Scientology: Perbedaan antara revisi
Membalikkan revisi 8272404 oleh 68.171.252.30 (bicara) |
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{{About|sistem kepercayaan dan praktik|organisasi|Gereja Scientology|kegunaan lain|Scientology (disambiguasi)}} |
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{{Infobox Organization |
{{Infobox Organization |
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| image = |
| image = Scientology Symbol Logo.png |
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| size = |
| size = 120px |
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| caption = Lambang Scientology terdiri dari huruf S (Scientology) dan [[kepercayaan dan praktik Scientology#segitiga ARC dan KRC|segitiga ARC dan KRC]] (dua konsep penting dalam Scientology)<ref>{{harvnb|Cusack|2009|p=400}}</ref> |
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| caption = |
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| name = Scientology |
| name = Scientology |
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| formation = Mei 1952<ref name="Lewis 2017">{{cite book |last=Lewis |first1=J. |title=Handbook of Scientology |volume=Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion |editor-last=Lewis |editor-first=James R. |editor2-last=Hellesoy |editor2-first=Kjersti |publisher=Brill |year=2017 |isbn=9789004330542 }}</ref> |
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| formation = 1953 |
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| type = |
| type = <!--ref>Scientology is recognized as a religion in countries such as the United States, Spain, Australia, and elsewhere, but the Germany, France, and some others, consider it a profit-making enterprise. Lewis lists it in ''The Encyclopedic Sourcebook of UFO Religions''</ref><ref name="lewisufo" /--> |
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| purpose = |
| purpose = |
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| headquarters = [[Gold Base]]<br />[[Riverside County, California]]<ref>{{cite news | last =[[Associated Press]] | title =Rural studio is Scientology headquarters | work =[[San Jose Mercury News]] | page =6B | date =August 13, 1991 }}</ref> |
| headquarters = [[Gold Base]]<br />[[Riverside County, California]]<ref>{{cite news | last =[[Associated Press]] | title =Rural studio is Scientology headquarters | work =[[San Jose Mercury News]] | page =6B | date =August 13, 1991 }}</ref> |
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| leader_title = [[ |
| leader_title = [[Ketua]] [[Religious Technology Center]] |
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| leader_name = [[David Miscavige]] |
| leader_name = [[David Miscavige]] |
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| num_staff = |
| num_staff = |
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| num_volunteers = |
| num_volunteers = |
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| budget = |
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| website = [http://www.scientology.org/ scientology.org] |
| website = [http://www.scientology.org/ www.scientology.org] |
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| remarks = |
| remarks = Gedung utama: Church of Scientology International, Los Angeles, California, A.S. |
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}} |
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{{ScientologySeries}} |
{{ScientologySeries}} |
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'''Scientology''' adalah sekumpulan ajaran dan teknik terkait yang dikembangkan oleh pengarang [[Amerika Serikat|Amerika]], [[L. Ron Hubbard]] selama sekitar 30 tahun, dimulai pada [[1952]] sebagai suatu [[filosofi]] pertolongan diri-sendiri, perkembangan dari sistem pertolongan diri-sendirinya yang lebih awal, [[Dianetika]]. Ajaran ini mengklaim menawarkan suatu [[metodologi]] yang [[ilmu eksakta|eksak]] (pasti) untuk menolong manusia mencapai kesadaran [[keberadaan]] rohaninya melintasi [[reinkarnasi|beberapa masa hidupnya]] dan, pada saat yang bersamaan, untuk menjadi lebih efektif di dunia fisik. Nama "Scientology" juga digunakan untuk merujuk kepada [[Gereja Scientology]] yang [[kontroversi Scientology|kontroversial]], organisasi terbesar yang mempromosikan praktik Scientology. Gereja ini sendiri adalah bagian dari jaringan korporasi terkait yang mengklaim pemilikan dan wewenang tunggal untuk menyebarkan Dianetika dan Scientology. |
'''''Scientology''''' ({{IPA-en|/ˌsaɪənˈtɑːlədʒi/|}}, {{IPA-id|sajəntolodʒi}}) adalah sekumpulan ajaran dan teknik terkait yang dikembangkan oleh pengarang [[Amerika Serikat|Amerika]], [[L. Ron Hubbard]] selama sekitar 30 tahun, dimulai pada [[1952]] sebagai suatu [[filosofi]] pertolongan diri-sendiri, perkembangan dari sistem pertolongan diri-sendirinya yang lebih awal, [[Dianetika]]. Ajaran ini mengklaim menawarkan suatu [[metodologi]] yang [[ilmu eksakta|eksak]] (pasti) untuk menolong manusia mencapai kesadaran [[keberadaan]] rohaninya melintasi [[reinkarnasi|beberapa masa hidupnya]] dan, pada saat yang bersamaan, untuk menjadi lebih efektif di dunia fisik. Nama "Scientology" juga digunakan untuk merujuk kepada [[Gereja Scientology]] yang [[kontroversi Scientology|kontroversial]], organisasi terbesar yang mempromosikan praktik Scientology. Gereja ini sendiri adalah bagian dari jaringan korporasi terkait yang mengklaim pemilikan dan wewenang tunggal untuk menyebarkan Dianetika dan Scientology. |
