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Arthashastra (IAST: Arthaśāstra) adalah risalah India Kuno tentang administrasi negara, kebijakan ekonomi dan strategi militer yang konon ditulis oleh Kautilya^[1] dan Viṣhṇugupta,^[2] yang secara tradisional diidentifikasi sebagai Cāṇakya (c. 350–283 BC),^[3] seorang sarjana di Takshashila dan kemudian menjadi perdana menteri Kemaharajaan Maurya.

Identifikasi Kautilya atau Vishnugupta dengan perdana menteri Maurya, Chānakya, akan menentukan masa penulisan Arthaśāstra sekitar abad ke-4 SM.^[4] Meski demikian, kesamaan dengan berbagai smrti dan kitab referensi lainnya akan menimbulkan anakronisme sehingga kemungkinan Arthaśāstra ditulis dari abad ke-2 hingga ke-4 M.^[5] K.C. Ojha mengemukakan pandangan bahwa penyamaan Vishnugupta dengan Kautilya disebabkan karena kesalahan dalam mengenali editor dan penulisnya sehingga ia berpendapat bahwa sesungguhnya Vishnugupta adalah redaktur karya yang murni ditulis oleh Kautilya.^[4] Thomas Burrow berpendapat bahwa Chānakya and Kautilya sesungguhnya adalah dua orang yang berbeda.^[6]

Catatan kaki

^ Mabbett, I. W. (1964). "The Date of the Arthaśāstra". Journal of the American Oriental Society. Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 84, No. 2. 84 (2): 162–169. doi:10.2307/597102. ISSN 0003-0279.
Trautmann, Thomas R. (1971). Kauṭilya and the Arthaśāstra: A Statistical Investigation of the Authorship and Evolution of the Text. Leiden: E.J. Brill. hlm. 10. while in his character as author of an arthaśāstra he is generally referred to by his gotra name, Kauṭilya.
^ Mabbett 1964
Trautmann 1971:5 "the very last verse of the work...is the unique instance of the personal name Viṣṇugupta rather than the gotra name Kauṭilya in the Arthaśāstra.
^ Mabbett 1964 "References to the work in other Sanskrit literature attribute it variously to Viṣṇugupta, Cāṇakya and Kauṭilya. The same individual is meant in each case. The Pańcatantra explicitly identifies Chanakya with Viṣṇugupta."
^ ^a ^b Mabbett 1964
^ Trautmann 1971:"The Ages of the Arthaśāstra", 167–187.
Mabbett 1964
^ Trautmann 1971:67 'T. Burrow ("Chānakya and Kautalya", Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute 48–49 1968, p. 17 ff.) has now shown that Chānakya is also a gotra name, which in conjunction with other evidence makes it clear that we are dealing with two distinct persons, the minister Cānakya of legend and Kautilya the compiler of the Arthaśāstra. Furthermore, this throws the balance of evidence in favor of the view that the second name was originally spelt Kautalya and that after the compiler of the Arth. came to be identified with the Mauryan minister it was altered to Kautilya (as it appears in Āryaśūra, Viśākhadatta and Bāna) for the sake of the pun. We may then assume that the later spelling subsequently replaced the earlier in the gotra lists and elsewhere.'

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[1] Mabbett, I. W. (1964). "The Date of the Arthaśāstra". Journal of the American Oriental Society. Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 84, No. 2. 84 (2): 162–169. doi:10.2307/597102. ISSN 0003-0279.
Trautmann, Thomas R. (1971). Kauṭilya and the Arthaśāstra: A Statistical Investigation of the Authorship and Evolution of the Text. Leiden: E.J. Brill. hlm. 10. while in his character as author of an arthaśāstra he is generally referred to by his gotra name, Kauṭilya.

[2] Mabbett 1964
Trautmann 1971:5 "the very last verse of the work...is the unique instance of the personal name Viṣṇugupta rather than the gotra name Kauṭilya in the Arthaśāstra.

[3] Mabbett 1964 "References to the work in other Sanskrit literature attribute it variously to Viṣṇugupta, Cāṇakya and Kauṭilya. The same individual is meant in each case. The Pańcatantra explicitly identifies Chanakya with Viṣṇugupta."

