Studi Alkitab: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Fitur saranan suntingan: 2 pranala ditambahkan. |
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{{Bible related}} |
{{Bible related}} |
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'''Studi Alkitab''' ({{lang-en|Biblical studies}} adalah aplikasi akademik serangkaian [[:en:Discipline (specialism)|disiplin ilmu]] untuk mempelajari [[Alkitab Ibrani]] dan [[Alkitab]] [[Kristen]].<ref name=Oxf17/><ref name=Steve11>''Introduction to Biblical Studies, Second Edition'' by Steve Moyise (Oct 27, 2004) ISBN 0567083977 pages 11–12</ref> Teori dan metode bidang tersebut diambil dari berbagai disiplin ilmu yang meliputi [[arkeologi]], [[sejarah]] purbakala, latar belakang budaya, [[kritik teks]], [[kritik sastra]], latar belakang sejarah, [[filologi]], dan [[ilmu sosial]].<ref name=Oxf17/> |
'''Studi Alkitab''' ({{lang-en|Biblical studies}} adalah aplikasi akademik serangkaian [[:en:Discipline (specialism)|disiplin ilmu]] untuk mempelajari [[Alkitab Ibrani]] dan [[Alkitab]] [[Kristen]].<ref name=Oxf17/><ref name="Steve11">''Introduction to Biblical Studies, Second Edition'' by Steve Moyise (Oct 27, 2004) ISBN 0567083977 pages 11–12</ref> Teori dan metode bidang tersebut diambil dari berbagai disiplin ilmu yang meliputi [[arkeologi]], [[sejarah]] purbakala, latar belakang budaya, [[kritik teks]], [[kritik sastra]], latar belakang sejarah, [[filologi]], dan [[ilmu sosial]].<ref name=Oxf17/> |
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Many secular as well as religious universities and colleges offer courses in biblical studies, usually in departments of [[religious studies]], [[theology]], [[Judaic studies]], history, or [[comparative literature]]. Biblical scholars do not necessarily have a [[faith]] commitment to the texts they study, but many do. |
Many secular as well as religious universities and colleges offer courses in biblical studies, usually in departments of [[religious studies]], [[theology]], [[Judaic studies]], history, or [[comparative literature]]. Biblical scholars do not necessarily have a [[faith]] commitment to the texts they study, but many do. |
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== Definisi == |
== Definisi == |
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Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies mendefinisikan bidang ini sebagai suatu set berbagai, dan pada sejumlah kasus disiplin-disiplin studi independen untuk mempelajari koleksi teks-teks kuno yang dikenal sebagai Alkitab.<ref name=Oxf17>''The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies'' by J. W. Rogerson and Judith M. Lieu (May 18, 2006) ISBN 0199254257 page xvii</ref> Disiplin-disiplin ini termasuk tetapi tidak terbatas pada [[arkeologi]], [[:En:Egyptology|Ilmu tentang Mesir]], [[ |
''Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies'' mendefinisikan bidang ini sebagai suatu set berbagai disiplin studi, dan pada sejumlah kasus disiplin-disiplin studi independen untuk mempelajari koleksi teks-teks kuno yang dikenal sebagai Alkitab.<ref name="Oxf17">''The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies'' by J. W. Rogerson and Judith M. Lieu (May 18, 2006) ISBN 0199254257 page xvii</ref> Disiplin-disiplin ini termasuk tetapi tidak terbatas pada [[arkeologi]], [[:En:Egyptology|Ilmu tentang Mesir]], [[kritik teks]], [[linguistik]], [[sejarah]], [[sosiologi]] dan [[teologi]].<ref name=Oxf17/> |
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==Academic societies== |
==Academic societies== |
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Several academic associations and societies promote research in the field. The largest is the [[Society of Biblical Literature]] (SBL) with around 8,500 members in more than 80 countries. It publishes many books and journals in the biblical studies, including its flagship, the [[Journal of Biblical Literature]]. SBL hosts one academic conference in North America and another international conference each year, as well as smaller regional meetings. |
Several academic associations and societies promote research in the field. The largest is the [[Society of Biblical Literature]] (SBL) with around 8,500 members in more than 80 countries. It publishes many books and journals in the biblical studies, including its flagship, the [[Journal of Biblical Literature]]. SBL hosts one academic conference in North America and another international conference each year, as well as smaller regional meetings. |
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== Kritik Alkitab == |
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==Biblical criticism== |
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{{main article|Biblical criticism}} |
{{main article|Biblical criticism}} |
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The research of biblical scholars is frequently called [[biblical criticism]]. It does not presuppose, but also does not deny, belief in the supernatural origins of the scriptures. Instead, it applies to the Bible methods of textual analysis used in other disciplines of the humanities and social sciences. Many biblical scholars also interact with traditional Jewish and Christian interpreters and methods of interpretation, which may be called [[biblical hermeneutics|biblical exegesis or hermeneutics]] and history of interpretation or reception history. |
