Perang Chechnya II: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox military conflict |
{{Infobox military conflict |
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|partof=[[Konflik Chechnya–Rusia]] |
|partof=[[Konflik Chechnya–Rusia]] |
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|image=[[File:Russian troops firing from.jpg|288px]] |
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|image= |
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|caption= Tentara Rusia |
|caption= Tentara Rusia menembakan Artileri ke Arah Pemberontak Chechnya |
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(terdapat Gedung yang sedikit Hancur) |
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|conflict=Perang Chechnya II |
|conflict=Perang Chechnya II |
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|date=Fase pertempuran: 26 Agustus 1999 – Mei 2000<ref name="bbc-endwar"/><br>Fase pemberontakan: Juni 2000 – 15 April 2009<br>({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=08|day1=26|year1=1999|month2=04|day2=16|year2=2009}}) |
|date=Fase pertempuran: 26 Agustus 1999 – Mei 2000<ref name="bbc-endwar"/><br>Fase pemberontakan: Juni 2000 – 15 April 2009<br>({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=08|day1=26|year1=1999|month2=04|day2=16|year2=2009}}) |
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|strength1=~80.000 (pada 1999) |
|strength1=~80.000 (pada 1999) |
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|strength2=~22.000<ref>[http://old.cry.ru/text.shtml?199911/19991104131700.inc Федеральным силам в Чечне противостоят 22 тыс. боевиков] Russian Ministry of Defense {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927183744/http://old.cry.ru/text.shtml?199911%2F19991104131700.inc |date=27 September 2007 }}</ref>–30.000<ref>{{Google books|id=hd3FAAAAQBAJ|page=237|title=War Veterans in Postwar Situations: Chechnya, Serbia, Turkey, Peru, and Côte D’Ivoire}} Nathalie Duclos, 2012, ISBN 9781137109743, page 237</ref><br>(pada 1999) |
|strength2=~22.000<ref>[http://old.cry.ru/text.shtml?199911/19991104131700.inc Федеральным силам в Чечне противостоят 22 тыс. боевиков] Russian Ministry of Defense {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927183744/http://old.cry.ru/text.shtml?199911%2F19991104131700.inc |date=27 September 2007 }}</ref>–30.000<ref>{{Google books|id=hd3FAAAAQBAJ|page=237|title=War Veterans in Postwar Situations: Chechnya, Serbia, Turkey, Peru, and Côte D’Ivoire}} Nathalie Duclos, 2012, ISBN 9781137109743, page 237</ref><br>(pada 1999) |
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|casualties1=3.536–3.635 prajurit,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=24&art_id=qw1140958803801B262|title=Thousands of Russians killed in Chechnya|author=Independent Newspapers Online|work=Independent Online|accessdate=20 May 2015|archive-date=2012-08-02|archive-url=https://archive. |
|casualties1=3.536–3.635 prajurit,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=24&art_id=qw1140958803801B262|title=Thousands of Russians killed in Chechnya|author=Independent Newspapers Online|work=Independent Online|accessdate=20 May 2015|archive-date=2012-08-02|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120802092808/http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=24&art_id=qw1140958803801B262|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wps.ru/en/pp/military/2008/02/01.html|title=Defense and Security / PressPATROL / Media Monitoring Agency WPS|work=wps.ru|accessdate=20 May 2015}}</ref> 2,364–2.572 Petugas Kementerian Dalam Negeri,<ref>[http://www.russialist.org/7067-8.php Second Chechen campaign takes its toll] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005011346/http://www.russialist.org/7067-8.php |date=5 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.rian.ru/russia/20070621/67579434.html|title=S. Russia police foiled 30 terrorist acts since Jan. -prosecutor | Russia | RIA Novosti|publisher=En.rian.ru|date=21 June 2007|accessdate=17 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Sean|url=http://seansrussiablog.org/2006/08/30/interior-ministry-releases-casualties-in-chechnya/|title=Interior Ministry Releases Casualties in Chechnya|publisher=Seansrussiablog.org|accessdate=17 October 2011}}{{failed verification|date=October 2014}}</ref> 1.072 Petugas polisi Chechnya<ref>{{cite web|url=https://groups.yahoo.com/group/chechnya-sl/message/53850|title=More than 1,000 Chechen police died in anti-terrorist operations – Chechen Interior Ministry|publisher=Groups.yahoo.com|accessdate=17 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=WPS observer|url=http://www.wps.ru/en/pp/military/2008/02/01.html|title=On losses in Russian army|publisher=Wps.ru|accessdate=17 October 2011}}</ref> dan 106 anggota FSB dan GRU terbunuh<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historyguy.com/chechen_war_two.html|title=The Second Chechen War|work=historyguy.com|accessdate=20 May 2015}}</ref><br>'''Total terbunuh: 7.217–7.425'''* |
