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| birth_name = Artúr Kösztler
| birth_name = Artúr Kösztler
| birth_date = 5 September 1905
| birth_date = 5 September 1905
| birth_place = [[Budapest]], [[Austria-Hongaria]]
| birth_place = [[Budapest]], [[Austria-Hungaria]]
| death_date = 1 Maret 1983 (usia 77)
| death_date = 1 Maret 1983 (usia 77)
| death_place = [[London]], Inggris
| death_place = [[London]], Inggris
| occupation = Novelis, esayis, wartawan
| occupation = Novelis, esayis, wartawan
| nationality = Hongaria, Inggris
| nationality = Hungaria, Inggris
| citizenship = Warga negara Inggris [[naturaliasi]]
| citizenship = Warga negara Inggris [[naturaliasi]]
| period = 1934–1983
| period = 1934–1983
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| portaldisp =
| portaldisp =
}}
}}
'''Arthur Koestler''', {{post-nominals|CBE}} ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|k|ɜ|s|t|l|ər}}, {{IPAc-en|US|ˈ|k|ɛ|s|t|-}}; {{IPA-de|ˈkœstlɐ|lang}}; {{lang-hu|Kösztler Artúr}}; {{lahirmati||5|9|1905||1|3|1983}}) adalah seorang penulis dan wartawan Hongaria-Inggris. Koestler lahir di Budapest dan belajar di Austria. Pada 1931, Koestler masuk [[Partai Komunis Jerman]] sampai ia mundur pada 1938, karena tak menyenangi [[Stalinisme]]. Pada 1940, ia menerbitka novel ''[[Darkness at Noon]]'', sebuah karya anti-[[totalitarian]] yang memberikannya ketenaran mancanegara. Sepanjang 43 tahun berikutnya, dari kediamannya di Inggris, Koestler mengamati banyak peristiwa politik, dan penulis novel, memoir, biografi dan sejumlah esai. Pada 1968, ia dianugerahi [[Penghargaan Sonning]] "atas jasa menonjol[nya] terhadap budaya Eropa". Pada 1972, ia diangkat menjadi [[Order of the British Empire|Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (CBE). Pada 1976, ia didiagnosa terserang [[Penyakit Parkinson]]. Pada 1979, ia terserang [[leukimia]].<ref>A. & C. Koestler (ACK) ''[[Stranger on the Square]]'', London: Hutchinson 1984, {{ISBN|978-0-09-154330-3}}, p. 10.</ref> Pada 1983, ia dan istrinya melakukan [[bunuh diri]] di rumah mereka di London.
'''Arthur Koestler''', {{post-nominals|CBE}} ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|k|ɜ|s|t|l|ər}}, {{IPAc-en|US|ˈ|k|ɛ|s|t|-}}; {{IPA-de|ˈkœstlɐ|lang}}; {{lang-hu|Kösztler Artúr}}; {{lahirmati||5|9|1905||1|3|1983}}) adalah seorang penulis dan wartawan Hungaria-Inggris. Koestler lahir di Budapest dan belajar di Austria. Pada 1931, Koestler masuk [[Partai Komunis Jerman]] sampai ia mundur pada 1938, karena tak menyenangi [[Stalinisme]]. Pada 1940, ia menerbitka novel ''[[Darkness at Noon]]'', sebuah karya anti-[[totalitarian]] yang memberikannya ketenaran mancanegara. Sepanjang 43 tahun berikutnya, dari kediamannya di Inggris, Koestler mengamati banyak peristiwa politik, dan penulis novel, memoir, biografi dan sejumlah esai. Pada 1968, ia dianugerahi [[Penghargaan Sonning]] "atas jasa menonjolnya terhadap budaya Eropa". Pada 1972, ia diangkat menjadi [[Order of the British Empire|Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (CBE). Pada 1976, ia didiagnosa terserang [[Penyakit Parkinson]]. Pada 1979, ia terserang [[leukemia]].<ref>A. & C. Koestler (ACK) ''[[Stranger on the Square]]'', London: Hutchinson 1984, {{ISBN|978-0-09-154330-3}}, p. 10.</ref> Pada 1983, ia dan istrinya melakukan [[bunuh diri]] di rumah mereka di London.

