Negara dalam negara: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
k Bot: Perubahan kosmetika |
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* [[Yanisari]] di Kesultanan Utsmaniyah |
* [[Yanisari]] di Kesultanan Utsmaniyah |
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* [[Masyarakat Karakol]] di Kesultanan Utsmaniyah |
* [[Masyarakat Karakol]] di Kesultanan Utsmaniyah |
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* [[ |
* [[Turki Muda]] di Kesultanan Utsmaniyah |
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* [[Inter-Services Intelligence]] di [[Pakistan]]<ref>[http://www.rferl.org/content/Who_Controls_Pakistans_Powerful_ISI/1191046.html Who Controls Pakistan's Powerful ISI?], ''[[Radio Free Europe]]'', August 14, 2008</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Pakistan's shadowy secret service, the ISI|publisher = [[BBC News]]|date = 3 May 2011|url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-13272009}}</ref> |
* [[Inter-Services Intelligence]] di [[Pakistan]]<ref>[http://www.rferl.org/content/Who_Controls_Pakistans_Powerful_ISI/1191046.html Who Controls Pakistan's Powerful ISI?], ''[[Radio Free Europe]]'', August 14, 2008</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Pakistan's shadowy secret service, the ISI|publisher = [[BBC News]]|date = 3 May 2011|url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-13272009}}</ref> |
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* [[PDVSA]] di [[Venezuela]] pra-[[Hugo Chávez|Chávez]] |
* [[PDVSA]] di [[Venezuela]] pra-[[Hugo Chávez|Chávez]] |
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* [[Iglesia ni Cristo]] di [[Filipina]] |
* [[Iglesia ni Cristo]] di [[Filipina]] |
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* [[Qizilbash]] di [[ |
* [[Qizilbash]] di [[Dinasti Safawiyah|Iran Safawiyah]] |
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* [[ARVN]] di [[Vietnam Selatan]] |
* [[ARVN]] di [[Vietnam Selatan]] |
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* [[KGB]] di [[Uni Soviet]] |
* [[KGB]] di [[Uni Soviet]] |
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* [[Kompleks industri–militer]] di Amerika Serikat |
* [[Kompleks industri–militer]] di Amerika Serikat |
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* [[NSA]] di Amerika Serikat |
* [[NSA]] di Amerika Serikat |
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* [[United States Intelligence Community|Intelligence Community]] di Amerika Serikat<ref name="Deep State">{{Cite book|title=Deep State: Inside the Government Secrecy Industry|first1=Marc|last1=Ambinder|first2=D.B.|last2=Grady|publisher=Wiley|year=2013|isbn=978-1118146682 }}</ref><ref name="Top Secret America">{{Cite book|title=Top Secret America: The Rise of the New American Security State|first1=Dana|last1=Priest|first2=William M.|last2=Arkin|publisher=Little, Brown and Company|year=2011|isbn=0316182214|laysummary=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/john-tirman/nsa-deep-state_b_3569316.html|laysource=The Quiet Coup: No, Not Egypt. Here.|laydate=07/09/2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=The State, the Deep State, and the Wall Street Overworld |journal=The Asia-Pacific Journal |volume=12 |issue=10, No. 5 |date=March 10, 2014 |first=Peter Dale |last=Scott |authorlink=Peter Dale Scott |url=http://www.japanfocus.org/-Peter_Dale-Scott/4090 }}</ref> |
* [[United States Intelligence Community|Intelligence Community]] di Amerika Serikat<ref name="Deep State">{{Cite book|title=Deep State: Inside the Government Secrecy Industry|url=https://archive.org/details/deepstateinsideg0000ambi|first1=Marc|last1=Ambinder|first2=D.B.|last2=Grady|publisher=Wiley|year=2013|isbn=978-1118146682 }}</ref><ref name="Top Secret America">{{Cite book|title=Top Secret America: The Rise of the New American Security State|url=https://archive.org/details/topsecretamerica0000prie|first1=Dana|last1=Priest|first2=William M.|last2=Arkin|publisher=Little, Brown and Company|year=2011|isbn=0316182214|laysummary=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/john-tirman/nsa-deep-state_b_3569316.html|laysource=The Quiet Coup: No, Not Egypt. Here.|laydate=07/09/2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=The State, the Deep State, and the Wall Street Overworld |journal=The Asia-Pacific Journal |volume=12 |issue=10, No. 5 |date=March 10, 2014 |first=Peter Dale |last=Scott |authorlink=Peter Dale Scott |url=http://www.japanfocus.org/-Peter_Dale-Scott/4090 }}</ref> |
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* [[Reichswehr]] di [[Republik Weimar]] |
* [[Reichswehr]] di [[Republik Weimar]] |
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Revisi terkini sejak 25 Mei 2022 14.55
Negara di dalam negara adalah situasi politik di dalam sebuah negara ketika organ internalnya ("Negara Dalam") seperti angkatan bersenjata, badan intelijen, atau kepolisian tidak mengakui kepemimpinan sipil. Istilah ini berasal dari bahasa Yunani (κράτος εν κράτει, kratos en kratei, kemudian diterjemahkan ke Latin menjadi imperium in imperio[1] atau status in statu).