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|casualties2=14,113 militer terbunuh (1999–2002)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.strategypage.com/qnd/russia/articles/20021225.aspx |title=Russia: December 25, 2002 |publisher=Strategypage.com |accessdate=17 October 2011}}</ref><br>2,186 militan terbunuh (2003–2009)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.rian.ru/russia/20091007/156385557.html|title=Russia put 750 militants out of action in 2009 – Interior Ministry | Russia | RIA Novosti|publisher=En.rian.ru|date=1 October 2009|accessdate=17 October 2011}}</ref><br>'''Total terbunuh: 16.299''' |
|casualties2=14,113 militer terbunuh (1999–2002)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.strategypage.com/qnd/russia/articles/20021225.aspx |title=Russia: December 25, 2002 |publisher=Strategypage.com |accessdate=17 October 2011}}</ref><br>2,186 militan terbunuh (2003–2009)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.rian.ru/russia/20091007/156385557.html|title=Russia put 750 militants out of action in 2009 – Interior Ministry | Russia | RIA Novosti|publisher=En.rian.ru|date=1 October 2009|accessdate=17 October 2011}}</ref><br>'''Total terbunuh: 16.299''' |
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|casualties3='''[[Korban Perang Chechnya II|Korban sipil]]''':<br>Perkiraan lebih 25.000 terbunuh dan lebih 5.000 hilang di Chechnya (perkiraan [[Amnesty International|AI]])<ref>''[https://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/EUR46/015/2007/en/ef0ec058-d392-11dd-a329-2f46302a8cc6/eur460152007en.html What justice for Chechnya's disappeared?] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403220955/http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/EUR46/015/2007/en/ef0ec058-d392-11dd-a329-2f46302a8cc6/eur460152007en.html |date=3 April 2015 }}.'' AI Index: EUR 46/015/2007, 23 May 2007</ref><br>Perkiraan jumlah korban: |
|casualties3='''[[Korban Perang Chechnya II|Korban sipil]]''':<br>Perkiraan lebih 25.000 terbunuh dan lebih 5.000 hilang di Chechnya (perkiraan [[Amnesty International|AI]])<ref>''[https://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/EUR46/015/2007/en/ef0ec058-d392-11dd-a329-2f46302a8cc6/eur460152007en.html What justice for Chechnya's disappeared?] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403220955/http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/EUR46/015/2007/en/ef0ec058-d392-11dd-a329-2f46302a8cc6/eur460152007en.html |date=3 April 2015 }}.'' AI Index: EUR 46/015/2007, 23 May 2007</ref><br>Perkiraan jumlah korban: |
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Lebih dari '''600''' orang tewas dalam serangan Rusia.<br> |
Lebih dari '''600''' orang tewas dalam serangan Rusia.<br> |
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Perkiraan lainnya untuk warga sipil yang tewas '''150.000 sampai 250.000'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://groups.yahoo.com/group/chechnya-sl/message/45015|title=Yahoo! Groups|publisher=|accessdate=12 March 2017}}</ref><ref>[http://www.lifestyleextra.com/ShowStory.asp?story=QO2631422I&news_headline=chechen_leader_says_spy_died_a_hero Chechen leader says spy 'died a hero'] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225225427/http://www.lifestyleextra.com/ShowStory.asp?story=QO2631422I&news_headline=chechen_leader_says_spy_died_a_hero |date=25 February 2008 }}, [[Life Style Extra]], 27th November 2006</ref> |
Perkiraan lainnya untuk warga sipil yang tewas '''150.000 sampai 250.000'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://groups.yahoo.com/group/chechnya-sl/message/45015|title=Yahoo! Groups|publisher=|accessdate=12 March 2017}}</ref><ref>[http://www.lifestyleextra.com/ShowStory.asp?story=QO2631422I&news_headline=chechen_leader_says_spy_died_a_hero Chechen leader says spy 'died a hero'] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225225427/http://www.lifestyleextra.com/ShowStory.asp?story=QO2631422I&news_headline=chechen_leader_says_spy_died_a_hero |date=25 February 2008 }}, [[Life Style Extra]], 27th November 2006</ref> |