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Scientology menyatakan bahwa tujuannya adalah "merehabilitasi" [[thetan]] (kira-kira setara dengan [[jiwa]]) untuk memperoleh kembali keadaannya semula berupa "[[Kemampuan adikodrati dalam doktrin Scientology|kebebasan total]]." Para jurubicara gereja ini dan praktisinya memberikan kesaksian bahwa ajaran-ajaran Hubbard (yang disebut "Teknologi" atau "Tek" dalam [[terminologi Scientology]]) telah menyelamatkan mereka dari begitu banyak masalah dan memampukan mereka untuk lebih menyadari potensi tertinggi mereka dalam bisnis maupun kehidupan pribadi mereka.<ref>http://www.scientology.org/html/en_US/results/index.html</ref><ref>http://on-line.scientology.org/</ref> Namun, para pengamat luar - termasuk wartawan, anggota parlemen, lembaga-lembaga pemerintahan nasional dari sejumlah negara - telah mencapai kesimpulan tentang Scientology yang sangat bertentangan dengan penggambaran diri Gereja ini. Di antaranya termasuk tuduhan-tuduhan bahwa Gereja ini adalah sebuah usaha komersial tidak jujur, yang mengganggu para kritikusnya dan secara brutal mengeksploitir anggota-anggotanya.<ref name="The Church's War">{{cite news |
Scientology menyatakan bahwa tujuannya adalah "merehabilitasi" [[thetan]] (kira-kira setara dengan [[jiwa]]) untuk memperoleh kembali keadaannya semula berupa "[[Kemampuan adikodrati dalam doktrin Scientology|kebebasan total]]." Para jurubicara gereja ini dan praktisinya memberikan kesaksian bahwa ajaran-ajaran Hubbard (yang disebut "Teknologi" atau "Tek" dalam [[terminologi Scientology]]) telah menyelamatkan mereka dari begitu banyak masalah dan memampukan mereka untuk lebih menyadari potensi tertinggi mereka dalam bisnis maupun kehidupan pribadi mereka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.scientology.org/html/en_US/results/index.html |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-01-14 |archive-date=2008-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080204032447/http://www.scientology.org/html/en_US/results/index.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://on-line.scientology.org/ |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2014-11-20 |archive-date=2014-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222033451/http://on-line.scientology.org/ |dead-url=no }}</ref> Namun, para pengamat luar - termasuk wartawan, anggota parlemen, lembaga-lembaga pemerintahan nasional dari sejumlah negara - telah mencapai kesimpulan tentang Scientology yang sangat bertentangan dengan penggambaran diri Gereja ini. Di antaranya termasuk tuduhan-tuduhan bahwa Gereja ini adalah sebuah usaha komersial tidak jujur, yang mengganggu para kritikusnya dan secara brutal mengeksploitir anggota-anggotanya.<ref name="The Church's War">{{cite news|first = Richard|last = Leiby|author = Richard Leiby|url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/06/AR2005070601351.html|title = Scientology Fiction: The Church's War Against Its Critics — and Truth|work = [[The Washington Post]]|page = C1|date = [[24 Desember 1994]]|accessdate = 21 Juni 2006|archive-date = 2012-05-30|archive-url = https://archive.today/20120530/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/06/AR2005070601351.html|dead-url = no}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Goodin | first=Dan | year=3 Juni 1999 | url=http://news.com.com/2100-1023-226676.html | title=Scientology subpoenas Worldnet | publisher=CNET News.com | accessdate=4 Mei 2006 | archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120524184740/http://news.cnet.com/2100-1023-226676.html | archivedate=2012-05-24 | dead-url=no }}</ref> |
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Meskipun beberapa pakar dan banyak pemerintahan dunia <ref> |
Meskipun beberapa pakar dan banyak pemerintahan dunia <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.humanrights-germany.org/issues/eng/relapa96/bonafide.htm |title=Scientology is a Bona Fide Religion Serving Exclusively Religious and Charitable Purposes |access-date=2006-11-09 |archive-date=2008-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080305162933/http://www.humanrights-germany.org/issues/eng/relapa96/bonafide.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> menerima Scientology sebagai sebuah agama yang ''bonafid'',<ref>{{Cite paper | author=Hexham, Irving | title=The Religious Status of Scientology: Is Scientology a Religion? | publisher=Universitas Calgary | date=1978, rev. 1997 | url=http://www.ucalgary.ca/~nurelweb/papers/irving/scient.html | accessdate=13 Juni 2006 }} {{Cite web |url=http://www.ucalgary.ca/~nurelweb/papers/irving/scient.html |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2014-11-18 |archive-date=2009-11-19 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20091119050104/http://www.ucalgary.ca/~nurelweb/papers/irving/scient.html |dead-url=unfit }}</ref><ref name="marburg">{{Cite paper | author=Kent, Stephen | title=Scientology -- Is this a Religion? | publisher=Marburg Journal of Religion | date=July 1999 | url=http://web.uni-marburg.de/religionswissenschaft/journal/mjr/kent.html | accessdate=26 Agustus 2006 }} {{Cite web |url=http://web.uni-marburg.de/religionswissenschaft/journal/mjr/kent.html |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2014-11-18 |archive-date=2006-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060819005516/http://web.uni-marburg.de/religionswissenschaft/journal/mjr/kent.html |dead-url=yes }} Sosiolog Kent, meskipun mengakui bahwa sejumlah rekannya mengakui Scientology sebagai agama, berargumen bahwa "Daripada berdebat tentang apakah Scientology harus diberi label agama atau tidak, saya merasa lebih baik memandangnya sebagai sebuah perusahaan transnasional dengan banyak sisi, dan hanya ''satu'' unsurnya saja yang bersifat keagamaan." (huruf miring dalam tulisan asli.)</ref> Scientology juga telah digambarkan sebagai [[pseudo agama]], sebuah [[ajaran sesat]]<ref>{{Cite paper | author=Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin | title=Scientology: Religion or racket? | publisher=Marburg Journal of Religion | date=September 2003 | format=PDF | url=http://web.uni-marburg.de/religionswissenschaft/journal/mjr/pdf/2003/breit2003.pdf | accessdate=14 Juni 2006 }} {{Cite web |url=http://web.uni-marburg.de/religionswissenschaft/journal/mjr/pdf/2003/breit2003.pdf |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2014-11-18 |archive-date=2006-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061108062518/http://web.uni-marburg.de/religionswissenschaft/journal/mjr/pdf/2003/breit2003.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> atau sebuah [[perusahaan transnasional]].<ref name="marburg" /> |