Istilah ini juga mengacu pada perusahaan milik pemerintah yang bertindak secara de facto layaknya perusahaan swasta, padahal berada di bawah kendali pemerintah. Selain itu, istilah ini mengacu pada perusahaan-perusahaan swasta yang bertindak secara de facto layaknya "negara di dalam negara".[2]
Perdebatan politik terkait pemisahan agama dan negara muncul dari anggapan bahwa apabila agama dibiarkan begitu saja, agama bisa berubah menjadi negara di dalam negara dan secara tidak sah melampaui kekuasaan sipil alamiah yang dipegang negara.[3]
Imperium in imperio merupakan motto negara bagian pertama Ohio. Motto tersebut mencerminkan ukuran dan pengaruh Ohio yang besar ketika Amerika Serikat baru berdiri. Motto ini tidak populer dan diganti dua tahun kemudian.[4][5]
Dugaan "negara di dalam negara”
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Departemen Intelijen dan Keamanan di Aljazair
- Booker-McConnell di Guiana Britania
- Cameroon Development Corporation di Kamerun
- Ikhwanul Muslimin di Mesir
- Dewan Tertinggi Angkatan Bersenjata di Mesir
- Pasukan militer di Spanyol Francois
- Zollverein di Konfederasi Jerman
- Deutsches Heer di Kekaisaran Jerman
- United Fruit Company di Guatemala
- United Fruit Company di Honduras
- Angkatan Darat dan Tentara Kwantung di Kekaisaran Jepang
- IRGC di Iran
- SAVAK di Iran
- Propaganda Due di Italia[6]
- Oprichnina oleh Ivan yang Ganas
- PLO di Lebanon
- Hezbollah di Lebanon
- Schutzstaffel di Jerman Nazi
- Wehrmacht di Jerman Nazi
- Viet Cong di Vietnam Utara
- Komite Persatuan dan Kemajuan di Kesultanan Utsmaniyah
- Yanisari di Kesultanan Utsmaniyah
- Masyarakat Karakol di Kesultanan Utsmaniyah
- Turki Muda di Kesultanan Utsmaniyah
- Inter-Services Intelligence di Pakistan[7][8]
- PDVSA di Venezuela pra-Chávez
- Iglesia ni Cristo di Filipina
- Qizilbash di Iran Safawiyah
- ARVN di Vietnam Selatan
- KGB di Uni Soviet
- Negara Dalam di Turki
- CIA di Amerika Serikat
- Kompleks industri–militer di Amerika Serikat
- NSA di Amerika Serikat
- Intelligence Community di Amerika Serikat[9][10][11]
- Reichswehr di Republik Weimar
Lihat pula
[sunting | sunting sumber]Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ from Baruch Spinoza: Tractatus politicus, Caput II, § 6.
- ^ Daniel De Leon: "Imperium in imperio" in: Daily People, June 4, 1903.
- ^ Cf William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, IV, c.4 ss. iii.2, p. *54, where the charge of being imperium in imperio was notably levied against the Church
- ^ "Great Seal of Ohio". Ohio History. 10: 392–393.
- ^ Knabenshue, S. S. "The Great Seal of Ohio". Ohio History. 10: 489–490.
- ^ BBC On This Day: May 26, 1981
- ^ Who Controls Pakistan's Powerful ISI?, Radio Free Europe, August 14, 2008
- ^ "Pakistan's shadowy secret service, the ISI". BBC News. 3 May 2011.
- ^ Ambinder, Marc; Grady, D.B. (2013). Deep State: Inside the Government Secrecy Industry. Wiley. ISBN 978-1118146682.
- ^ Priest, Dana; Arkin, William M. (2011). Top Secret America: The Rise of the New American Security State. Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 0316182214. Ringkasan – The Quiet Coup: No, Not Egypt. Here. (07/09/2013).
- ^ Scott, Peter Dale (March 10, 2014). "The State, the Deep State, and the Wall Street Overworld". The Asia-Pacific Journal. 12 (10, No. 5).