Codex Washingtonianus: Perbedaan antara revisi

Naskah
Uncial 032
	Sampul bergambar pada Codex Washingtonianus, melukiskan para penulis Kitab Injil, Lukas dan Markus (tambahan pada abad ke-7) Sampul bergambar pada Codex Washingtonianus, melukiskan para penulis Kitab Injil, Lukas dan Markus (tambahan pada abad ke-7)
Nama	Washingtonianus (Freer Gospel)
Tanda	W
Teks	Kitab-kitab Injil
Waktu	c. 400 M
Aksara	bahasa Yunani
Ditemukan	Mesir (dibeli oleh Charles Lang Freer)
Kini di	Freer Gallery of Art
Ukuran	187 lembar; 20.75 x 13.75 cm
Jenis	jenis teks eklektik
Kategori	III
Catatan	sisipan unik setelah ayat Markus16:14

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Revisi terkini sejak 12 Oktober 2023 02.49

Codex Washingtonianus atau Codex Washingtonensis, diberi kode W atau 032 (dalam penomoran Gregory-Aland), ε 014 (penomoran Soden), juga dikenal sebagai Washington Manuscript of the Gospels, dan The Freer Gospel, memuat keempat Kitab Injil Alkitab Perjanjian Baru dan ditulis dalam bahasa Yunani Koine pada bahan vellum pada abad ke-4 atau ke-5.^[1] Naskah ini dalam keadaan berlubang-lubang (lacunose).

Pemerian

Kodeks ini berupa sebuah buku yang terdiri dari 187 lembaran berukuran 20.5–21 cm kali 13-14.5 cm dengan sampul-sampul kayu bergambar, dari 26 quires (empat sampai delapan lembaran).^[2]

Teks ditulis dalam satu kolom per halaman, 30 baris per halaman.^[1] Terdapat banyak koreksi yang dilakukan oleh juru tulis mula-mula dan sejumlah lagi bertarikh akhir abad ke-5 atau abad ke-6. Yohanes 1:1–5:11 merupakan pengganti dari folio yang diduga rusak, dan bertarikh sekitar abad ke-7. Tidak memuat Markus 15:13–38 dan Yohanes 14:26–16:7. Tinta berwarna cokelat tua. Kata-kata ditulis bersambungan tanpa pemisah. Tanda-tanda aksen tidak ada. Tanda "pernafasan kasar" digunakan jarang-jarang.

Sebagaimana pada Codex Bezae urutan kitab-kitab Injil mengikuti urutan teks Western: Injil Matius, Injil Yohanes, Injil Lukas, Injil Markus.^[3]

Istilah-istilah nomina sacra berikut ditulis dalam bentuk singkatan: ΘΣ, ΚΣ, ΧΡΣ, ΙΣ, ΠΝΑ, ΑΝΟΣ, ΠΗΡ, ΜΗΡ, ΥΣ, ΔΑΔ (ΔΔ satu kali), ΙΗΛ (ΙΣΡΛ satu kali).^[4]

Matius 16:2b-3 ada dan tidak ditandai dengan "ragu-ragu". Lukas 22:43-44, Yohanes 5:4 dan Yohanes 7:53-8:11 tidak dimuat oleh si jurutulis. Matius 5:21–22 juga tidak ada (sebagaimana Minuscule 33),^[5] demikian pula tidak memuat Lukas 19:25 (sebagaimana Codex Bezae, 69, 1230, 1253, Leksionari, b, d, e, ff², syr^c, syr^sin, cop^bo);^[6]^[7]

Memuat Matius 23:14, sebagaimana naskah-naskah 0104, 0107, 0133, 0138, dan kebanyakan naskah-naskah jenis teks Bizantin.^[8]

Teks

Kodeks ini dikutip sebagai "saksi kelas satu yang secara konsisten dikutip" dalam aparatus kritikal pada Novum Testamentum Graece. Tampaknya disalin dari beberapa naskah yang berbeda dan merupakan hasil karya dua jurutulis. Berjenis teks eklektik:

Matius. 1–28; Lukas 8:13–24:53 – teks Bizantin;
Markus 1:1–5:30 – teks Western mirip dengan versi Vetus Latina;
Markus 5:31 – 16:20 – teks Kaisarea dekat dengan p⁴⁵;
Lukas 1:1 – 8:12, dan Yohanes 5:12 – 21:25 – teks Alexandria;
Yohanes 1:1 – 5:11 – campuran dengan beberapa bacaan teks Alexandria dan Western. Teks ini ditambahkan pada abad ke-7, kemungkinan sebagai pengganti teks asli yang rusak.^[3]

Ada tambahan pada Markus 1:3, kutipan dari Yesaya 40:3 lebih panjang. Markus 10:48 tidak dimuat sebagaimana pada kodeks 1241.^[9]

Pada Matius 1:10 memuat Αμων bukannya Αμως (א, B, C), bacaan kodeks ini bersesuaian dengan L, f¹³ dan naskah-naskah jenis teks Bizantin.^[10]

Matius 10:12

Memuat λεγοντες ειρηνη τω οικω τουτω bukannya αυτην. Bacaan ini ditemukan pada naskah-naskah: Sinaiticus*^,2, Bezae, Regius, Koridethi, f ¹ 1010 (1424), it vg^cl.^[11]

Lukas 22:43-44 tidak dimuat, sebagaimana dalam p⁷⁵, א*, A, B, T, 1071.^[12]

Dalam Lukas 23:34 tidak memuat kata-kata: "Dan Yesus berkata: Bapa ampunilah mereka, karena mereka tidak tahu apa yang mereka perbuat." Ketiadaan ini didukung oleh naskah-naskah Papirus 75, Sinaiticus^a, B, D*, Θ, 0124, 1241, a, Codex Bezae^lat, syr^sin, cop^sa, cop^bo.^[13]

Pada Yohanes 7:1 memuat ου γαρ ειχεν εξουσιαν bukannya ου γαρ ηθελεν, bacaan yang didukung oleh Vetus Latina: a, b, ff², l, r¹, dan Syriac Curetonian.^[14]

Freer Logion

Bagian akhir Injil Markus pada kodeks ini secara khusus menarik perhatian karena memuat suatu sisipan unik setelah ayat Markus 16:14, yang dikenal sebagai "Freer Logion".