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== Referensi == |
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{{reflist|30em}} |
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<div class="references-small"> |
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* [http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/Fishman/time-behar.html Scientology: Cult of Greed and power] - Artikel majalah "Time" tentang Scientology |
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* [http://www.philly.com/mld/inquirer/news/special_packages/sunday_review/12042623.htm Spirituality through therapy: Scientology, teaching that divinity lies within, appeals to our pop gods] |
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* {{cite paper | author=Frenschkowski, Marco | title= L. Ron Hubbard and Scientology: An annotated bibliographical survey of primary and selected secondary literature | date=1999| url=http://www.uni-marburg.de/religionswissenschaft/journal/mjr/frenschkowski.html }} |
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* {{cite paper | author=Kent, Stephen A. | title= Scientology's Relationship With Eastern Religious Traditions | date=1996 | url=http://www.ami.com.au/~bradw/cos/Theology/Theology/eastern.htm }} |
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</div> |
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== Catatan == |
== Catatan == |
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{{Refbegin|30em}} |
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<div class="references-small"> |
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* {{cite book|last=Barrett|first=David V.|title=Sects, 'Cults' & Alternative Religions: A World Survey and Sourcebook (Paperback) New Ed|publisher=Sterling Pub Co Inc|year=1998|isbn=978-0-7137-2756-2|ref=harv}} |
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{{reflist}} |
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* Behar, Richard (1991). [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,972865,00.html Scientology: The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120524/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,972865,00.html |date=2012-05-24 }}, ''Time'' magazine. |
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</div> |
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* {{cite journal |last=Bogdan |first=Henrik |title=The Church of Scientology in Sweden|year=2009 |ref=harv }} In {{cite book |last=Lewis |first=James R. |authorlink=James R. Lewis (scholar) |title=Scientology |url=https://archive.org/details/scientology00lewi |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |location=New York, NY |pages=[https://archive.org/details/scientology00lewi/page/n349 335]–344 |isbn=978-0-19-533149-3 |ref=harv }} |
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* {{cite journal |last=Bromley |first=David G. |authorlink=David G. Bromley|title=Making Sense of Scientology |year=2009 |ref=harv }} In {{cite book |last=Lewis |first=James R. |authorlink=James R. Lewis (scholar) |title=Scientology |url=https://archive.org/details/scientology00lewi |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |location=New York, NY |pages=[https://archive.org/details/scientology00lewi/page/n97 83]–101 |isbn=978-0-19-533149-3 |ref=harv }} |
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* {{cite journal | last = Cowan | first = Douglas E. | author-link = Douglas E. Cowan | last2 = Bromley | first2 = David G. | author2-link = David G. Bromley |title = The Church of Scientology | year = 2006 | ref = harv }} In {{cite book | last = Gallagher | first = Eugene V. | last2 = Ashcraft | first2 = W. Michael (eds.) | title = Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America | place = Westport CT | publisher = Greenwood Press | year = 2006 | volume = 5 | pages = 169–196 | isbn = 978-0-275-98712-1 | ref = harv }} |
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* {{cite book | last = Cowan | first = Douglas E. | author-link = Douglas E. Cowan | last2 = Bromley | first2 = David G. | author2-link = David G. Bromley | title = Cults and New Religions: A Brief History | place = Malden, MA / Oxford, UK / Carlton, Victoria, Australia | publisher = Blackwell Publishing | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-1-4051-6127-5 | ref = harv }} |
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* {{cite journal |last=Cusack |first=Carole M. |title=Celebrity, the Popular Media, and Scientology: Making Familiar the Unfamiliar|year=2009 |ref=harv }} In {{cite book |last=Lewis |first=James R. |authorlink=James R. Lewis (scholar) |title=Scientology |url=https://archive.org/details/scientology00lewi_091 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |location=New York, NY |pages=[https://archive.org/details/scientology00lewi_091/page/n403 389]–409 |isbn=978-0-19-533149-3 |ref=harv }} |
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* {{cite journal |last1=Cusack |first1=Carole M. |authorlink= |last2=Digance |first2=Justine |title=Pastoral Care and September 11: Scientology's Nontraditional Religious Contribution|year=2009 |ref=harv }} In {{cite book |last=Lewis |first=James R. |authorlink=James R. Lewis (scholar) |title=Scientology |url=https://archive.org/details/scientology00lewi_091 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |location=New York, NY |pages=[https://archive.org/details/scientology00lewi_091/page/n449 435]–437 |isbn=978-0-19-533149-3 |ref=harv }} |
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* {{cite book |last=Flowers |first=Ronald B. |title=Religion in Strange Times: The 1960s and 1970s |url=https://archive.org/details/religioninstrang0000flow |publisher=Mercer University Press |location=Macon, GA |year=1984 |isbn=978-0-86554-127-6 |ref=harv }} |
