Punjab: Perbedaan antara revisi
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WillsonEP09 (bicara | kontrib) k WillsonEP09 memindahkan halaman Punjab (wilayah) ke Punjab Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler Suntingan seluler lanjutan |
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(15 revisi perantara oleh 7 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
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{{Tentang|wilayah geografis|provinsi di Pakistan|Punjab, Pakistan|negara bagian di India|Punjab, India}} |
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{{For-multi|bahasa|bahasa Punjab||Punjab (disambiguasi)}} |
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{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
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| name = Punjab |
| name = Punjab |
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| native_name = {{lang|pnb|{{Nastaliq|پنجاب}}}} {{nobold|{{lang|pa|'''ਪੰਜਾਬ'''}}}} |
| native_name = {{lang|pnb|{{Nastaliq|پنجاب}}}} {{nobold|{{lang|pa|'''ਪੰਜਾਬ'''}}}} |
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| native_name_lang = |
| native_name_lang = |
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| settlement_type = |
| settlement_type = daerah |
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| image_skyline = |
| image_skyline = |
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| image_alt = |
| image_alt = |
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| image_caption = |
| image_caption = |
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| image_flag = |
| image_flag = |
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| flag_alt = |
| flag_alt = |
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| image_seal = |
| image_seal = |
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| seal_alt = |
| seal_alt = |
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| image_shield = |
| image_shield = |
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| shield_alt = |
| shield_alt = |
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| nickname = |
| nickname = |
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| motto = |
| motto = |
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| image_map = Punjab map (topographic) with cities.png |
| image_map = Punjab map (topographic) with cities.png |
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| map_alt = |
| map_alt = |
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| map_caption = Lokasi Punjab di Asia selatan |
| map_caption = Lokasi Punjab di Asia selatan |
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| pushpin_map = |
| pushpin_map = |
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| pushpin_label_position = |
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| pushpin_map_alt = |
| pushpin_map_alt = |
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| pushpin_map_caption = |
| pushpin_map_caption = |
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| coordinates = |
| coordinates = |
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| coor_pinpoint = |
| coor_pinpoint = |
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| coordinates_footnotes = |
| coordinates_footnotes = |
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| subdivision_type = |
| subdivision_type = Negara |
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| subdivision_name = {{plainlist| |
| subdivision_name = {{plainlist| |
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*India |
*{{Flag|India}} |
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*Pakistan}} |
*{{flag|Pakistan}} |
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}} |
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| subdivision_type1 = Areas |
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| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab#Geografi politis|lihat di bawah]] |
| subdivision_type1 = Area |
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| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab#Geografi politis|lihat di bawah]] |
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| subdivision_type2 = [[Daftar kota di region Punjab berdasarkan populasi|Kota terbesar]] |
| subdivision_type2 = [[Daftar kota di region Punjab berdasarkan populasi|Kota terbesar]] |
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| subdivision_name2 = |
| subdivision_name2 = |
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| subdivision_type3 = |
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| subdivision_name3 = |
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| established_title = |
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| established_date = |
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| founder = |
| founder = |
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| seat_type = |
| seat_type = |
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| seat = |
| seat = |
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| government_footnotes = |
| government_footnotes = |
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| leader_party = |
| leader_party = |
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| leader_title = |
| leader_title = |
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| leader_name = |