Κακεινοι απελογουντο λεγοντες οτι ο ιων ουτος της ανομιας υπο τον σαταναν εστιν, ο μη εων τα (τον μη εωντα?) υπο των πνευματων ακαθαρτα (-των?) την αληθειαν του θεου καταλαβεσθαι (+ και?) δυναμιν δια τουτο αποκαλυψον σου την δικαιοσυνην ηδη, εκεινοι ελεγον τω χριστω και ο χριστος εκεινοις προσελεγεν οτι πεπληρωται ο ορος των ετων της εξουσιας του σατανα, αλλα εγγιζει αλλα δεινα και υπερ ων εγω αμαρτησαντων παρεδοθην εις θανατον ινα υποστρεψωσιν εις την αληθειαν και μηκετι αμαρτησωσιν ινα την εν τω ουρανω πνευματικην και αφθαρτον της δικαιοσυνης δοξαν κληρονομησωσιν.^[15]

Terjemahan bahasa. Inggris:

And they excused themselves, saying, "This age of lawlessness and unbelief is under Satan, who does not allow the truth and power of God to prevail over the unclean things of the spirits [or: does not allow what lies under the unclean spirits to understand the truth and power of God]. Therefore reveal thy righteousness now" - thus they spoke to Christ. And Christ replied to them, "The term of years of Satan's power has been fulfilled, but other terrible things draw near. And for those who have sinned I was delivered over to death, that they may return to the truth and sin no more in order to inherit the spiritual and incorruptible glory of righteousness which is in heaven.^[16]

Terjemahan bahasa. Indonesia:

Dan mereka memberi alasan, kata mereka "Zaman kezaliman dan ketidakpercayaan adalah di bawah kekuasaan iblis, yang tidak mengizinkan kebenaran dan kuasa Allah untuk mengalahkan hal-hal rohani yang najis [atau: tidak mengizinkan apa yang berada di bawah roh-roh kenajisan untuk mengerti kebenaran dan kuasa Allah]. Karenanya tunjukkan kebenaran-Mu sekarang" - demikian mereka berkata kepada Kristus. Dan Kristus menjawab mereka, "Tahun-tahun kekuasaan iblis telah tergenapi, tetapi hal-hal menakutkan yang lain sedang mendekat. Dan bagi mereka yang telah berdosa Aku telah diserahkan untuk mati, supaya mereka dapat kembali kepada kebenaran dan tidak berdosa lagi agar menerima warisan kemuliaan rohani dan yang tidak dapat rusak, yaitu yang ada di sorga.^[16]

Teks ini tidak dijumpai pada naskah-naskah lain, tetapi sebagian dikutip oleh Jerome:

et illi satisfaciebant dicentes: Saeculum istud iniquitatis et incredulitatis substantia (sub Satana?) est, quae non sinit per immundos spiritus veram Dei apprehendi virtutem: idcirco iamnunc revela iustitiam tuam.^[15]

Sejarah

Kodeks ini dibeli oleh Charles Lang Freer dalam suatu perjalanan ke Mesir pada bulan November 1906.^[17]

Lokasi

Disimpan pada Smithsonian Institution di Freer Gallery of Art (06. 274) di kota Washington, D.C., Amerika Serikat, dan sebagian dapat dilihat on-line. Foto-foto lengkap kodeks ini tersedia melalui kantor "Rights and Reproductions" pada Freer Gallery of Art.

Perkiraan tarikh

Naskah ini diperkirakan oleh INTF berasal dari abad ke-4 atau ke-5.^[18]^[19]

Lihat pula

Referensi

^ ^a ^b Aland, Kurt (1995). The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. hlm. 113. ISBN 978-0-8028-4098-1.
^ Léon Vaganay, Christian-Bernard Amphoux, Jenny Heimerdinger, An introduction to New Testament textual criticism (1991), p. 17.
^ ^a ^b Metzger, Bruce M.; Ehrman, Bart D. (2005). The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration (edisi ke-4). New York – Oxford: Oxford University Press. hlm. 80. ISBN 978-0-19-516122-9.
^ Henry A. Sanders, Facsimile of the Washington Manuscript of the Four Gospels in the Freer Collection, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 1912, p. VI.
^ Nestle-Aland, Novum Testamentum Graece, 26th edition, p. 8.
^ Nestle-Aland, Novum Testamentum Graece, 26th edition, p. 223.
^ UBS3, p. 290.
^ NA26, p. 65.
^ NA26, p. 125.
^ NA26, p. 1.
^ NA26, p. 24
^ UBS3, p. 305.
^ UBS4, p. 311.
^ UBS3, p. 350.
^ ^a ^b NA26, p. 148.
^ ^a ^b Metzger, Bruce M. (2005). The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration (edisi ke-4th ed.). Oxford. ISBN 0-19-516122-X. Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan (link)
^ "Freer + Sackler Galleries". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2010-03-02. Diakses tanggal 2014-02-08.
^ Lee W. Woodard dated it to the 1st century (First Century Gospels Found!, "Earliest Versions of the Gospels" Diarsipkan 2011-10-15 di Wayback Machine.).
^ "Liste Handschriften". Münster: Institute for New Testament Textual Research. Diakses tanggal 16 March 2013.