== Karya ==

* ''Spanish Testament'' (1937)
* ''Darkness at Noon'' (1940)
* ''Arrival and Departure'' (1943)
* ''The God That Failed.''<ref name=":02">{{Cite book|last=Kurnia|first=Anton|date=2019|title=Ensiklopedia Sastra Dunia|location=Yogyakarta|publisher=Diva Press|isbn=978-602-391-662-7|pages=45|url-status=live}}</ref>


== Referensi ==
== Referensi ==
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090810172849/http://www.bobolinkbooks.com/BALLAST/AK.html Remembering Arthur Koestler]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090810172849/http://www.bobolinkbooks.com/BALLAST/AK.html Remembering Arthur Koestler]
* [http://www.veoh.com/videos/v16957388TD4mYmTb?rank=1&jsonParams=%7B%22numResults%22%3A20%2C%22rlmin%22%3A0%2C%22query%22%3A%22arthur+koestler%22%2C%22rlmax%22%3Anull%2C%22veohOnly%22%3Atrue%2C%22order%22%3A%22default%22%2C%22range%22%3A%22a%22%2C%22sId%22%3A%22350463963247838621%22%7D&searchId=350463963247838621&rank=2 Autobiographical Video-Interview with Arthur Koestler in French with German sub-titles and comments]
* [http://www.veoh.com/videos/v16957388TD4mYmTb?rank=1&jsonParams=%7B%22numResults%22%3A20%2C%22rlmin%22%3A0%2C%22query%22%3A%22arthur+koestler%22%2C%22rlmax%22%3Anull%2C%22veohOnly%22%3Atrue%2C%22order%22%3A%22default%22%2C%22range%22%3A%22a%22%2C%22sId%22%3A%22350463963247838621%22%7D&searchId=350463963247838621&rank=2 Autobiographical Video-Interview with Arthur Koestler in French with German sub-titles and comments]
* [http://city-journal.org/html/17_2_oh_to_be.html 2007 ''City Journal'' article on Koestler]
* [http://city-journal.org/html/17_2_oh_to_be.html 2007 ''City Journal'' article on Koestler] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070509150607/http://www.city-journal.org/html/17_2_oh_to_be.html |date=2007-05-09 }}
* [http://www.draken.com/ahellas/koestler.html Arthur Koestler Project]
* [http://www.draken.com/ahellas/koestler.html Arthur Koestler Project]
*{{cite journal| url=http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/2976/the-art-of-fiction-no-80-arthur-koestler| title=Arthur Koestler, The Art of Fiction No. 80| author=[[Duncan Fallowell]]| date=Summer 1984| work=[[The Paris Review]] }}
* {{cite journal| url=http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/2976/the-art-of-fiction-no-80-arthur-koestler| title=Arthur Koestler, The Art of Fiction No. 80| author=[[Duncan Fallowell]]| date=Summer 1984| work=[[The Paris Review]] }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090715173711/http://www.ilsa.de/frmthryohs.html ''General Properties of Koestler's Open hierarchical Systems'']
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090715173711/http://www.ilsa.de/frmthryohs.html ''General Properties of Koestler's Open hierarchical Systems'']
* [http://koestlerarthur.fw.hu Hungarian site on Koestler]
* [http://koestlerarthur.fw.hu Hungarian site on Koestler]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927200549/http://www.forteantimes.com/features/profiles/118/arthur_koestler.html Koestler's Legacy]&nbsp;– ''[[Fortean Times]]'' article on the centenary of Koestler's birth
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927200549/http://www.forteantimes.com/features/profiles/118/arthur_koestler.html Koestler's Legacy]&nbsp;– ''[[Fortean Times]]'' article on the centenary of Koestler's birth
* [http://www.koestler-parapsychology.psy.ed.ac.uk/ Koestler Parapsychology Unit]&nbsp;– Koestler and his third spouse left a large sum of money for research into parapsychology: this funded, among other things, the Koestler Parapsychology Unit at [[Edinburgh University]]
* [http://www.koestler-parapsychology.psy.ed.ac.uk/ Koestler Parapsychology Unit]&nbsp;– Koestler and his third spouse left a large sum of money for research into parapsychology: this funded, among other things, the Koestler Parapsychology Unit at [[Edinburgh University]]
* [http://www.bodysoulandspirit.net/mystical_experiences/read/notables/koestler.shtml Mystical Experiences of Arthur Koestler]
* [http://www.bodysoulandspirit.net/mystical_experiences/read/notables/koestler.shtml Mystical Experiences of Arthur Koestler] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507090910/http://www.bodysoulandspirit.net/mystical_experiences/read/notables/koestler.shtml |date=2016-05-07 }}
* {{Books and Writers |id=koestler |name=Arthur Koestler}}
* {{Books and Writers |id=koestler |name=Arthur Koestler}}
* [http://www.koestlertrust.org.uk/ The Koestler Trust]
* [http://www.koestlertrust.org.uk/ The Koestler Trust] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160516011750/https://www.koestlertrust.org.uk/ |date=2016-05-16 }}
* [[q:Arthur Koestler|Arthur Koestler]] at [[Wikiquote]]
* [http://www.c-span.org/video/?290990-1/qa-michael-scammell C-SPAN ''Q&A'' interview with Scammell about ''Koestler: The Literary and Political Odyssey of a Twentieth-Century Skeptic'', 10 January 2010]
* [http://www.c-span.org/video/?290990-1/qa-michael-scammell C-SPAN ''Q&A'' interview with Scammell about ''Koestler: The Literary and Political Odyssey of a Twentieth-Century Skeptic'', 10 January 2010]