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* {{cite web|author=Frenschkowski, Marco|title=L. Ron Hubbard and Scientology: An annotated bibliographical survey of primary and selected secondary literature|year=1999|url=http://www.uni-marburg.de/religionswissenschaft/journal/mjr/frenschkowski.html|ref=harv|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050902015002/http://www.uni-marburg.de/religionswissenschaft/journal/mjr/frenschkowski.html|archivedate=September 2, 2005}} |
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* {{cite book | last = Gallagher | first = Eugene V. | last2 = Ashcraft | first2 = W. Michael (eds.) | title = Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America | place = Westport CT | publisher = Greenwood Press | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-0-275-98712-1 | volume = | ref = harv }} |
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* {{cite book|author=Garrison, Omar V.|title=The Hidden Story of Scientology|url=https://archive.org/details/hiddenstoryofsci00garr|isbn=978-0-8065-0440-7|publisher=Citadel Press|year=1974|ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Hunt|first=Stephen J.|title=Alternative Religions: A Sociological Introduction|url=https://archive.org/details/alternativerelig0000hunt|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|year=2003|isbn=978-0-7546-3410-2|ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite journal |last=Kent |first=Stephen A. |authorlink=Stephen A. Kent |year=1996 |title=Scientology's Relationship With Eastern Religious Traditions |journal=[[Journal of Contemporary Religion]] |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=21–36 |url=http://www.arts.ualberta.ca/~skent/Linkedfiles/Scientology's%20Relationship%20With%20Eastern%20Religious%20Traditions%20.htm |accessdate=January 13, 2009 |doi=10.1080/13537909608580753 |ref=harv |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902204426/http://www.arts.ualberta.ca/~skent/Linkedfiles/Scientology%27s%20Relationship%20With%20Eastern%20Religious%20Traditions%20.htm |archivedate=September 2, 2012 }} |
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* {{cite journal |last=Kent |first=Stephen A. |authorlink=Stephen A. Kent |year=2001 |title=The French and German versus American Debate over 'New Religions', Scientology, and Human Rights |journal=Marburg Journal of Religion |volume=6 |issue=1 |url=http://web.uni-marburg.de/religionswissenschaft/journal/mjr/kent2.html#1 |accessdate=March 28, 2009 |doi= |ref=harv |archive-date=2009-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113081957/http://web.uni-marburg.de/religionswissenschaft/journal/mjr/kent2.html#1 |dead-url=yes }} |
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* {{cite book |last=Lewis |first=James R. |authorlink=James R. Lewis (scholar) |title=Scientology |url=https://archive.org/details/scientology0000unse_f8p0 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-0-19-533149-3 |ref=harv }} |
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* {{cite book | last = Lewis | first = James R. | author-link = James R. Lewis (scholar) | last2 = Hammer | first2 = Olav | author2-link = Olav Hammer | title = The Invention of Sacred Tradition | place = Cambridge, UK | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-0-521-86479-4 | ref = harv }} |
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* {{cite book |last=Melton |first=J. Gordon |authorlink=J. Gordon Melton |title=The Church of Scientology |url=https://archive.org/details/churchofscientol00meltrich |publisher=Signature Press |year=2000 |location=Salt Lake City |isbn=978-1-56085-139-4 |ref=harv }} |
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* {{cite book|editor1-last=Neusner|editor1-first=Jacob|editor1link=Jacob Neusner|year=2003|title=World Religions in America|url=https://archive.org/details/worldreligionsin0000unse_j3t5|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press|isbn=978-0-664-22475-2|ref=harv|chapter=Chapter 14: The Church of Scientology: A Very New American Religion|last1=DeChant|first1=Dell|last2=Jorgenson|first2=Danny L.}} |
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* {{cite journal |last=Palmer |first=Susan J. |authorlink=Susan J. Palmer |title=The Church of Scientology in France: Legal and Activist Counterattacks in the "War on ''Sectes''"|year=2009 |ref=harv }} In {{cite book |last=Lewis |first=James R. |authorlink=James R. Lewis (scholar) |title=Scientology |url=https://archive.org/details/scientology00lewi_091 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |location=New York, NY |pages=[https://archive.org/details/scientology00lewi_091/page/n309 295]–322 |isbn=978-0-19-533149-3 |ref=harv }} |
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* {{Cite book |last=Reitman |first=Janet |title=Inside Scientology: The Story of America's Most Secretive Religion |url=https://archive.org/details/insidescientolog0000reit_r2z9 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing |year=2011 |location=New York |isbn=978-0-618-88302-8 }} |
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* {{cite journal |last=Richardson |first=James T. |authorlink=James T. Richardson |title=Scientology in Court: A Look at Some Major Cases from Various Nations|year=2009 |ref=harv }} In {{cite book |last=Lewis |first=James R. |authorlink=James R. Lewis (scholar) |title=Scientology |url=https://archive.org/details/scientology00lewi_091 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |location=New York, NY |pages=[https://archive.org/details/scientology00lewi_091/page/n297 283]–294 |isbn=978-0-19-533149-3 |ref=harv }} |
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* {{cite book |last=Urban |first=Hugh B. |title=The Church of Scientology: A History of a New Religion |publisher=Princeton Press |year=2011 |location= |isbn=978-0-691-14608-9 |title-link=The Church of Scientology: A History of a New Religion }} |