Pustaka tambahan

Caspar René Gregory, Das Freer-Logion (Hinrichs: Leipzig 1908)
Henry A. Sanders, Facsimile of the Washington Manuscript of the Four Gospels in the Freer Collection, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 1912.
Henry A. Sanders, The New Testament Manuscripts in the Freer Collection, The Macmillan Company, New York – London 1918.
Frederic G. Kenyon, Our Bible and the Ancient Manuscripts, (4th ed.), London 1939.
Larry W. Hurtado, Text-Critical Methodology and the Pre-Caesarean Text: Codex W in the Gospel of Mark, Studies and Documents 43, Eerdmans 1981.
Larry W. Hurtado, The Freer Biblical Manuscripts. Fresh Studies of an American Treasure Trove, Brill 2007.
Kearfott, Steven Joseph (2005). Codex Washingtonianus as an illustration of the need for the discipline of apparatus criticism (PhD Thesis). Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. OCLC 60679689. hdl:10392/361. templatestyles stripmarker di |id= pada posisi 1 (bantuan)

Pranala luar

H. A. Sanders, Facsimile of the Washington Manuscript... at the CSNTM
Scanned Images of the Codex (facsimile)
The Encyclopedia of New Testament Textual Criticism entry for W

[Aland-1] Aland, Kurt (1995). The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. hlm. 113. ISBN 978-0-8028-4098-1.

[2] Léon Vaganay, Christian-Bernard Amphoux, Jenny Heimerdinger, An introduction to New Testament textual criticism (1991), p. 17.

[Metzger-3] Metzger, Bruce M.; Ehrman, Bart D. (2005). The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration (edisi ke-4). New York – Oxford: Oxford University Press. hlm. 80. ISBN 978-0-19-516122-9.

[4] Henry A. Sanders, Facsimile of the Washington Manuscript of the Four Gospels in the Freer Collection, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 1912, p. VI.

[5] Nestle-Aland, Novum Testamentum Graece, 26th edition, p. 8.

[6] Nestle-Aland, Novum Testamentum Graece, 26th edition, p. 223.

[7] UBS3, p. 290.

[8] NA26, p. 65.

[9] NA26, p. 125.

[10] NA26, p. 1.

[11] NA26, p. 24

[12] UBS3, p. 305.

[13] UBS4, p. 311.

[14] UBS3, p. 350.

[NA26,_p._148-15] NA26, p. 148.

[Metzger_2005-16] Metzger, Bruce M. (2005). The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration (edisi ke-4th ed.). Oxford. ISBN 0-19-516122-X. Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan (link)

[17] "Freer + Sackler Galleries". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2010-03-02. Diakses tanggal 2014-02-08.

[18] Lee W. Woodard dated it to the 1st century (First Century Gospels Found!, "Earliest Versions of the Gospels" Diarsipkan 2011-10-15 di Wayback Machine.).

[INTF-19] "Liste Handschriften". Münster: Institute for New Testament Textual Research. Diakses tanggal 16 March 2013.