| leader_name = |
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| blank_name_sec1 = Bahasa |
| blank_name_sec1 = Bahasa |
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| blank_info_sec1 = [[Bahasa Punjab|Punjabi]] |
| blank_info_sec1 = [[Bahasa Punjab|Punjabi]] |
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| blank_name_sec2 = |
| blank_name_sec2 = |
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| blank_info_sec2 = |
| blank_info_sec2 = |
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| unit_pref = Metric |
| unit_pref = Metric |
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<!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion --> |
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<!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> |
<!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->| area_footnotes = |
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| area_urban_footnotes = <!--<ref></ref> --> |
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| area_rural_footnotes = <!--<ref></ref> --> |
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| area_metro_footnotes = <!--<ref></ref> --> |
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| area_magnitude = <!--<ref></ref> --> |
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| area_total_km2 = 355591 |
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| area_blank2_km2 = <!-- hectares --> |
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<!-- hectares --> |
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| population_density_km2 = auto |
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| population_note = |
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| population_demonym = [[Suku Punjab|Punjabi]] |
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| timezone1 = [[Waktu di Pakistan|PKT (Pakistan)]] |
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| population_density_km2 = auto |
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| utc_offset1 = +5 |
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| timezone2 = [[Waktu Standar India|IST (India)]] |
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| utc_offset2 = +05.30 |
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| website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> |
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'''Punjab''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=Punjab.ogg|p|ʌ|n|ˈ|dʒ|ɑː|b}}, {{IPAc-en|-|ˈ|dʒ|æ|b}}, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|ʌ|n|dʒ|ɑː|b}}, {{IPAc-en|-|dʒ|æ|b}}), juga dieja '''Panjab''' (''negeri "lima sungai"'';<ref name=EoS>{{cite web |url=http://www.learnpunjabi.org/eos/PUNJAB.html |title=The Punjab |author=H K Manmohan Siṅgh |work=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism, Editor-in-Chief Harbans Singh |publisher=[[Punjabi University]], Patiala |accessdate=18 August 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305062705/http://www.learnpunjabi.org/eos/PUNJAB.html |archivedate=5 March 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[ |
'''Punjab''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=Punjab.ogg|p|ʌ|n|ˈ|dʒ|ɑː|b}}, {{IPAc-en|-|ˈ|dʒ|æ|b}}, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|ʌ|n|dʒ|ɑː|b}}, {{IPAc-en|-|dʒ|æ|b}}), juga dieja '''Panjab''' (''negeri "lima sungai"'';<ref name=EoS>{{cite web |url=http://www.learnpunjabi.org/eos/PUNJAB.html |title=The Punjab |author=H K Manmohan Siṅgh |work=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism, Editor-in-Chief Harbans Singh |publisher=[[Punjabi University]], Patiala |accessdate=18 August 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305062705/http://www.learnpunjabi.org/eos/PUNJAB.html |archivedate=5 March 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[bahasa Punjab|Punjabi]]: {{lang|pnb|{{Nastaliq|پنجاب}}}} <small> ([[Shahmukhi]])''';''' </small> {{lang|pa|ਪੰਜਾਬ}} <small>([[Gurumukhi]])</small>; {{lang-el|Πενταποταμία}}, ''Pentapotamia'', adalah suatu daerah geopolitik, kebudayaan, dan historis di [[Asia Selatan]], khususnya di bagian utara [[anak benua India]], yang terdiri dari wilayah [[Pakistan]] timur dan [[India utara]]. Batas-batas daerah ini tidak jelas dan berfokus pada catatan sejarah. |
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Hingga [[Pembagian Punjab]] pada tahun 1947, [[Provinsi Punjab (India Britania)|Provinsi Punjab]] Britania meliputi [[ |
Hingga [[Pemisahan India|Pembagian Punjab]] pada tahun 1947, [[Provinsi Punjab (India Britania)|Provinsi Punjab]] Britania meliputi [[Daftar negara bagian dan wilayah di India|negara-begara bagian India]] saat ini di [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], Haryana, [[Himachal Pradesh]], Chandigarh, dan Delhi, dan [[Unit administratif di Pakistan|provinsi-provinsi Pakistan]] [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] dan [[Wilayah Ibu Kota Islamabad]]. Daerah Punjab berbatasan dengan daerah [[Balochistan]] dan [[Pashtunistan]] di barat, [[Kashmir]] di utara, [[Sabuk Hindi]] di timur, dan [[Rajasthan]] dan [[Sindh]] di selatan. |