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* {{cite book|last=Willms|first=Gerald|title=Scientology: Kulturbeobachtungen jenseits der Devianz|publisher=transcript Verlag|location=Bielefeld, Germany|year=2005|isbn=978-3-89942-330-3|ref=harv|language=de}} |
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* {{cite journal |last=Willms |first=Gerald |title=Scientology: "Modern Religion" or "Religion of Modernity"?|year=2009 |ref=harv }} In {{cite book |last=Lewis |first=James R. |authorlink=James R. Lewis (scholar) |title=Scientology |url=https://archive.org/details/scientology00lewi_091 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |location=New York, NY |pages=[https://archive.org/details/scientology00lewi_091/page/n259 245]–265 |isbn=978-0-19-533149-3 |ref=harv }} |
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* {{cite book | last = Zellner | first = William W. | last2 = Petrowsky | first2 = Marc | title = Sects, Cults, and Spiritual Communities: a Sociological Analysis | place = Westport CT | publisher = Praeger Publishers | year = 1998 | isbn = 978-0-275-96335-4 | ref = harv }} |
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{{Refend}} |
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== Pranala luar == |
== Pranala luar == |
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{{ |
{{Sister project links|Scientology|b=no|d=Q131036}} |
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* [https://www.scientology.org/ Church of Scientology homepage] |
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* {{Dmoz|Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Scientology/Church_of_Scientology/News_and_Media/}} |
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* [http://www.cesnur.org/testi/se_scientology.htm Center for Studies on New Religions (CESNUR List of Scientology articles)] |
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* [http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/Library/Shelf/kent/religion.html Scientology -- Is This a Religion? by Stephen A. Kent] |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131110083319/http://neuereligion.de/ENG/melton/page01.htm A Short Study of the Scientology Religion by J. Gordon Melton] |
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* [http://www.uni-marburg.de/fb03/ivk/mjr/pdfs/1999/articles/frenschkowski1999.pdf An Annotated Bibliographical Survey of Primary and Secondary Literature on L. Ron Hubbard and Scientology] |
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{{Scientology|state=expanded}} |
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=== Situs yang mendukung === |
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{{L. Ron Hubbard}} |
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* {{cite web |
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{{Topik agama}} |
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| title = Welcome to Scientology |
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| work = Situs resmi Church of Scientology |
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| url= http://www.scientology.org |
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| publisher = [[Church of Scientology]]}} |
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* {{cite web |
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| title = What is Scientology ? |
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| work = Jawaban atas banyak pertanyaan yang biasa diajukan tentang Scientology dan kegiatannya |
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| url= http://www.whatisscientology.org |
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| publisher = [[Church of Scientology]]}} |
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* {{cite web |
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| title = What Religious Scholars Have to Say about the Scientology Religion |
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| work = Banyak pakar disajikan dalam format PDF |
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| url= http://www.humanrights-germany.org/experts/index.htm |
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| publisher = [[Church of Scientology]]}} ({{pdf}}) |
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* {{cite web |
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| title = Scientology® and L. Ron Hubbard® - Pengantar |
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| work = Presentasi tentang Scientology |
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| format = Situs pribadi |
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| url= http://www.algonet.se/~tourtel/interests/hubbard.html |
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| first= Michel |
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| last= Snoeck}} |
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* {{cite web |
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| title = Beliefnet: Scientology |
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| work = Deskripsi tentang Scientology |
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| url= http://www.beliefnet.com/index/index_10042.html |
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| publisher = [[Beliefnet]]}} |
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* {{cite web |
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| title = Situs L. Ron Hubbard |
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| work = Situs resmi L. Ron Hubbard |
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| url= http://www.lronhubbard.org/ |
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| publisher = [[Church of Scientology]] }} |
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* {{cite web |
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| author = [[Mary Sue Hubbard]] |
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| title = Mary Sue Hubbard, A Tribute |
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| work = Situs Tribute |