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@@ Baris 8: / Baris 8: @@
 | sign   = W
 | text   = Kitab-[[kitab Injil]]
-| script = [[Greek language|Greek]]
+| script = [[bahasa Yunani]]
 | date   = c. 400 M
 | found  = [[Mesir]] (dibeli oleh [[Charles Lang Freer]])
@@ Baris 19: / Baris 19: @@
 | note   = sisipan unik setelah ayat {{Alkitab|Markus16:14}}
 }}
-'''Codex Washingtonianus''' atau '''Codex Washingtonensis''', diberi kode '''W''' atau '''032''' (in the [[Biblical manuscript#Gregory-Aland|Gregory-Aland]] numbering), ε 014 ([[Biblical manuscript#Von Soden|Soden]]), juga dikenal sebagai ''Washington Manuscript of the Gospels'', dan ''The Freer Gospel'', memuat keempat [[Kitab Injil]] [[Alkitab]] [[Perjanjian Baru]] dan ditulis dalam [[bahasa Yunani Koine]] pada bahan [[vellum]] pada abad ke-4 atau ke-5.<ref name = Aland>{{Cite book
+'''Codex Washingtonianus''' atau '''Codex Washingtonensis''', diberi kode '''W''' atau '''032''' (dalam [[naskah Alkitab#Gregory-Aland|penomoran Gregory-Aland]]), ε 014 ([[naskah Alkitab#Von Soden|penomoran Soden]]), juga dikenal sebagai ''Washington Manuscript of the Gospels'', dan ''The Freer Gospel'', memuat keempat [[Kitab Injil]] [[Alkitab]] [[Perjanjian Baru]] dan ditulis dalam [[bahasa Yunani Koine]] pada bahan [[vellum]] pada abad ke-4 atau ke-5.<ref name = Aland>{{Cite book
- | last = Aland
+|last = Aland
- | first = Kurt
+|first = Kurt
- | authorlink = Kurt Aland
+|authorlink = Kurt Aland
- | coauthors = [[Barbara Aland]]; Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.)
+|coauthors = [[Barbara Aland]]; Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.)
- | title = The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism
+|title = The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism
- | publisher = [[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]]
+|publisher = [[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]]
- | year = 1995
+|year = 1995
- | location = Grand Rapids
+|location = Grand Rapids
+|page = [https://archive.org/details/textnewtestament00kurt/page/113 113]
- | page = 113
+|url = https://archive.org/details/textnewtestament00kurt
- | url =
- | doi =
+|doi =
- | id =
+|id =
- | isbn = 978-0-8028-4098-1}}</ref> Naskah ini dalam keadaan berlubang-lubang (''lacunose'').
+|isbn = 978-0-8028-4098-1}}</ref> Naskah ini dalam keadaan berlubang-lubang (''lacunose'').
 == Pemerian ==
 Kodeks ini berupa sebuah buku yang terdiri dari 187 lembaran berukuran 20.5–21&nbsp;cm kali 13-14.5&nbsp;cm dengan sampul-sampul kayu bergambar, dari 26 [[Paper quire|quires]] (empat sampai delapan lembaran).<ref>Léon Vaganay, Christian-Bernard Amphoux, Jenny Heimerdinger, ''An introduction to New Testament textual criticism'' (1991), p. 17.</ref>
-<!--
+Teks ditulis dalam satu kolom per halaman, 30 baris per halaman.<ref name = Aland/> Terdapat banyak koreksi yang dilakukan oleh juru tulis mula-mula dan sejumlah lagi bertarikh akhir abad ke-5 atau abad ke-6. {{Alkitab|Yohanes 1:1-5:11}} merupakan pengganti dari folio yang diduga rusak, dan bertarikh sekitar abad ke-7. Tidak memuat {{Alkitab|Markus 15:13-38}} dan {{Alkitab|Yohanes 14:26-16:7}}. Tinta berwarna cokelat tua. Kata-kata ditulis bersambungan tanpa pemisah. Tanda-tanda aksen tidak ada. Tanda "pernafasan kasar" digunakan jarang-jarang.
-The text is written in one column per page, 30 lines per page.<ref name = Aland/> There are numerous corrections made by the original scribe and a few corrections dating to the late 5th or 6th century. John 1:1-5:11 is a replacement of a presumably damaged folio, and dates to around the 7th century. It is missing Mark 15:13-38 and John 14:26-16:7. The ink is dark brown. The words are written continuously without separation. Accents are absent. The [[rough breathing]] is used very rarely.
-Like in [[Codex Bezae]] the Gospels follow in Western order: [[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]], [[Gospel of John|John]], [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]], [[Gospel of Mark|Mark]].<ref name = Metzger>{{Cite book |last1=Metzger |first1=Bruce M. |authorlink1=Bruce M. Metzger |last2=Ehrman |first2=Bart D. |authorlink2=Bart D. Ehrman |title=The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration | edition = 4 |year=2005 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York – Oxford |url= |isbn=978-0-19-516122-9 |page= 80 }}</ref>
+Sebagaimana pada [[Codex Bezae]] urutan kitab-kitab Injil mengikuti urutan [[teks Western]]: [[Injil Matius]], [[Injil Yohanes]], [[Injil Lukas]], [[Injil Markus]].<ref name = Metzger>{{Cite book|last1=Metzger|first1=Bruce M.|authorlink1=Bruce M. Metzger|last2=Ehrman|first2=Bart D.|authorlink2=Bart D. Ehrman|title=The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration|edition = 4|year=2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York – Oxford|url=https://archive.org/details/textnewtestament00metz|isbn=978-0-19-516122-9|page= [https://archive.org/details/textnewtestament00metz/page/80 80] }}</ref>