The research of biblical scholars is frequently called [[biblical criticism]]. It does not presuppose, but also does not deny, belief in the supernatural origins of the scriptures. Instead, it applies to the Bible methods of textual analysis used in other disciplines of the humanities and social sciences. Many biblical scholars also interact with traditional Jewish and Christian interpreters and methods of interpretation, which may be called [[biblical hermeneutics|biblical exegesis or hermeneutics]] and history of interpretation or reception history. |
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== Kritik teks == |
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Textual criticism is a branch of textual scholarship, philology, and literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in texts, both manuscripts and printed books. Ancient scribes made errors or alterations when copying manuscripts by hand.Given a manuscript copy, several or many copies, but not the original document, the textual critic seeks to reconstruct the original text (the archetype or autograph) as closely as possible. The same processes can be used to attempt to reconstruct intermediate editions, or recensions, of a document's transcription history.The ultimate objective of the textual critic's work is the production of a "critical edition" containing a text most closely approximating the original. |
Textual criticism is a branch of textual scholarship, philology, and literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in texts, both manuscripts and printed books. Ancient scribes made errors or alterations when copying manuscripts by hand.Given a manuscript copy, several or many copies, but not the original document, the textual critic seeks to reconstruct the original text (the archetype or autograph) as closely as possible. The same processes can be used to attempt to reconstruct intermediate editions, or recensions, of a document's transcription history.The ultimate objective of the textual critic's work is the production of a "critical edition" containing a text most closely approximating the original. |
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Ada tiga pendekatan fundamental to textual criticism: eclecticism, stemmatics, and copy-text editing. Techniques from the biological discipline of cladistics are currently also being used to determine the relationships between manuscripts. |
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The phrase "lower criticism" is used to describe the contrast between textual criticism and "higher criticism", which is the endeavor to establish the authorship, date, and place of composition of the original text. |
The phrase "lower criticism" is used to describe the contrast between textual criticism and "higher criticism", which is the endeavor to establish the authorship, date, and place of composition of the original text. |
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== Sejarah Alkitab == |
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Riset sejarah sering mendominasi studi alkitabiah modern. Para sarjana Alkitab biasanya mencoba menafsirkan suatu teks di dalam konteks sejarah asli dan menggunakan informasi apapun yang tersedia untuk merekonstruksi setting itu. [[Kritik sejarah]] bertujuan untuk menentukan asal-usul, kepengarangan, dan proses penyusunan teks-teks kuno. Teori-teori terkenal kritik sejarah termasuk [[hipotesis dokumen]], yang pernah mengusulkan bahwa [[Taurat]] tersusun dari kompilasi empat sumber tertulis yang berbeda, dan berbagai rekonstruksi "[[Yesus]] yang bersejarah", yang didasarkan terutama pada perbedaan-perbedaan di antara kitab-kitab [[Injil|Injil Kanonik]]. |
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Historical research has often dominated modern biblical studies. Biblical scholars usually try to interpret a particular text within its original historical context and use whatever information is available to reconstruct that setting. [[Historical criticism]] aims to determine the [[provenance]], authorship, and process by which ancient texts were composed. Famous theories of historical criticism include the [[documentary hypothesis]], which suggests that the [[Pentateuch]] was compiled from four different written sources, and different reconstructions of "the historical Jesus", which are based primarily on the differences between the canonical Gospels. |
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== Bahasa asli == |
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Kebanyakan [[Alkitab Ibrani]], [[Tanakh]], yang menjadi dasar [[Perjanjian Lama]] [[Alkitab]] [[Kristen]], ditulis dalam [[bahasa Ibrani]] alkitabiah, meskipun sejumlah pasal ditulis dalam [[bahasa Aram]] alkitabiah. [[Perjanjian Baru]] ditulis dalam [[bahasa Yunani Koine]], dengan kemungkinan [[Bahasa Aram Yesus|pengaruh bahasa Aram]], sebagaimana terjemahan pertama Alkitab Ibrani ke dalam bahasa Yunani Perjanjian Lama yang dikenal sebagai [[Septuaginta]]. Karenanya, bahasa Ibrani, bahasa Yunani, dan kadang kala bahasa Aram terus diajarkan di sebagian besar universitas, college dan seminari yang mempunyai program kuat dalam bidang studi Alkitab. |
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==Original languages== |
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Most of the Jewish Bible, the [[Tanakh]], which is the basis of the Christian [[Old Testament]], was written in [[Biblical Hebrew]], though a few chapters were written in [[Biblical Aramaic]]. The [[New Testament]] was written in [[Koine Greek]], with possible [[Aramaic of Jesus|Aramaic undertones]], as was the first translation of the Jewish Bible known as the [[Septuagint]] or Greek Old Testament. Therefore, Hebrew, Greek and sometimes Aramaic continue to be taught in most universities, colleges and seminaries with strong programs in biblical studies. |