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| url= http://marysuehubbard.com |
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| publisher = International Freezone Association}} |
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* {{cite web |
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| title = International Freezone Association |
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| work = A Scientology Freezone Association |
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| url= http://internationalfreezone.net |
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| publisher = International Freezone Association}} |
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* {{cite web |
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| title = The scientologists freezone |
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| work = Informasi tentang perubahan-perubahan dalam Gereja ini |
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| url= http://scientologistsfreezone.com |
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| publisher = scientologists freezone }} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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=== Situs kritis dan lainnya === |
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[[Kategori:Scientology| ]] |
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* [http://www.xenutv.com/ Xenu TV] - "Exposing Scientology Through Streaming Video" |
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[[Kategori:Agama]] |
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* [http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/Secrets/index.html Rahasia Scientology] |
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[[Kategori:Ilmu semu]] |
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* [http://www.whyaretheydead.net/ Daftar kematian yang berkaitan dengan Scientology] |
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[[Kategori:Gerakan agama baru]] |
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* [http://www.scientology-lies.com/ Kebohongan Scientology] |
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[[Kategori:Agama UFO]] |
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* [https://archive.is/20130120142519/www.rickross.com/groups/scientology.html Rick Ross Informasi Scientology] |
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* [http://www.rotten.com/library/religion/scientology/ Scientology di The Rotten Library] |
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* [http://www.planetboredom.net/video.php?id=1419 The Story Of Book One, Dianetics] Video yang diproduksi Scientology tentang buku Dianetika. |
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* [http://www.sptimes.com/2006/06/24/Tampabay/The_unperson.shtml "The Unperson", ''St. Petersburg Times'', 06/24/06] (Deskripsi tentang makhluk yang dinyatakan sebagai "Pribadi yang menekan") |
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* [http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/story/9363363/inside_scientology "Inside Scientology", ''Rolling Stone''; 02/23/06] - Artikel mendalam Rolling Stone tentang Scientology |
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* [http://www.xenutv.com/int/panorama.htm BBC Dokumenter tentang Scientology sejak 1987] |
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* [http://alley.ethercat.com/door/index.html Scientology - Through the Door] Wawancara dengan lebih dari 100 pemeluk dan bekas pemeluk Scientology. |
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* [http://www.lermanet.com/frontgroups.html Related Groups] - Daftar kelompok yang terkait dengan organisasi Scientology. |
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* [http://www.wnyc.org/shows/lopate/episodes/2005/07/15 Please Explain: Scientology] dari The [[Leonard Lopate]] Show pada 15 Juli 2005 |
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* [http://www.xenu.net/ Operation Clambake on ''Scientology'' Xenu.net] |
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* [http://www.freedomofmind.com/resourcecenter/groups/s/scientology/ Stephen Hassan's Freedom of Mind Center tentang ''Scientology''] |
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{{stub}} |
{{stub}} |
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[[Kategori:Agama baru]] |
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[[Kategori:Ilmu semu]] |
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[[Kategori:Scientology|*]] |
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[[Kategori:Agama UFO]] |
Revisi terkini sejak 10 Januari 2024 18.49
![]() Lambang Scientology terdiri dari huruf S (Scientology) dan segitiga ARC dan KRC (dua konsep penting dalam Scientology)[1] | |
Tanggal pendirian | Mei 1952[2] |
---|---|
Kantor pusat | Gold Base Riverside County, California[3] |
David Miscavige | |
Situs web | www.scientology.org |
Catatan | Gedung utama: Church of Scientology International, Los Angeles, California, A.S. |
Scientology ([/ˌsaɪənˈtɑːlədʒi/], pelafalan dalam bahasa Indonesia: [sajəntolodʒi]) adalah sekumpulan ajaran dan teknik terkait yang dikembangkan oleh pengarang Amerika, L. Ron Hubbard selama sekitar 30 tahun, dimulai pada 1952 sebagai suatu filosofi pertolongan diri-sendiri, perkembangan dari sistem pertolongan diri-sendirinya yang lebih awal, Dianetika. Ajaran ini mengklaim menawarkan suatu metodologi yang eksak (pasti) untuk menolong manusia mencapai kesadaran keberadaan rohaninya melintasi beberapa masa hidupnya dan, pada saat yang bersamaan, untuk menjadi lebih efektif di dunia fisik. Nama "Scientology" juga digunakan untuk merujuk kepada Gereja Scientology yang kontroversial, organisasi terbesar yang mempromosikan praktik Scientology. Gereja ini sendiri adalah bagian dari jaringan korporasi terkait yang mengklaim pemilikan dan wewenang tunggal untuk menyebarkan Dianetika dan Scientology.