-The following [[nomina sacra]] are written in abbreviated forms: <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span>, <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span>, <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΣ</span>, <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΣ</span>, <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span>, <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΣ</span>, <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΗΡ</span>, <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΜΗΡ</span>, <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΣ</span>, <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΔΑΔ</span> (<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΔΔ</span> once), <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΛ</span> (<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΣΡΛ</span> once).<ref>Henry A. Sanders, ''Facsimile of the Washington Manuscript of the Four Gospels in the Freer Collection'', The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 1912, p. VI.</ref>
+Istilah-istilah [[nomina sacra]] berikut ditulis dalam bentuk singkatan: <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span>, <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span>, <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΣ</span>, <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΣ</span>, <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span>, <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΣ</span>, <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΗΡ</span>, <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΜΗΡ</span>, <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΣ</span>, <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΔΑΔ</span> (<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΔΔ</span> satu kali), <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΛ</span> (<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΣΡΛ</span> satu kali).<ref>Henry A. Sanders, ''Facsimile of the Washington Manuscript of the Four Gospels in the Freer Collection'', The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 1912, p. VI.</ref>
-[[Matthew 16:2b–3]] is present and not marked as doubtful or spurious. [[Christ's agony at Gethsemane|Luke 22:43-44]], John 5:4 and the [[John 7:53-8:11|Pericope de adultera]] are omitted by the scribe. It lacks Matthew 5:21-22 (as [[Minuscule 33]]),<ref>Nestle-Aland, ''[[Novum Testamentum Graece]]'', 26th edition, p. 8.</ref> and Luke 19:25 (as Codex Bezae, [[Minuscule 69|69]], [[Minuscule 1230|1230]], [[Minuscule 1253|1253]], lectionaries, b, d, e, ff², syr<sup>c</sup>, [[Syriac Sinaiticus|syr<sup>sin</sup>]], cop<sup>bo</sup>);<ref>Nestle-Aland, ''[[Novum Testamentum Graece]]'', 26th edition, p. 223.</ref><ref>UBS3, p. 290.</ref>
+[[Matius 16:2b-3]] ada dan tidak ditandai dengan "ragu-ragu". [[Lukas 22#Ayat 43-44|Lukas 22:43-44]], {{Alkitab|Yohanes 5:4}} dan [[Pericope adulterae|Yohanes 7:53-8:11]] tidak dimuat oleh si jurutulis. {{Alkitab|Matius 5:21-22}} juga tidak ada (sebagaimana [[Minuscule 33]]),<ref>Nestle-Aland, ''[[Novum Testamentum Graece]]'', 26th edition, p. 8.</ref> demikian pula tidak memuat {{Alkitab|Lukas 19:25}} (sebagaimana [[Codex Bezae]], [[Minuscule 69|69]], [[Minuscule 1230|1230]], [[Minuscule 1253|1253]], [[Leksionari]], b, d, e, ff², syr<sup>c</sup>, [[Syriac Sinaiticus|syr<sup>sin</sup>]], cop<sup>bo</sup>);<ref>Nestle-Aland, ''[[Novum Testamentum Graece]]'', 26th edition, p. 223.</ref><ref>UBS3, p. 290.</ref>
-It contains Matthew 23:14, as do manuscripts [[Uncial 0104|0104]], [[Uncial 0107|0107]], [[Uncial 0133|0133]], [[Uncial 0138|0138]], and most other Byzantine mss.<ref>NA26, p. 65.</ref>
+Memuat [[Matius 23:14]], sebagaimana naskah-naskah [[Uncial 0104|0104]], [[Uncial 0107|0107]], [[Uncial 0133|0133]], [[Uncial 0138|0138]], dan kebanyakan naskah-naskah jenis [[teks Bizantin]].<ref>NA26, p. 65.</ref>
-==Text of codex==
+== Teks ==
-The Codex is cited as a "consistently cited witness of the first order" in the [[critical apparatus]] of the [[Novum Testamentum Graece]]. The [[codex]] was apparently copied from several different manuscripts and is the work of two [[scribe]]s. The text-type is eclectic:
+Kodeks ini dikutip sebagai "saksi kelas satu yang secara konsisten dikutip" dalam [[aparatus kritikal]] pada [[Novum Testamentum Graece]]. Tampaknya disalin dari beberapa naskah yang berbeda dan merupakan hasil karya dua jurutulis. Berjenis teks eklektik:
-* Matth. 1–28; Luke 8:13–24:53 – [[Byzantine text-type]];
+* Matius. 1–28; Lukas 8:13–24:53 – [[teks Bizantin]];
-* Mark 1:1–5:30 – [[Western text-type]] similar to old-Latin Versions;
+* Markus 1:1–5:30 – [[teks Western]] mirip dengan versi [[Vetus Latina]];
-* Mark 5:31 – 16:20 – [[Caesarean text-type]] near to [[Papyrus 45|p<sup>45</sup>]];
+* Markus 5:31 – 16:20 – [[teks Kaisarea]] dekat dengan [[Papirus 45|p<sup>45</sup>]];
-* Luke 1:1 – 8:12, and J 5:12 – 21:25 – [[Alexandrian text-type]];
+* Lukas 1:1 – 8:12, dan Yohanes 5:12 – 21:25 – [[teks Alexandria]];
-* John 1:1 – 5:11 – mixed with some Alexandrian and Western readings. This text was added in the 7th century, probably for replacement of damaged text.<ref name = Metzger/>
+* Yohanes 1:1 – 5:11 – campuran dengan beberapa bacaan teks Alexandria dan Western. Teks ini ditambahkan pada abad ke-7, kemungkinan sebagai pengganti teks asli yang rusak.<ref name = Metzger/>
-It has addition in Mark 1:3, the citation from Is 40:3 is longer. Mark 10:48 is omitted as in codex [[Minuscule 1241|1241]].<ref>NA26, p. 125.</ref>
+Ada tambahan pada Markus 1:3, kutipan dari Yesaya 40:3 lebih panjang. Markus 10:48 tidak dimuat sebagaimana pada kodeks [[Minuscule 1241|1241]].<ref>NA26, p. 125.</ref>
-In Matthew 1:10 it reads Αμων for Αμως (א, B, C), the reading of the codex agrees with [[Codex Regius (New Testament)|L]], ''f''<sup>13</sup> and the Byzantine text.<ref>NA26, p. 1.</ref>
