper|first7=J|last8=Schull|first8=MJ|last9=Levinson|first9=W|last10=Bhatia|first10=RS|display-authors=6|title=Preoperative laboratory investigations|journal=Anesthesiology|volume=124|issue=4|year=2016|pages=804–814|issn=0003-3022|doi=10.1097/ALN.0000000000001013|pmid=26825151|s2cid=35916964}}
+* {{cite book|last1=Kottke-Marchant|first1=K|last2=Davis|first2=B|title=Laboratory Hematology Practice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dlZDhbXDuOQC|year= 2012|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-4443-9857-1|edition=1}}
+* {{cite book|last1=Lanzkowsky|first1=P|last2=Lipton|first2=JM|last3=Fish|first3=JD|title=Lanzkowsky's Manual of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r4pCCQAAQBAJ|year= 2016|publisher=Elsevier Science|isbn=978-0-12-801674-9}}
+* {{cite book|last1=Lewandrowski|first1=K|last2=Rudolf|first2=J|title=Utilization Management in the Clinical Laboratory and Other Ancillary Services|year=2016|publisher=Springer|editor=Lewandrowski J, Sluss PM|isbn=978-3-319-34199-6|chapter=Utilization Management in the Routine Hematology Laboratory|doi= 10.1007/978-3-319-34199-6_10}}
+* {{cite book|last1=Lewis|first1=SL|last2=Dirksen|first2=SR|last3=Heitkempet|first3=MM|last4=Bucher |first4=L |last5=Camera |first5=I|title=Medical-Surgical Nursing: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems, Single Volume|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uxuaCgAAQBAJ|year= 2015|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-29033-3|edition=8}}
+* {{cite book|last1=Marshall|first1=WJ|last2=Lapsley|first2=M|last3=Day|first3=A|last4=Ayling|first4=R|title=Clinical Biochemistry E-Book: Metabolic and Clinical Aspects|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2FkXAwAAQBAJ|year= 2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-7020-5478-5|edition=3}}
+* {{cite book|last=McCann|first=SR|title=A History of Haematology: From Herodotus to HIV|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TxbGDQAAQBAJ|year=2016|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-102713-0}}
+* {{cite book|last1=McPherson|first1=RA|last2=Pincus|first2=MR|title=Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xAzhCwAAQBAJ|year= 2017|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-41315-2|edition=23}}
+* {{cite book |last1=Melamed |first1=M |title=Methods in Cell Biology |chapter=Chapter 1 a brief history of flow cytometry and sorting |volume=63 part A |publisher=Elsevier |year=2001|pages=3–17 |doi=10.1016/S0091-679X(01)63005-X |pmid=11060834 |isbn=978-0-12-544166-7 }}
+* {{cite book|last1=Moore|first1=EE|last2=Feliciano|first2=DV|last3=Mattox|first3=KL|title=Trauma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QLE5DwAAQBAJ|edition=8|year= 2017|publisher=McGraw-Hill Education|isbn=978-1-260-12860-4}}
+* {{cite book|last1=Naeim|first1=F|last2=Rao |first2=PN|last3=Grody|first3=WW|title=Hematopathology: Morphology, Immunophenotype, Cytogenetics, and Molecular Approaches|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BbVm4oyTOGMC|year=2009|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-08-091948-5|edition=1}}
+* {{cite book|first1=G |last1=d'Onofrio|first2=G |last2=Zini|title=Morphology of Blood Disorders|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DCIVBQAAQBAJ|edition=2|year= 2014|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-1-118-44258-6}}
+* {{cite book|last1=Oropello|first1=JM|last2=Kvetan|first2=V|last3=Pastores|first3=SM|title=Lange Critical Care|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qy9IDQAAQBAJ|year= 2016|publisher=McGraw-Hill Education|isbn=978-0-07-181726-4}}
+* {{cite book|last1=Pagana|first1=KD|last2=Pagana|first2=TJ|last3=Pagana|first3=TN|title=Mosby's Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J7eXBAAAQBAJ|year= 2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-22592-2}}
+* {{cite journal|last1=Palmer|first1=L|last2=Briggs|first2=C|last3=McFadden|first3=S|last4=Zini|first4=G|last5=Burthem|first5=J|last6=Rozenberg|first6=G|last7=Proytcheva|first7=M|last8=Machin|first8=SJ|title=ICSH recommendations for the standardization of nomenclature and grading of peripheral blood cell morphological features|journal=International Journal of Laboratory Hematology|volume=37|issue=3|year=2015|pages=287–303|issn=1751-5521|doi=10.1111/ijlh.12327|pmid=25728865|doi-access=free}}
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+{{refend}}
+{{biologi-stub}}
-Jika tubuh memerlukan lebih banyak darah merah (seperti yang terjadi pada anemia), secara normal sumsum tulang akan memberikan jawaban dengan membentuk lebih banyak retikulosit.