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== Lihat pula == |
== Lihat pula == |
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* [[:En:The Bible and history|Alkitab dan sejarah]] |
* [[:En:The Bible and history|Alkitab dan sejarah]] |
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* [[Hermeneutika Alkitab]] |
* [[Hermeneutika Alkitab]] |
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* [[Kronologi Alkitab]] |
* [[Kronologi Alkitab]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Kritik sejarah (Alkitab)|Kritisisme tinggi]] |
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== Referensi == |
== Referensi == |
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== Pranala luar == |
== Pranala luar == |
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* [http://www.shepherdsbiblestudychapel.com/ Categorized Bible Study Articles] |
* [http://www.shepherdsbiblestudychapel.com/ Categorized Bible Study Articles] |
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* [http://www.stayingintheword.com/ Bible Studies - Staying in the Word] |
* [http://www.stayingintheword.com/ Bible Studies - Staying in the Word] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312042701/http://www.stayingintheword.com/ |date=2017-03-12 }} |
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* [http://www.sbl-site.org/ Society of Biblical Literature] |
* [http://www.sbl-site.org/ Society of Biblical Literature] |
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* [http://www.academic-bible.com/en/ AcademicBible.com from the German Bible Society] |
* [http://www.academic-bible.com/en/ AcademicBible.com from the German Bible Society] |
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* [http://www.wabashcenter.wabash.edu/resources/result-browse.aspx?topic=622&pid=619 Wabash Center's Internet Guide to Religion: Bible] |
* [http://www.wabashcenter.wabash.edu/resources/result-browse.aspx?topic=622&pid=619 Wabash Center's Internet Guide to Religion: Bible] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011214337/http://www.wabashcenter.wabash.edu/resources/result-browse.aspx?topic=622&pid=619 |date=2013-10-11 }} |
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* [http://freebiblestudiesonline.org/ Free Bible Studies Online] |
* [http://freebiblestudiesonline.org/ Free Bible Studies Online] |
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{{Christian theology}} |
{{Christian theology}} |
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{{The Bible and history}}--> |
{{The Bible and history}}--> |
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{{Kitab-kitab Alkitab}} |
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[[Kategori:Studi Alkitab| ]] |
[[Kategori:Studi Alkitab| ]] |
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Revisi terkini sejak 26 Januari 2023 16.40
| Bagian dari seri |
| Alkitab |
|---|
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Kanon Alkitab dan kitab-kitabnya |
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Tanakh (Taurat · Nevi'im · Ketuvim) Kanon Alkitab Kristen · Alkitab Ibrani Perjanjian Lama (PL) · Perjanjian Baru (PB) Deuterokanonika · Antilegomena Bab dan ayat dalam Alkitab Apokrifa: (Yahudi · PL · PB) |
| Perkembangan dan Penulisan |
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Terjemahan dan Naskah |
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Taurat Samaria Gulungan Laut Mati Teks Masorah Targum · Pesyita Septuaginta · Vulgata Alkitab Goth · Vetus Latina Alkitab Luther · Alkitab Inggris · Alkitab Indonesia |
| Studi |
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Kode Alkitab Novum Testamentum Graece Hipotesis dokumen Kategori PB Konsistensi internal Arkeologi · Artefak |
| Tafsir |
| Hermeneutika · Pesyer · Midras · Pardes · Penafsiran alegori Alkitab · Literalisme · Nubuat · Homoseksualitas |
| Daftar dan Garis besar topik |
| Artefak · Nama · Tokoh |
Studi Alkitab (bahasa Inggris: Biblical studies adalah aplikasi akademik serangkaian disiplin ilmu untuk mempelajari Alkitab Ibrani dan Alkitab Kristen.[1][2] Teori dan metode bidang tersebut diambil dari berbagai disiplin ilmu yang meliputi arkeologi, sejarah purbakala, latar belakang budaya, kritik teks, kritik sastra, latar belakang sejarah, filologi, dan ilmu sosial.[1]
Definisi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies mendefinisikan bidang ini sebagai suatu set berbagai disiplin studi, dan pada sejumlah kasus disiplin-disiplin studi independen untuk mempelajari koleksi teks-teks kuno yang dikenal sebagai Alkitab.[1] Disiplin-disiplin ini termasuk tetapi tidak terbatas pada arkeologi, Ilmu tentang Mesir, kritik teks, linguistik, sejarah, sosiologi dan teologi.[1]
Sejarah Alkitab
[sunting | sunting sumber]Riset sejarah sering mendominasi studi alkitabiah modern. Para sarjana Alkitab biasanya mencoba menafsirkan suatu teks di dalam konteks sejarah asli dan menggunakan informasi apapun yang tersedia untuk merekonstruksi setting itu. Kritik sejarah bertujuan untuk menentukan asal-usul, kepengarangan, dan proses penyusunan teks-teks kuno. Teori-teori terkenal kritik sejarah termasuk hipotesis dokumen, yang pernah mengusulkan bahwa Taurat tersusun dari kompilasi empat sumber tertulis yang berbeda, dan berbagai rekonstruksi "Yesus yang bersejarah", yang didasarkan terutama pada perbedaan-perbedaan di antara kitab-kitab Injil Kanonik.