+Pada Matius 1:10 memuat Αμων bukannya Αμως (א, B, C), bacaan kodeks ini bersesuaian dengan [[Codex Regius (New Testament)|L]], ''f''<sup>13</sup> dan naskah-naskah jenis [[teks Bizantin]].<ref>NA26, p. 1.</ref>
-Matthew 10:12
+Matius 10:12
-: It reads λεγοντες ειρηνη τω οικω τουτω instead of αυτην. The reading is used by manuscripts: [[Codex Sinaiticus|Sinaiticus*<sup>,2</sup>]], [[Codex Bezae|Bezae]], [[Codex Regius (New Testament)|Regius]], [[Codex Koridethi|Koridethi]], [[Family 1|''f'' <sup>1</sup>]] 1010 (1424), it vg<sup>cl</sup>.<ref>NA26, p. 24</ref>
+: Memuat λεγοντες ειρηνη τω οικω τουτω bukannya αυτην. Bacaan ini ditemukan pada naskah-naskah: [[Codex Sinaiticus|Sinaiticus*<sup>,2</sup>]], [[Codex Bezae|Bezae]], [[Codex Regius (New Testament)|Regius]], [[Codex Koridethi|Koridethi]], [[Family 1|''f'' <sup>1</sup>]] 1010 (1424), it vg<sup>cl</sup>.<ref>NA26, p. 24</ref>
+<!--
-Matthew 23:3 has the reading "ⲧⲏⲣⲉⲓⲛ ⲧⲏⲣⲉⲓⲧⲁⲓ ⲕⲁⲓ ⲡⲟⲓⲉⲓⲧⲁⲓ" in basic agreement with Majority Text (and practically with D) against the United Bible Society's "ποιήσατε καὶ τηρεῖτε" (on the understanding that αι iota is an allophonic variation for ε).<ref>OakTree Software, Inc; The New Testament Manuscripts in the Freer Collection, Part I: The Washington Manuscript of the Four Gospels, by Henry A. Sanders.  New York: Macmillan, 1912; digitized by Rex A. Koivisto Multnomah University.</ref>
+Matius 23:3 memuat "ⲧⲏⲣⲉⲓⲛ ⲧⲏⲣⲉⲓⲧⲁⲓ ⲕⲁⲓ ⲡⲟⲓⲉⲓⲧⲁⲓ" in basic agreement with Majority Text (and practically with D) against the United Bible Society's "ποιήσατε καὶ τηρεῖτε" (on the understanding that αι iota is an allophonic variation for ε).<ref>OakTree Software, Inc; The New Testament Manuscripts in the Freer Collection, Part I: The Washington Manuscript of the Four Gospels, by Henry A. Sanders.  New York: Macmillan, 1912; digitized by Rex A. Koivisto Multnomah University.</ref>
 In Mark 2:3 it has {{Unicode|ιδου ανδρες ερχονται προς αυτον βασταζοντες εν κρεβαττω παραλυτικον}} supported only by Old Latin [[Codex Palatinus]] instead of usual variant {{Unicode|ερχονται φεροντες προς αυτον παραλυτικον αιρομενον υπο τεσσαρων}};<ref>NA26, p. 92.</ref>
@@ Baris 75: / Baris 74: @@
 In Luke 4:17 it has textual variant καὶ ἀνοίξας τὸ βιβλίον (''and opened the book'') together with the manuscripts [[Codex Alexandrinus|A]], B, [[Codex Regius (New Testament)|L]], [[Codex Zacynthius|Ξ]], [[Minuscule 33|33]], [[Minuscule 892|892]], 1195, 1241, [[Lectionary 547|'''ℓ''' ''547'']], syr<sup>s, h, pal</sup>, cop<sup>sa, bo</sup>, against variant καὶ ἀναπτύξας τὸ βιβλίον (''and unrolled the book'') supported by א, D<sup>c</sup>, [[Codex Cyprius|K]], [[Codex Sangallensis 48|Δ]], [[Codex Koridethi|Θ]], [[Codex Petropolitanus (New Testament)|Π]], [[Codex Athous Lavrensis|Ψ]], ''f''<sup>1</sup>, ''f''<sup>13</sup>, [[Minuscule 28|28]], [[Minuscule 565|565]], [[Minuscule 700|700]], 1009, 1010 and many other manuscripts.<ref>Bruce M. Metzger, ''A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament'' ([[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]]: Stuttgart 2001), p. 114.</ref><ref>NA26, p. 164.</ref>
+-->
+Lukas 22:43-44 tidak dimuat, sebagaimana dalam [[Papirus 75|p<sup>75</sup>]], א*, A, B, [[Codex Borgianus|T]], 1071.<ref>UBS3, p. 305.</ref>
+Dalam Lukas 23:34 tidak memuat kata-kata: "Dan Yesus berkata: Bapa ampunilah mereka, karena mereka tidak tahu apa yang mereka perbuat." Ketiadaan ini didukung oleh naskah-naskah [[Papirus 75]], [[Codex Sinaiticus|Sinaiticus<sup>a</sup>]], [[Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209|B]], [[Codex Bezae|D*]], [[Codex Koridethi|Θ]], [[Uncial 070|0124]], 1241, [[Codex Vercellensis|a]], Codex Bezae<sup>lat</sup>, [[Syriac Sinaiticus|syr<sup>sin</sup>]], [[Alkitab bahasa Koptik#Sahidik|cop<sup>sa</sup>]], [[Alkitab bahasa Koptik#Bohairik|cop<sup>bo</sup>]].<ref>UBS4, p. 311.</ref>
-Luke 22:43-44 omitted, as in codices [[Papyrus 75|p<sup>75</sup>]], א*, A, B, [[Codex Borgianus|T]], 1071.<ref>UBS3, p. 305.</ref>
-In Luke 23:34 omitted words: "And Jesus said: Father forgive them, they know not what they do." This omission is supported by the manuscripts [[Papyrus 75]], [[Codex Sinaiticus|Sinaiticus<sup>a</sup>]], [[Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209|B]], [[Codex Bezae|D*]], [[Codex Koridethi|Θ]], [[Uncial 070|0124]], 1241, [[Codex Vercellensis|a]], Codex Bezae<sup>lat</sup>, [[Syriac Sinaiticus|syr<sup>sin</sup>]], [[Coptic versions of the Bible#Sahidic|cop<sup>sa</sup>]], [[Coptic versions of the Bible#Bohairic|cop<sup>bo</sup>]].<ref>UBS4, p. 311.</ref>
-In John 7:1 it reads ου γαρ ειχεν εξουσιαν for ου γαρ ηθελεν, the reading is supported by Old Latin: a, b, ff², l, r<sup>1</sup>, and by Syriac Curetonian.<ref>UBS3, p. 350.</ref>
+Pada Yohanes 7:1 memuat ου γαρ ειχεν εξουσιαν bukannya ου γαρ ηθελεν, bacaan yang didukung oleh [[Vetus Latina]]: a, b, ff², l, r<sup>1</sup>, dan [[Syriac Curetonian]].<ref>UBS3, p. 350.</ref>
-[[File:Codex Washingtonianus W (032) Mk 16,12-17.JPG|thumb|right|236px|Mark 16:12-17 with the ''Freer Logion'' in 16:14]]
+[[Berkas:Codex Washingtonianus W (032) Mk 16,12-17.JPG|jmpl|ka|236px|Markus 16:12-17 dengan teks ''Freer Logion'' pada ayat 16:14]]
-==Freer Logion==
+== Freer Logion ==
-The ending of Mark in this codex is especially noteworthy because it includes a unique insertion after [[Mark 16]]:14, referred to as the  "Freer Logion". <blockquote>
+Bagian akhir Injil Markus pada kodeks ini secara khusus menarik perhatian karena memuat suatu sisipan unik setelah ayat {{Alkitab|Markus 16:14}}, yang dikenal sebagai "Freer Logion".<blockquote>