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<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mosnews.com/news/2004/11/19/civiliandeath.shtml|archive-url=https://archive. |
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mosnews.com/news/2004/11/19/civiliandeath.shtml|archive-url=https://archive.today/20041120124031/http://www.mosnews.com/news/2004/11/19/civiliandeath.shtml|dead-url=yes|archive-date=20 November 2004|title=Over 200,000 Killed in Chechnya Since 1994 — Pro-Moscow Official - NE…|date=20 November 2004|publisher=|accessdate=12 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="hrvc">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070821154629/http://www.hrvc.net/htmls/references.htm Civil and military casualties of the wars in Chechnya] [[Russian-Chechen Friendship Society]], 2003</ref> |
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<br><br>'''Total militer/sipil terbunuh: ~50.000–80.000'''<br><br> '''Perkiraan lain~150.000–250.000''' |
<br><br>'''Total militer/sipil terbunuh: ~50.000–80.000'''<br><br> '''Perkiraan lain~150.000–250.000''' |
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|notes=*[[Union of the Committees of Soldiers' Mothers of Russia|Committee of soldiers' mothers]] mempermasalahkan penghitungan pejabat pemerintah yang menghitung jumlah korban tewas dan mengklaim bahwa 14.000 prajurit Rusia tewas dalam perang 1999–2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spacewar.com/2005/050330150830.fsye02lj.html|title=Russia acknowledges 3,400 soldiers killed in Chechnya since 1999|publisher=Spacewar.com|date=30 March 2005 |accessdate=17 October 2011}}</ref> |
|notes=*[[Union of the Committees of Soldiers' Mothers of Russia|Committee of soldiers' mothers]] mempermasalahkan penghitungan pejabat pemerintah yang menghitung jumlah korban tewas dan mengklaim bahwa 14.000 prajurit Rusia tewas dalam perang 1999–2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spacewar.com/2005/050330150830.fsye02lj.html|title=Russia acknowledges 3,400 soldiers killed in Chechnya since 1999|publisher=Spacewar.com|date=30 March 2005 |accessdate=17 October 2011}}</ref> |
Revisi terkini sejak 16 September 2023 11.49
Perang Chechnya II | |||||||
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Bagian dari Konflik Chechnya–Rusia | |||||||
Tentara Rusia menembakan Artileri ke Arah Pemberontak Chechnya | |||||||
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Pihak terlibat | |||||||
Republik Chechnya Ichkeria (1999–2007) Front Kaukasus (2005–2007) Emirat Kaukasus (2007–2009) Mujahidin asing[1][2][3][4] | |||||||
Tokoh dan pemimpin | |||||||
Boris Yeltsin (sampai 31 Desember 1999) Vladimir Putin (sejak 31 Desember 1999) Igor Sergeyev Viktor Kazantsev Gennady Troshev Vladimir Boldyrev Alexander Baranov Anatoliy Serdyukov Sergei Ivanov Nikolai Patrushev Valentin Korabelnikov Anatoly Kvashnin Yuri Baluyevsky Akhmad Kadyrov † Alu Alkhanov Ramzan Kadyrov Sergey Abramov Mukhu Aliyev |
Aslan Maskhadov † Abdul Halim Sadulayev † Dokka Umarov Ilyas Akhmadov Turpal-Ali Atgeriyev † Isa Munayev Akhmed Avtorkhanov † Ibn al-Khattab † Abu al-Walid † Abu Hafs al-Urduni † Muhannad Ali Taziev Supyan Abdullayev Shamil Basayev † Ruslan Gelayev † Salman Raduyev † Sulim Yamadayev † Rappani Khalilov † Yassir al-Sudani Abdulla Kurd | ||||||
Kekuatan | |||||||
~80.000 (pada 1999) |
~22.000[6]–30.000[7] (pada 1999) | ||||||
Korban | |||||||
3.536–3.635 prajurit,[8][9] 2,364–2.572 Petugas Kementerian Dalam Negeri,[10][11][12] 1.072 Petugas polisi Chechnya[13][14] dan 106 anggota FSB dan GRU terbunuh[15] Total terbunuh: 7.217–7.425* |
14,113 militer terbunuh (1999–2002)[16] 2,186 militan terbunuh (2003–2009)[17] Total terbunuh: 16.299 | ||||||
Korban sipil: Total militer/sipil terbunuh: ~50.000–80.000 Perkiraan lain~150.000–250.000 | |||||||
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Perang Chechnya II adalah kampanye militer Rusia pada 1999 yang bertujuan mengembalikan daerah separatis Chechnya, yang setelah Perang Chechnya I, secara de facto memerdekakan diri dengan nama Republik Chechnya Ichkeria.