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Orang-orang Punjab saat ini disebut [[Suku Punjab|Punjabi]], dan bahasa utama mereka adalah [[bahasa Punjab|Punjabi]]. Agama-agama utama dari daerah Punjab adalah [[Islam]], [[Sikhisme]], dan [[Hinduisme]]. Kelompok agama lainnya adalah [[Kristen]], [[Jainisme]], [[Zoroastrianisme]], [[Buddhisme]], dan [[Ravidassia]]. Daerah Punjab telah didiami oleh [[Peradaban Lembah Indus]], [[bangsa Indo-Arya]], dan [[Kerajaan India-Skithia|bangsa Indo-Skithia]], dan telah mengalami banyak sekali invasi oleh [[Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah|Persia]], [[Kampanye Aleksander di India|Yunani]], [[Kekaisaran Kushan|Kushan]], [[Ghaznawiyah]], [[Dinasti Timuriyah|Timuriyah]], [[Kesultanan Mughal|Mughal]], [[Pashtun]], [[Kemaharajaan Britania|Britania]], dan lainnya. Invasi-invasi asing bersejarah terutama menargetkan daerah pusat paling produktif di Punjab yang dikenal sebagai daerah [[Majha]],<ref>Jatiinder Aulakh. Archaeological History of Majha: Research Book about Archaeology and Mythology with Rare Photograph. Createspace Independent Pub, 2014</ref> yang juga merupakan fondasi dari [[budaya Punjabi|budaya]] dan tradisi Punjabi.<ref>Arrain, Anabasis, V.22, p.115</ref> |
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== Referensi == |
== Referensi == |
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Baris 131: | Baris 132: | ||
* {{Dmoz|Regional/Asia/India/Punjab|Punjab, India}} |
* {{Dmoz|Regional/Asia/India/Punjab|Punjab, India}} |
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* {{Dmoz|Regional/Asia/Pakistan/Provinces/Punjab|Punjab, Pakistan}} |
* {{Dmoz|Regional/Asia/Pakistan/Provinces/Punjab|Punjab, Pakistan}} |
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{{Coord|31|74|scale:3000000|display=title}} |
{{Coord|31|74|scale:3000000|display=title}} |
Revisi terkini sejak 18 Maret 2024 06.50
Punjab
پنجاب ਪੰਜਾਬ | |
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daerah | |
![]() Lokasi Punjab di Asia selatan | |
Negara | |
Area | lihat di bawah |
Luas | |
• Total | 355.591 km2 (137,294 sq mi) |
Demonim | Punjabi |
Zona waktus | UTC+5 (PKT (Pakistan)) |
UTC+05.30 (IST (India)) | |
Bahasa | Punjabi |
Punjab (/pʌnˈdʒɑːb/ ⓘ, /-ˈdʒæb/, /ˈpʌndʒɑːb/, /-dʒæb/), juga dieja Panjab (negeri "lima sungai";[1] Punjabi: پنجاب (Shahmukhi); ਪੰਜਾਬ (Gurumukhi); bahasa Yunani: Πενταποταμία, Pentapotamia, adalah suatu daerah geopolitik, kebudayaan, dan historis di Asia Selatan, khususnya di bagian utara anak benua India, yang terdiri dari wilayah Pakistan timur dan India utara. Batas-batas daerah ini tidak jelas dan berfokus pada catatan sejarah.
Hingga Pembagian Punjab pada tahun 1947, Provinsi Punjab Britania meliputi negara-begara bagian India saat ini di Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Chandigarh, dan Delhi, dan provinsi-provinsi Pakistan Punjab dan Wilayah Ibu Kota Islamabad. Daerah Punjab berbatasan dengan daerah Balochistan dan Pashtunistan di barat, Kashmir di utara, Sabuk Hindi di timur, dan Rajasthan dan Sindh di selatan.
Orang-orang Punjab saat ini disebut Punjabi, dan bahasa utama mereka adalah Punjabi. Agama-agama utama dari daerah Punjab adalah Islam, Sikhisme, dan Hinduisme. Kelompok agama lainnya adalah Kristen, Jainisme, Zoroastrianisme, Buddhisme, dan Ravidassia. Daerah Punjab telah didiami oleh Peradaban Lembah Indus, bangsa Indo-Arya, dan bangsa Indo-Skithia, dan telah mengalami banyak sekali invasi oleh Persia, Yunani, Kushan, Ghaznawiyah, Timuriyah, Mughal, Pashtun, Britania, dan lainnya. Invasi-invasi asing bersejarah terutama menargetkan daerah pusat paling produktif di Punjab yang dikenal sebagai daerah Majha,[2] yang juga merupakan fondasi dari budaya dan tradisi Punjabi.[3]
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ H K Manmohan Siṅgh. "The Punjab". The Encyclopedia of Sikhism, Editor-in-Chief Harbans Singh. Punjabi University, Patiala. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 5 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 18 August 2015.
- ^ Jatiinder Aulakh. Archaeological History of Majha: Research Book about Archaeology and Mythology with Rare Photograph. Createspace Independent Pub, 2014
- ^ Arrain, Anabasis, V.22, p.115
Bacaan lebih lanjut
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Narang, K.S.; Gupta, Dr H.R. (1969). History of the Punjab 1500–1858 (PDF). U. C. Kapur & Sons, Delhi. Diakses tanggal 22 January 2014.
- [Quraishee 73] Punjabi Adab De Kahani, Abdul Hafeez Quaraihee, Azeez Book Depot, Lahore, 1973.
- [Chopra 77] Punjab as a Sovereign State, Gulshan Lal Chopra, Al-Biruni, Lahore, 1977.
- Patwant Singh. 1999. The Sikhs. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-50206-0.
- The Evolution of Heroic Tradition in Ancient Panjab, 1971, Buddha Parkash.
- Social and Political Movements in ancient Panjab, Delhi, 1962, Buddha Parkash.
- History of Porus, Patiala, Buddha Parkash.
- History of the Panjab, Patiala, 1976, Fauja Singh, L. M. Joshi (Ed).
- The Legacy of the Punjab, 1997, R. M. Chopra.
- The Rise Growth and Decline of Indo-Persian Literature, R. M. Chopra, 2012, Iran Culture House, New Delhi. 2nd revised edition, published in 2013.
- Sims, Holly. "The State and Agricultural Productivity: Continuity versus Change in the Indian and Pakistani Punjabs." Asian Survey, 1 April 1986, Vol. 26(4), pp. 483–500
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Official website of Punjab, India
- Official website of Punjab, Pakistan
- Punjab, India di Curlie (dari DMOZ)
- Punjab, Pakistan di Curlie (dari DMOZ)