 Κακεινοι απελογουντο λεγοντες οτι ο ιων ουτος της ανομιας υπο τον σαταναν εστιν, ο μη εων τα (τον μη εωντα?) υπο των πνευματων ακαθαρτα (-των?) την αληθειαν του θεου καταλαβεσθαι (+ και?) δυναμιν δια τουτο αποκαλυψον σου την δικαιοσυνην ηδη, εκεινοι ελεγον τω χριστω και ο χριστος εκεινοις προσελεγεν οτι πεπληρωται ο ορος των ετων της εξουσιας του σατανα, αλλα εγγιζει αλλα δεινα και υπερ ων εγω αμαρτησαντων παρεδοθην εις θανατον ινα υποστρεψωσιν εις την αληθειαν και μηκετι αμαρτησωσιν ινα την εν τω ουρανω πνευματικην και αφθαρτον της δικαιοσυνης δοξαν κληρονομησωσιν.<ref name="NA26, p. 148">NA26, p. 148.</ref>
 </blockquote>
+Terjemahan bahasa. Inggris:
-Translation:
 <blockquote>
-And they excused themselves, saying, "This age of lawlessness and unbelief is under Satan, who does not allow the truth and power of God to prevail over the unclean things of the spirits [or: does not allow what lies under the unclean spirits to understand the truth and power of God]. Therefore reveal thy righteousness now" - thus they spoke to Christ. And Christ replied to them, "The term of years of Satan's power has been fulfilled, but other terrible things draw near. And for those who have sinned I was delivered over to death, that they may return to the truth and sin no more in order to inherit the spiritual and incorruptible glory of righteousness which is in heaven.<ref>{{cite book |last=Metzger |first=Bruce M. |authorlink=Bruce Metzger |coauthors=[[Bart D. Ehrman]] |title=The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration |year=2005 |edition=4th ed. |publisher=Oxford |isbn=0-19-516122-X}}</ref>
+And they excused themselves, saying, "This age of lawlessness and unbelief is under Satan, who does not allow the truth and power of God to prevail over the unclean things of the spirits [or: does not allow what lies under the unclean spirits to understand the truth and power of God]. Therefore reveal thy righteousness now" - thus they spoke to Christ. And Christ replied to them, "The term of years of Satan's power has been fulfilled, but other terrible things draw near. And for those who have sinned I was delivered over to death, that they may return to the truth and sin no more in order to inherit the spiritual and incorruptible glory of righteousness which is in heaven.<ref name="Metzger 2005">{{cite book|last=Metzger|first=Bruce M.|authorlink=Bruce Metzger|coauthors=[[Bart D. Ehrman]]|title=The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration|url=https://archive.org/details/textofnewtestame0000metz_k4t1|year=2005|edition=4th ed.|publisher=Oxford|isbn=0-19-516122-X}}</ref>
 </blockquote>
+Terjemahan bahasa. Indonesia:
-This text is not found in any other manuscript, but was partially quoted by [[Jerome]]:
+<blockquote>
+Dan mereka memberi alasan, kata mereka "Zaman kezaliman dan ketidakpercayaan adalah di bawah kekuasaan iblis, yang tidak mengizinkan kebenaran dan kuasa Allah untuk mengalahkan hal-hal rohani yang najis [atau: tidak mengizinkan apa yang berada di bawah roh-roh kenajisan untuk mengerti kebenaran dan kuasa Allah]. Karenanya tunjukkan kebenaran-Mu sekarang" - demikian mereka berkata kepada Kristus. Dan Kristus menjawab mereka, "Tahun-tahun kekuasaan iblis telah tergenapi, tetapi hal-hal menakutkan yang lain sedang mendekat. Dan bagi mereka yang telah berdosa Aku telah diserahkan untuk mati, supaya mereka dapat kembali kepada kebenaran dan tidak berdosa lagi agar menerima warisan kemuliaan rohani dan yang tidak dapat rusak, yaitu yang ada di sorga.<ref name="Metzger 2005"/>
+</blockquote>
+Teks ini tidak dijumpai pada naskah-naskah lain, tetapi sebagian dikutip oleh [[Hieronimus|Jerome]]:
 <blockquote>
 et illi satisfaciebant dicentes: Saeculum istud iniquitatis et incredulitatis substantia (sub Satana?) est, quae non sinit per immundos spiritus veram Dei apprehendi virtutem: idcirco iamnunc revela iustitiam tuam.<ref name="NA26, p. 148"/>
 </blockquote>
-==History==
+== Sejarah ==
-The codex was purchased by [[Charles Lang Freer]] on a trip to [[Egypt]] in November 1906.<ref>[http://www.asia.si.edu/collections/biblicalHome.htm Freer + Sackler Galleries]</ref> [[Bruce M. Metzger|Metzger]] states: "It is only Greek Gospel manuscript of early date of which we know provenance. Though the exact spot in Egypt where it was found is not known, there are indications that it came from a monastery in the neighbourhood of the [[Pyramids of Giza|Pyramids]]."<ref>Bruce M. Metzger, ''The Early versions of the New Testament'', Clarendon Press: Oxford 1977, p. 117.</ref> The writing is closely related to the ''Codex Panopolitanus'' (Papyrus Cairensis 10759), Henoch manuscript, found in [[Akhmim]] in 1886.<ref>Henry A. Sanders, [http://www.archive.org/stream/newtestamentmanu00sanduoft#page/2/mode/2up ''The New Testament Manuscripts in the Freer Collection''], The Macmillan Company, London 1918, p. 3.</ref>