[Mabbett_1964-4] Mabbett 1964

[5] Trautmann 1971:"The Ages of the Arthaśāstra", 167–187.
Mabbett 1964

[6] Trautmann 1971:67 'T. Burrow ("Chānakya and Kautalya", Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute 48–49 1968, p. 17 ff.) has now shown that Chānakya is also a gotra name, which in conjunction with other evidence makes it clear that we are dealing with two distinct persons, the minister Cānakya of legend and Kautilya the compiler of the Arthaśāstra. Furthermore, this throws the balance of evidence in favor of the view that the second name was originally spelt Kautalya and that after the compiler of the Arth. came to be identified with the Mauryan minister it was altered to Kautilya (as it appears in Āryaśūra, Viśākhadatta and Bāna) for the sake of the pun. We may then assume that the later spelling subsequently replaced the earlier in the gotra lists and elsewhere.'

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@@ Baris 1: / Baris 1: @@
-'''''Arthashastra''''' ([[IAST]]: ''Arthaśāstra'') adalah [[risalah]] India Kuno tentang administrasi negara, kebijakan [[ekonomi]] dan [[strategi militer]] yang konon ditulis oleh Kautilya<ref>{{cite journal | first = I. W. | last = Mabbett | year = 1964 | month = April | title = The Date of the Arthaśāstra | journal = Journal of the American Oriental Society | volume = 84 | issue = 2 | pages = 162–169 | id = ISSN 0003-0279 | doi = 10.2307/597102 | url = http://jstor.org/stable/597102 | publisher = Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 84, No. 2 | ref = harv }}<br />{{cite book | last = Trautmann | first = Thomas R. | authorlink = Thomas Trautmann | title = {{IAST|Kauṭilya}} and the Arthaśāstra: A Statistical Investigation of the Authorship and Evolution of the Text | year = 1971 | publisher = E.J. Brill | location = Leiden | pages = 10 | quote =while in his character as author of an ''arthaśāstra'' he is generally referred to by his ''[[gotra]]'' name, {{IAST|Kauṭilya}}.}}</ref> dan {{IAST|Viṣhṇugupta}},<ref>Mabbett 1964<br />Trautmann 1971:5 "the very last verse of the work...is the unique instance of the personal name {{IAST|Viṣṇugupta}} rather than the ''[[gotra]]'' name {{IAST|Kauṭilya}} in the ''Arthaśāstra''.</ref> yang secara tradisional diidentifikasi sebagai [[Canakya|{{IAST|Cāṇakya}}]] (c. 350–283 BC),<ref>Mabbett 1964 "References to the work in other Sanskrit literature attribute it variously to {{IAST|Viṣṇugupta}}, {{IAST|Cāṇakya}} and {{IAST|Kauṭilya}}. The same individual is meant in each case. The ''[[Panchatantra|Pańcatantra]]'' explicitly identifies [[Chanakya]] with {{IAST|Viṣṇugupta}}."</ref> seorang sarjana di [[Takshashila]] dan kemudian menjadi perdana menteri [[Kemaharajaan Maurya]].
+'''''Arthashastra''''' ([[IAST]]: ''Arthaśāstra'') adalah [[risalah]] India Kuno tentang administrasi negara, kebijakan [[ekonomi]] dan [[strategi militer]] yang konon ditulis oleh Kautilya<ref>{{cite journal | first = I. W. | last = Mabbett | year = 1964 | month = April | title = The Date of the Arthaśāstra | journal = Journal of the American Oriental Society | volume = 84 | issue = 2 | pages = 162–169 | id = ISSN 0003-0279 | doi = 10.2307/597102 | url = http://jstor.org/stable/597102 | publisher = Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 84, No. 2 | ref = harv }}<br />{{cite book|last = Trautmann|first = Thomas R.