Konflik ini bahkan lebih parah daripada sebelumnya, karena serangan Rusia yang sedikit Brutal, tapi Konflik ini akhirnya selesai dan menjadi Akhir dari Konflik Chechnya-Rusia
Lihat pula
[sunting | sunting sumber]Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ "Turkish Volunteers in Chechnya". The Jamestown Foundation. Diakses tanggal 20 May 2015.
- ^ The Chechens: A Handbook, hlm. 237, pada Google Books
- ^ Politics of Conflict: A Survey, hlm. 68, pada Google Books
- ^ Energy and Security in the Caucasus, hlm. 66, pada Google Books
- ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag
<ref>
tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernamabbc-endwar
- ^ Федеральным силам в Чечне противостоят 22 тыс. боевиков Russian Ministry of Defense Diarsipkan 27 September 2007 di Wayback Machine.
- ^ War Veterans in Postwar Situations: Chechnya, Serbia, Turkey, Peru, and Côte D’Ivoire, hlm. 237, pada Google Books Nathalie Duclos, 2012, ISBN 9781137109743, page 237
- ^ Independent Newspapers Online. "Thousands of Russians killed in Chechnya". Independent Online. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-08-02. Diakses tanggal 20 May 2015.
- ^ "Defense and Security / PressPATROL / Media Monitoring Agency WPS". wps.ru. Diakses tanggal 20 May 2015.
- ^ Second Chechen campaign takes its toll Diarsipkan 5 October 2013 di Wayback Machine.
- ^ "S. Russia police foiled 30 terrorist acts since Jan. -prosecutor | Russia | RIA Novosti". En.rian.ru. 21 June 2007. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2011.
- ^ Sean. "Interior Ministry Releases Casualties in Chechnya". Seansrussiablog.org. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2011.[Verifikasi gagal]
- ^ "More than 1,000 Chechen police died in anti-terrorist operations – Chechen Interior Ministry". Groups.yahoo.com. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2011.
- ^ WPS observer. "On losses in Russian army". Wps.ru. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2011.
- ^ "The Second Chechen War". historyguy.com. Diakses tanggal 20 May 2015.
- ^ "Russia: December 25, 2002". Strategypage.com. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2011.
- ^ "Russia put 750 militants out of action in 2009 – Interior Ministry | Russia | RIA Novosti". En.rian.ru. 1 October 2009. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2011.
- ^ What justice for Chechnya's disappeared? Diarsipkan 3 April 2015 di Wayback Machine.. AI Index: EUR 46/015/2007, 23 May 2007
- ^ Sarah Reinke: Schleichender Völkermord in Tschetschenien. Verschwindenlassen – ethnische Verfolgung in Russland – Scheitern der internationalen Politik. Gesellschaft für bedrohte Völker, 2005, page 8 (PDF Diarsipkan 12 August 2014 di Wayback Machine.)
- ^ "Yahoo! Groups". Diakses tanggal 12 March 2017.
- ^ Chechen leader says spy 'died a hero' Diarsipkan 25 February 2008 di Wayback Machine., Life Style Extra, 27th November 2006
- ^ "Over 200,000 Killed in Chechnya Since 1994 — Pro-Moscow Official - NE…". 20 November 2004. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 20 November 2004. Diakses tanggal 12 March 2017.
- ^ Civil and military casualties of the wars in Chechnya Russian-Chechen Friendship Society, 2003
- ^ "Russia acknowledges 3,400 soldiers killed in Chechnya since 1999". Spacewar.com. 30 March 2005. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2011.