+Kodeks ini dibeli oleh [[Charles Lang Freer]] dalam suatu perjalanan ke [[Mesir]] pada bulan November 1906.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.asia.si.edu/collections/biblicalHome.htm |title=Freer + Sackler Galleries |access-date=2014-02-08 |archive-date=2010-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302164104/http://www.asia.si.edu/collections/biblicalHome.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> <!-- [[Bruce M. Metzger|Metzger]] menyatakan: "Merupakan satu-satunya naskah kuno Injil bahasa Yunani yang kita ketahui asal-usulnya (''provenance'')It is only Greek Gospel manuscript of early date of which we know provenance. Though the exact spot in Egypt where it was found is not known, there are indications that it came from a monastery in the neighbourhood of the [[Pyramids of Giza|Pyramids]]."<ref>Bruce M. Metzger, ''The Early versions of the New Testament'', Clarendon Press: Oxford 1977, p. 117.</ref> The writing is closely related to the ''Codex Panopolitanus'' (Papyrus Cairensis 10759), Henoch manuscript, found in [[Akhmim]] in 1886.<ref>Henry A. Sanders, [http://www.archive.org/stream/newtestamentmanu00sanduoft#page/2/mode/2up ''The New Testament Manuscripts in the Freer Collection''], The Macmillan Company, London 1918, p. 3.</ref>
 There is a subscription at the end of the Gospel of Mark, written in semi-cursive from the 5th century: "Holy Christ, be thou with thy servant Timothy and all of his." The similar note appears in [[Minuscule 579]]. [[Hermann von Soden]] cited a number of similar subscriptions in other manuscripts.<ref>Henry A. Sanders, [http://www.archive.org/stream/newtestamentmanu00sanduoft#page/2/mode/2up ''The New Testament Manuscripts in the Freer Collection''], The Macmillan Company, London 1918, p. 2.</ref>
+-->
+== Lokasi ==
-It is located in the [[Smithsonian Institution]] at the [[Freer Gallery of Art]] (06. 274) in [[Washington, D.C.]], [[United States]] of America, and some of it can be viewed on-line. Complete images of the codex are available from the Rights and Reproductions office at the [[Freer Gallery of Art]].
+Disimpan pada [[Smithsonian Institution]] di [[Freer Gallery of Art]] (06. 274) di kota [[Washington, D.C.]], [[Amerika Serikat]], dan sebagian dapat dilihat on-line. Foto-foto lengkap kodeks ini tersedia melalui kantor "Rights and Reproductions" pada Freer Gallery of Art.
+== Perkiraan tarikh ==
+Naskah ini diperkirakan oleh [[INTF]] berasal dari abad ke-4 atau ke-5.<ref>Lee W. Woodard dated it to the 1st century ([http://washington-codex.org/ First Century Gospels Found!], [http://codexw.net/ "Earliest Versions of the Gospels"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015064203/http://codexw.net/ |date=2011-10-15 }}).</ref><ref name = INTF>{{Cite web |url=http://intf.uni-muenster.de/vmr/NTVMR/ListeHandschriften.php?ObjID=20032 |title=Liste Handschriften |publisher=Institute for New Testament Textual Research |accessdate=16 March 2013 |location=Münster}}</ref>
-The manuscript is dated by the [[INTF]] to the 4th or 5th century.<ref>Lee W. Woodard dated it to the 1st century ([http://washington-codex.org/ First Century Gospels Found!], [http://codexw.net/ "Earliest Versions of the Gospels"]).</ref><ref name = INTF>{{Cite web |url=http://intf.uni-muenster.de/vmr/NTVMR/ListeHandschriften.php?ObjID=20032 |title=Liste Handschriften |publisher=Institute for New Testament Textual Research |accessdate=16 March 2013 |location=Münster}}</ref>
--->
 == Lihat pula ==
 {{Portal|Kristen}}
+* [[Codex Bezae]]
 * [[Daftar Uncial Perjanjian Baru]]
-* [[Biblical Manuscripts in the Freer Collection]]
+* [[Freer Collection]]
-* [[Textual criticism]]
-==Referensi ==
+== Referensi ==
 {{Reflist|2}}
 {{Refbegin}}
@@ Baris 120: / Baris 127: @@
 == Pustaka tambahan ==
 * [[Caspar René Gregory]], [http://www.archive.org/stream/dasfreerlogion01greggoog#page/n5/mode/2up ''Das Freer-Logion''] (Hinrichs: Leipzig 1908)
 * [[Henry A. Sanders]], ''Facsimile of the Washington Manuscript of the Four Gospels in the Freer Collection'', The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 1912.
 * Henry A. Sanders, [http://www.archive.org/stream/newtestamentmanu00sanduoft#page/n7/mode/2up ''The New Testament Manuscripts in the Freer Collection''], The Macmillan Company, New York – London 1918.
 * [[Frederic G. Kenyon]], ''Our Bible and the Ancient Manuscripts'', (4th ed.), London 1939.
 * [[Larry W. Hurtado]], ''[http://books.google.pl/books?id=ZSR_CQXQdtUC&pg=3 Text-Critical Methodology and the Pre-Caesarean Text: Codex W in the Gospel of Mark]'', Studies and Documents 43, Eerdmans 1981.
 * Larry W. Hurtado, ''The Freer Biblical Manuscripts. Fresh Studies of an American Treasure Trove'', Brill 2007.
-*{{cite book |last=Kearfott |first=Steven Joseph |year=2005 |title=Codex Washingtonianus as an illustration of the need for the discipline of apparatus criticism |id={{hdl|10392/361}} |type=PhD Thesis |publisher=Southern Baptist Theological Seminary |oclc=60679689}}
+* {{cite book|last=Kearfott|first=Steven Joseph|year=2005|title=Codex Washingtonianus as an illustration of the need for the discipline of apparatus criticism|id={{hdl|10392/361}}|type=PhD Thesis|publisher=Southern Baptist Theological Seminary|oclc=60679689}}
 == Pranala luar ==
 {{Commons category}}
 * H. A. Sanders, [http://www.csntm.org/Manuscript/View/GA_032 ''Facsimile of the Washington Manuscript...''] at the [[Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts|CSNTM]]
 * [http://www.beloit.edu/classics/GospelOfMark/ Scanned Images of the Codex (facsimile)]
 * [http://www.skypoint.com/members/waltzmn/ManuscriptsUncials.html#uW The ''Encyclopedia of New Testament Textual Criticism'' entry for W]
+[[Kategori:Naskah Uncial]]
-<!--Categories-->
+[[Kategori:Naskah Perjanjian Baru]]
-[[Category:Greek New Testament uncials|Washingtonianus]]
+[[Kategori:Smithsonian Institution]]
-[[Category:Naskah Perjanjian Baru]]
-[[Category:Manuscripts in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution]]
-{{Link GA|pl}}