Bahasa asli
[sunting | sunting sumber]Kebanyakan Alkitab Ibrani, Tanakh, yang menjadi dasar Perjanjian Lama Alkitab Kristen, ditulis dalam bahasa Ibrani alkitabiah, meskipun sejumlah pasal ditulis dalam bahasa Aram alkitabiah. Perjanjian Baru ditulis dalam bahasa Yunani Koine, dengan kemungkinan pengaruh bahasa Aram, sebagaimana terjemahan pertama Alkitab Ibrani ke dalam bahasa Yunani Perjanjian Lama yang dikenal sebagai Septuaginta. Karenanya, bahasa Ibrani, bahasa Yunani, dan kadang kala bahasa Aram terus diajarkan di sebagian besar universitas, college dan seminari yang mempunyai program kuat dalam bidang studi Alkitab.
Lihat pula
[sunting | sunting sumber]Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ a b c d The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies by J. W. Rogerson and Judith M. Lieu (May 18, 2006) ISBN 0199254257 page xvii
- ^ Introduction to Biblical Studies, Second Edition by Steve Moyise (Oct 27, 2004) ISBN 0567083977 pages 11–12
Pustaka tambahan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- The Cambridge History of the Bible, 3 vols., eds. P. R. Ackroyd, C. F. Evans, S. L. Greenslade and G. W. H. Lampe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1963, 1969, 1970.
- Frei, Hans. The Eclipse of Biblical Narrative: A Study in Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century Hermeneutics. New Haven: Yale, 1974.
- Greenspahn, Frederick E. "Biblical Scholars, Medieval and Modern," in J. Neusner et al. (eds.), Judaic Perspectives on Ancient Israel (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1987), pp. 245–258.
- Harrison, Peter. The Bible, Protestantism, and the Rise of Natural Science. Cambridge: Cambridge U.P., 2001.
- Harrisville, Roy A. & Walter Sundberg. The Bible in Modern Culture: Baruch Spinoza to Brevard Childs. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2001.
- Knight, Douglas A. and Gene M. Tucker, eds. The Hebrew Bible and Its Modern Interpreters. Philadelphia: Fortress/Chico: Scholars Press, 1985.
- Nicholson, Ernest W. The Pentateuch in the Twentieth Century: The Legacy of Julius Wellhausen. Oxford: Clarendon, 1998.
- Noll, Mark A. Between Faith and Criticism: Evangelicals, Scholarship, and the Bible in America. Harper & Row, 1986.
- Reventlow, Henning Graf. The Authority of the Bible and the Rise of the Modern World. Tr. J. Bowden. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1985.
- Sherwood, Yvonne and Stephen D. Moore. The Invention of the Biblical Scholar: A Critical Manifesto. Fortress, 2011.
- Sperling, S. David. Students of the Covenant: A History of Jewish Biblical Scholarship in North America. Atlanta Scholars Press, 1992.
- Sugirtharajah, R.S. The Bible and the Third World: Precolonial, Colonial, and Postcolonial Encounters. Cambridge: Cambridge U.P., 2001.
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Categorized Bible Study Articles
- Bible Studies - Staying in the Word Diarsipkan 2017-03-12 di Wayback Machine.
- Society of Biblical Literature
- AcademicBible.com from the German Bible Society
- Wabash Center's Internet Guide to Religion: Bible Diarsipkan 2013-10-11 di Wayback Machine.
- Free Bible Studies Online