Scientology menyatakan bahwa tujuannya adalah "merehabilitasi" thetan (kira-kira setara dengan jiwa) untuk memperoleh kembali keadaannya semula berupa "kebebasan total." Para jurubicara gereja ini dan praktisinya memberikan kesaksian bahwa ajaran-ajaran Hubbard (yang disebut "Teknologi" atau "Tek" dalam terminologi Scientology) telah menyelamatkan mereka dari begitu banyak masalah dan memampukan mereka untuk lebih menyadari potensi tertinggi mereka dalam bisnis maupun kehidupan pribadi mereka.[4][5] Namun, para pengamat luar - termasuk wartawan, anggota parlemen, lembaga-lembaga pemerintahan nasional dari sejumlah negara - telah mencapai kesimpulan tentang Scientology yang sangat bertentangan dengan penggambaran diri Gereja ini. Di antaranya termasuk tuduhan-tuduhan bahwa Gereja ini adalah sebuah usaha komersial tidak jujur, yang mengganggu para kritikusnya dan secara brutal mengeksploitir anggota-anggotanya.[6][7]
Meskipun beberapa pakar dan banyak pemerintahan dunia [8] menerima Scientology sebagai sebuah agama yang bonafid,[9][10] Scientology juga telah digambarkan sebagai pseudo agama, sebuah ajaran sesat[11] atau sebuah perusahaan transnasional.[10]
Lihat pula
[sunting | sunting sumber]Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Cusack 2009, hlm. 400
- ^ Lewis, J. (2017). Lewis, James R.; Hellesoy, Kjersti, ed. Handbook of Scientology. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Brill. ISBN 9789004330542.
- ^ Associated Press (August 13, 1991). "Rural studio is Scientology headquarters". San Jose Mercury News. hlm. 6B.
- ^ "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-02-04. Diakses tanggal 2010-01-14.
- ^ "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-12-22. Diakses tanggal 2014-11-20.
- ^ Leiby, Richard (24 Desember 1994). "Scientology Fiction: The Church's War Against Its Critics — and Truth". The Washington Post. hlm. C1. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-05-30. Diakses tanggal 21 Juni 2006. .
- ^ Goodin, Dan (3 Juni 1999). "Scientology subpoenas Worldnet". CNET News.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-05-24. Diakses tanggal 4 Mei 2006.
- ^ "Scientology is a Bona Fide Religion Serving Exclusively Religious and Charitable Purposes". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-03-05. Diakses tanggal 2006-11-09.
- ^ Hexham, Irving (1978, rev. 1997). "The Religious Status of Scientology: Is Scientology a Religion?". Universitas Calgary. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2024. "Salinan arsip". Archived from the original on 2009-11-19. Diakses tanggal 2014-11-18.
- ^ a b Kent, Stephen (July 1999). "Scientology -- Is this a Religion?". Marburg Journal of Religion. Diakses pada 26 Agustus 2006. "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2006-08-19. Diakses tanggal 2014-11-18. Sosiolog Kent, meskipun mengakui bahwa sejumlah rekannya mengakui Scientology sebagai agama, berargumen bahwa "Daripada berdebat tentang apakah Scientology harus diberi label agama atau tidak, saya merasa lebih baik memandangnya sebagai sebuah perusahaan transnasional dengan banyak sisi, dan hanya satu unsurnya saja yang bersifat keagamaan." (huruf miring dalam tulisan asli.)
- ^ Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin (September 2003). "Scientology: Religion or racket?" (PDF). Marburg Journal of Religion. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2024. "Salinan arsip" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2006-11-08. Diakses tanggal 2014-11-18.
Catatan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Barrett, David V. (1998). Sects, 'Cults' & Alternative Religions: A World Survey and Sourcebook (Paperback) New Ed. Sterling Pub Co Inc. ISBN 978-0-7137-2756-2.
- Behar, Richard (1991). Scientology: The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power Diarsipkan 2012-05-24 di Archive.is, Time magazine.
- Bogdan, Henrik (2009). "The Church of Scientology in Sweden". In Lewis, James R. (2009). Scientology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. hlm. 335–344. ISBN 978-0-19-533149-3.