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{{Penerima Penghargaan Sonning}}
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[[Category:Lamarckisme]]
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Revisi terkini sejak 6 Juni 2023 04.14

Untuk buku karya Mark Levene, lihat Arthur Koestler (buku).
Arthur Koestler
Arthur Koestler (1969)
Arthur Koestler (1969)
LahirArtúr Kösztler
5 September 1905
Budapest, Austria-Hungaria
Meninggal1 Maret 1983 (usia 77)
London, Inggris
PekerjaanNovelis, esayis, wartawan
KebangsaanHungaria, Inggris
KewarganegaraanWarga negara Inggris naturaliasi
Periode1934–1983
TemaFiksi, non-fiksi, sejarah, autobiografi, politik, filsafat, psikologi, parapsikologi, sains
Karya terkenalDarkness at Noon
The Thirteenth Tribe
PenghargaanPenghargaan Sonning (1968)
CBE (1972)
PasanganDorothy Ascher (1935–50)
Mamaine Paget (1950–52)
Cynthia Jefferies[1] (1965–83)

Arthur Koestler, CBE (UK /ˈkɜːstlər/, US /ˈkɛst-/; Jerman: [ˈkœstlɐ]; bahasa Hungaria: Kösztler Artúr; 5 September 1905 – 1 Maret 1983) adalah seorang penulis dan wartawan Hungaria-Inggris. Koestler lahir di Budapest dan belajar di Austria. Pada 1931, Koestler masuk Partai Komunis Jerman sampai ia mundur pada 1938, karena tak menyenangi Stalinisme. Pada 1940, ia menerbitka novel Darkness at Noon, sebuah karya anti-totalitarian yang memberikannya ketenaran mancanegara. Sepanjang 43 tahun berikutnya, dari kediamannya di Inggris, Koestler mengamati banyak peristiwa politik, dan penulis novel, memoir, biografi dan sejumlah esai. Pada 1968, ia dianugerahi Penghargaan Sonning "atas jasa menonjolnya terhadap budaya Eropa". Pada 1972, ia diangkat menjadi Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE). Pada 1976, ia didiagnosa terserang Penyakit Parkinson. Pada 1979, ia terserang leukemia.[2] Pada 1983, ia dan istrinya melakukan bunuh diri di rumah mereka di London.

Karya

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  • Spanish Testament (1937)
  • Darkness at Noon (1940)
  • Arrival and Departure (1943)
  • The God That Failed.[3]

Referensi

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  1. ^ There is a discrepancy between the various biographers in the spelling of the surname. David Cesarani uses the spelling Jeffries, Iain Hamilton, Harold Harris; in his Introduction to Living with Koestler: Mamaine Koestler's Letters 1945–51, Celia Goodman in the same book and Mark Levene in Arthur Koestler spell it Jefferies.
  2. ^ A. & C. Koestler (ACK) Stranger on the Square, London: Hutchinson 1984, ISBN 978-0-09-154330-3, p. 10.
  3. ^ Kurnia, Anton (2019). Ensiklopedia Sastra Dunia. Yogyakarta: Diva Press. hlm. 45. ISBN 978-602-391-662-7. 

Bacaan tambahan

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Biografi Koestler

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Pranala luar

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