|authorlink = Thomas Trautmann|title = {{IAST|Kauṭilya}} and the Arthaśāstra: A Statistical Investigation of the Authorship and Evolution of the Text|year = 1971|publisher = E.J. Brill|location = Leiden|pages = 10|quote =while in his character as author of an ''arthaśāstra'' he is generally referred to by his ''[[gotra]]'' name, {{IAST|Kauṭilya}}.}}</ref> dan {{IAST|Viṣhṇugupta}},<ref>Mabbett 1964<br />Trautmann 1971:5 "the very last verse of the work...is the unique instance of the personal name {{IAST|Viṣṇugupta}} rather than the ''[[gotra]]'' name {{IAST|Kauṭilya}} in the ''Arthaśāstra''.</ref> yang secara tradisional diidentifikasi sebagai [[Canakya|{{IAST|Cāṇakya}}]] (c. 350–283 BC),<ref>Mabbett 1964 "References to the work in other Sanskrit literature attribute it variously to {{IAST|Viṣṇugupta}}, {{IAST|Cāṇakya}} and {{IAST|Kauṭilya}}. The same individual is meant in each case. The ''[[Panchatantra|Pańcatantra]]'' explicitly identifies [[Chanakya]] with {{IAST|Viṣṇugupta}}."</ref> seorang sarjana di [[Takshashila]] dan kemudian menjadi perdana menteri [[Kemaharajaan Maurya]].
 Identifikasi {{IAST|Kautilya}} atau Vishnugupta dengan perdana menteri [[Maurya]], {{IAST|Chānakya}}, akan menentukan masa penulisan ''Arthaśāstra'' sekitar [[abad ke-4 SM]].<ref name="Mabbett 1964">Mabbett 1964</ref> Meski demikian, kesamaan dengan berbagai [[smrti]] dan kitab referensi lainnya akan menimbulkan [[anakronisme]] sehingga kemungkinan ''Arthaśāstra'' ditulis dari abad ke-2 hingga ke-4 M.<ref>Trautmann 1971:"The Ages of the ''Arthaśāstra''", 167–187.<br />Mabbett 1964</ref> K.C. Ojha mengemukakan pandangan bahwa penyamaan {{IAST|Vishnugupta}} dengan {{IAST|Kautilya}} disebabkan karena kesalahan dalam mengenali editor dan penulisnya sehingga ia berpendapat bahwa sesungguhnya {{IAST|Vishnugupta}} adalah redaktur karya yang murni ditulis oleh {{IAST|Kautilya}}.<ref name="Mabbett 1964"/> Thomas Burrow berpendapat bahwa {{IAST|Chānakya and Kautilya}} sesungguhnya adalah dua orang yang berbeda.<ref>Trautmann 1971:67 'T. Burrow ("{{IAST|Chānakya and Kautalya}}", ''Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute 48–49'' 1968, p. 17 ff.) has now shown that {{IAST|Chānakya}} is also a ''[[gotra]]'' name, which in conjunction with other evidence makes it clear that we are dealing with two distinct persons, the minister {{IAST|Cānakya}} of legend and {{IAST|Kautilya}} the compiler of the ''Arthaśāstra''. Furthermore, this throws the balance of evidence in favor of the view that the second name was originally spelt ''{{IAST|Kautalya}}'' and that after the compiler of the ''Arth''. came to be identified with the Mauryan minister it was altered to {{IAST|Kautilya}} (as it appears in Āryaśūra, Viśākhadatta and Bāna) for the sake of the pun. We may then assume that the later spelling subsequently replaced the earlier in the ''[[gotra]]'' lists and elsewhere.'</ref>
@@ Baris 5: / Baris 5: @@
 == Catatan kaki ==
 {{reflist|2}}
+[[Kategori:Susastra Hindu]]
+[[Kategori:Buku klasik]]
 {{hindu-stub}}
-[[Kategori:Susastra Hindu]]
-[[bn:অর্থশাস্ত্র]]
-[[cs:Arthašástra]]
-[[de:Arthashastra]]
-[[en:Arthashastra]]
-[[eo:Arthaŝastra]]
-[[es:Artha-shastra]]
-[[fi:Arthashastra]]
-[[fr:Arthashâstra]]
-[[hi:अर्थशास्त्र ग्रन्थ]]
-[[it:Arthaśāstra]]
-[[ja:実利論]]
-[[kk:Артхашастра]]
-[[ko:아르타 샤스트라]]
-[[ky:Артхашастра]]
-[[lt:Arthašastros]]
-[[ml:അർത്ഥശാസ്ത്രം]]
-[[mr:कौटिलीय अर्थशास्त्र]]
-[[no:Arthashastra]]
-[[pl:Arthaśastra]]
-[[pnb:ارتھ شاستر]]
-[[pt:Arthashastra]]
-[[ru:Артха-шастра]]
-[[simple:Arthashastra]]
-[[sv:Arthashastra]]
-[[ta:அர்த்தசாஸ்திரம்]]
-[[tr:Arthashastra]]
-[[uk:Артхашастра]]