- Bromley, David G. (2009). "Making Sense of Scientology". In Lewis, James R. (2009). Scientology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. hlm. 83–101. ISBN 978-0-19-533149-3.
- Cowan, Douglas E.; Bromley, David G. (2006). "The Church of Scientology". In Gallagher, Eugene V.; Ashcraft, W. Michael (eds.) (2006). Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America. 5. Westport CT: Greenwood Press. hlm. 169–196. ISBN 978-0-275-98712-1.
- Cowan, Douglas E.; Bromley, David G. (2007). Cults and New Religions: A Brief History. Malden, MA / Oxford, UK / Carlton, Victoria, Australia: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4051-6127-5.
- Cusack, Carole M. (2009). "Celebrity, the Popular Media, and Scientology: Making Familiar the Unfamiliar". In Lewis, James R. (2009). Scientology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. hlm. 389–409. ISBN 978-0-19-533149-3.
- Cusack, Carole M.; Digance, Justine (2009). "Pastoral Care and September 11: Scientology's Nontraditional Religious Contribution". In Lewis, James R. (2009). Scientology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. hlm. 435–437. ISBN 978-0-19-533149-3.
- Flowers, Ronald B. (1984). Religion in Strange Times: The 1960s and 1970s. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press. ISBN 978-0-86554-127-6.
- Frenschkowski, Marco (1999). "L. Ron Hubbard and Scientology: An annotated bibliographical survey of primary and selected secondary literature". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal September 2, 2005.
- Gallagher, Eugene V.; Ashcraft, W. Michael (eds.) (2006). Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America. Westport CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-275-98712-1.
- Garrison, Omar V. (1974). The Hidden Story of Scientology. Citadel Press. ISBN 978-0-8065-0440-7.
- Hunt, Stephen J. (2003). Alternative Religions: A Sociological Introduction. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7546-3410-2.
- Kent, Stephen A. (1996). "Scientology's Relationship With Eastern Religious Traditions". Journal of Contemporary Religion. 11 (1): 21–36. doi:10.1080/13537909608580753. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal September 2, 2012. Diakses tanggal January 13, 2009.
- Kent, Stephen A. (2001). "The French and German versus American Debate over 'New Religions', Scientology, and Human Rights". Marburg Journal of Religion. 6 (1). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-01-13. Diakses tanggal March 28, 2009.
- Lewis, James R. (2009). Scientology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-533149-3.
- Lewis, James R.; Hammer, Olav (2007). The Invention of Sacred Tradition. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-86479-4.
- Melton, J. Gordon (2000). The Church of Scientology. Salt Lake City: Signature Press. ISBN 978-1-56085-139-4.
- DeChant, Dell; Jorgenson, Danny L. (2003). "Chapter 14: The Church of Scientology: A Very New American Religion". Dalam Neusner, Jacob. World Religions in America. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0-664-22475-2.
- Palmer, Susan J. (2009). "The Church of Scientology in France: Legal and Activist Counterattacks in the "War on Sectes"". In Lewis, James R. (2009). Scientology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. hlm. 295–322. ISBN 978-0-19-533149-3.
- Reitman, Janet (2011). Inside Scientology: The Story of America's Most Secretive Religion. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing. ISBN 978-0-618-88302-8.
- Richardson, James T. (2009). "Scientology in Court: A Look at Some Major Cases from Various Nations". In Lewis, James R. (2009). Scientology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. hlm. 283–294. ISBN 978-0-19-533149-3.
- Urban, Hugh B. (2011). The Church of Scientology: A History of a New Religion. Princeton Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14608-9.
- Willms, Gerald (2005). Scientology: Kulturbeobachtungen jenseits der Devianz (dalam bahasa Jerman). Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag. ISBN 978-3-89942-330-3.
- Willms, Gerald (2009). "Scientology: "Modern Religion" or "Religion of Modernity"?". In Lewis, James R. (2009). Scientology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. hlm. 245–265. ISBN 978-0-19-533149-3.
- Zellner, William W.; Petrowsky, Marc (1998). Sects, Cults, and Spiritual Communities: a Sociological Analysis. Westport CT: Praeger Publishers. ISBN 978-0-275-96335-4.
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]Cari tahu mengenai Scientology pada proyek-proyek Wikimedia lainnya: | |
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Definisi dan terjemahan dari Wiktionary |
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Gambar dan media dari Commons |
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Berita dari Wikinews |
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Kutipan dari Wikiquote |
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Teks sumber dari Wikisource |
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Entri basisdata #Q131036 di Wikidata |
- Church of Scientology homepage
- Scientology di Curlie (dari DMOZ)
- Center for Studies on New Religions (CESNUR List of Scientology articles)
- Scientology -- Is This a Religion? by Stephen A. Kent
- A Short Study of the Scientology Religion by J. Gordon Melton
- An Annotated Bibliographical Survey of Primary and Secondary Literature on L. Ron Hubbard and Scientology