-Karena itu penghitungan retikulosit merupakan penilaian terhadap fungsi sumsum tulang.
+[[Kategori:Hematologi]]
-Pemeriksaan yang menentukan kerapuhan dan karakteristik selaput sel darah merah, membantu dalam menilai penyebab anemia.
+[[Kategori:Patologi kimia]]
+[[Kategori:Diagnosis medis]]
-Sel darah putih dapat dihitung sebagai suatu kelompok (hitung sel darah putih).
-Jika diperlukan keterangan yang lebih terperinci, bisa dilakukan penghitungan jenis-jenis tertentu dari sel darah putih (differential white blood cell count).
-Trombosit juga dapat dihitung secara terpisah.
-Platelet juga dapat dihitung secara terpisah.
-Salah satu pemeriksaan yang paling sering dilakukan pada plasma adalah analisis elektrolit.
-Dilakukan pengukuran terhadap natrium, klorida, kalium dan bikarbonat, juga kalsium, magnesium dan fosfat.
-Pemeriksaan lainnya mengukur jumlah protein (biasanya albumin), gula (glukosa) dan bahan limbah racun yang secara normal disaring oleh ginjal (kretinin dan urea-nitrogen darah).
-Sebagian besar pemeriksaan darah lainya membantu memantau fungsi organ lainnya.
-Karena darah membawa sekian banyak bahan yang penting untuk fungsi tubuh, pemeriksaan darah bisa digunakan untuk mengetahui apa yang terjadi di dalam tubuh.
-Selain itu, pemeriksaan darah relatif mudah dilakukan.
-Misalnya fungsi tiroid bisa dinilai secara lebih mudah dengan mengukur kadar hormon tiroid dalam darah dibandingkan dengan secara langsung mengambil contoh tiroid.
-Demikian juga halnya dengan pengukuran enzim-enzim hati dan protein dalam darah lebih mudah dilakukan dibandingkan dengan mengambil contoh hati.
-'''
-Hitung jenis sel darah lengkap.'''
-Pemeriksan	       Yang diukur	                          Harga normal
-Hemoglobin	     Jumlah protein pengangkut oksigen
-                     dalam sel darah merah	                  Pria:14-16 gram/dL
-                                                                  Wanita:12,5-15 gram/dL
-Hematokrit	     Perbandingan sel darah merah terhadap
-                     volume darah total	                          Pria:42-50%
-                                                                  Wanita:38-47%
-Volume korpuskuler
-rata-rata	     Perkiraan volume sel darah merah	          86-98 mikrometer³
-Hitung sel darah
-putih	             Jumlah sel darah putih dalam volume
-                     darah tertentu                            	  4.500-10.500/mikroL
-Hitung sel darah
-putih diferensiasi   Persentase jenis sel darah putih
-                     tertentu	                                  Neutrofil bersegmen:34-75%
-                                                                  Neutrofil pita:0-8%
-                                                                  Limfosit:12-50%
-                                                                  Monosit:15%
-                                                                  Eosinofil:0-5%
-                                                                  Basofil:0-3%
-Hitung trombosit      Jumlah trombosit dalam volume
-                      darah tertentu	                          140.000-450.000/mikroL