Partai Komunis Amerika Serikat: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox political party |
{{Infobox political party |
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|name=Communist Party of the United States of America |
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|name = Partai Komunis Amerika Serikat |
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|logo |
|logo= [[Berkas:CPUSA.svg|120px]] |
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|colorcode |
|colorcode={{Communist Party USA/meta/color}} |
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|chairman |
|chairman=[[John Bachtell]] |
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|foundation |
|foundation={{start date and age|1919}} |
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|headquarters=235 W. 23rd Street, New York City, New York, 10011 |
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|ideology = [[Komunisme]]<br>[[Marxisme-Leninisme]] |
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|newspaper=''[[People's World]]'' |
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|position = [[Politik kiri|Kiri]] |
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|youth_wing |
|youth_wing=[[Young Communist League USA|Young Communist League]] (1920–2015) |
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|membership={{increase}} ±5.000<ref>{{cite news|work=CPUSA Online|title=Trump sparks communist growth surge|url=http://www.cpusa.org/article/trump-sparks-communist-growth-surge/|first=Tony|last=Pecinovsky|date=February 21, 2017}}</ref> |
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|membership = est. 2,000 <ref>{{cite article|title=Workers of the World, Please See Our Web Site|site=New York Times|year=2011|month= May 22|ref=|page=|author=Joseph Berger |
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|ideology=[[Sosialisme konvensi hak asasi manusia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cpusa.org/party_info/socialism-in-the-usa/|title=Bill of Rights Socialism|work=CPUSA Online|date=May 1, 2016|accessdate=October 30, 2017}}</ref><br>[[Komunisme]]<ref name="CPUSA Party Constitution">{{cite web|url=http://www.cpusa.org/party_info/cpusa-constitution/|title=CPUSA Constitution|work=CPUSA Online|date=September 20, 2001|accessdate=October 30, 2017}}</ref><br>[[Marxisme–Leninisme]]<ref name="CPUSA Party Constitution"/> |
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|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/23/nyregion/leftist-parties-in-new-york-have-new-appeal.html}}</ref> (2011) |
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|position=[[Kiri jauh]]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Pierard|first1=Richard|year=1998|title=American Extremists: Militias, Supremacists, Klansmen, Communists, & Others. By John George and Laird Wilcox. Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Press, 1996. 443 pp. $18.95|journal=Journal of Church and State|volume=40|issue=4|pages=912–913|publisher=Oxford Journals|doi=10.1093/jcs/40.4.912|url=http://jcs.oxfordjournals.org/content/40/4/912.extract|accessdate=October 30, 2017}}</ref> |
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|international = [[List of participants at International Conference of Communist & Workers' Parties 1998–2009|International Meeting of Communist & Workers' Parties]] |
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|international=[[Pertemuan Partai Komunis dan Buruh Internasional]] |
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|headquarters = 235 W. 23rd Street<br> New York 10011 |
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|colors={{color box|{{Communist Party USA/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} [[Merah]] |
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|website = [http://cpusa.org http://cpusa.org] |
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|website={{url|cpusa.org}} |
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|country = Amerika Serikat |
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|country=Amerika Serikat |
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[[Berkas:CPUSA logo.svg|jmpl|120px|Logo lama Partai Komunis Amerika Serikat]] |
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'''Partai Komunis Amerika Serikat''' atau The '''Communist Party USA''' ('''CPUSA''') adalah [[partai politik]] [[marxisme]] di [[Amerika Serikat]] yang didirikan pada tahun [[1919]]. Partai ini memiliki sejarah panjang yang rumit berkaitan erat dengan sejarah partai komunis yang sama di seluruh dunia dan gerakan buruh di Amerika Serikat. |
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'''Partai Komunis Amerika Serikat''' atau '''''Communist Party of the United States of America''''' ('''CPUSA''')<ref>"The name of this organization shall be the Communist Party of the United States of America.. Art. I of the [http://www.cpusa.org/party_info/cpusa-constitution/ "Constitution of the Communist Party of the United States of America"].</ref> adalah [[partai komunis]] di [[Amerika Serikat]] yang didirikan tahun 1919 setelah pecah dari [[Partai Sosialis Amerika]].<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite book|title=Constitution of the Communist Party USA|year=2001|work=CPUSA Online}}</ref> |
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CPUSA memiliki sejarah panjang dan rumit yang berkaitan erat dengan [[Komunis dalam Gerakan Buruh Amerika Serikat (1919–37)|gerakan buruh Amerika Serikat]] dan sejarah [[partai komunis]] di seluruh dunia. Partai ini memiliki pengaruh besar dalam [[politik Amerika Serikat]] pada paruh pertama abad ke-20 dan berperan penting dalam gerakan buruh tahun 1920-an sampai 1940-an. Partai ini kemudian dikenal karena [[antirasisme|menentang rasisme]] dan [[segregasi ras di Amerika Serikat|segregasi ras]]. Jumlah anggotanya naik saat [[Depresi Besar]], tetapi ditutup tidak lama kemudian karena beberapa faktor seperti [[Ketakutan Merah|Ketakutan Merah kedua]] dan pengaruh [[McCarthyisme]]. Selain itu, dukungan CPUSA terhadap [[Uni Soviet]] menjauhkan partai ini dari seluruh [[Kiri Amerika Serikat|sayap kiri di Amerika Serikat]] pada tahun 1960-an. |
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== Referensi == |
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{{reflist}} |
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CPUSA mendapat sumbangan besar dari Uni Soviet dan menyesuaikan sikap publiknya dengan sikap Soviet.<ref>Harvey Klehr, John Earl Haynes, and Kyrill M. Anderson, ''The Soviet World of American Communism'', Yale University Press (1998); {{ISBN|0-300-07150-7}}; p. 148.</ref> CPUSA juga memiliki agen rahasia untuk membantu agen Soviet melakukan [[spionase Soviet di Amerika Serikat|aktivitas mata-mata di Amerika Serikat]] dan memanfaatkan sejumlah [[daftar organisasi yang dicap kedok Komunis oleh pemerintah federal Amerika Serikat|organisasi kedok]] untuk mengubah opini masyarakat.<ref>Harvey Klehr, John Earl Haynes and Kyrill M. Anderson, ''The Soviet World of American Communism'', Yale University Press (1998); {{ISBN|0-300-07150-7}}; p. 74.</ref> |
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== Pranala luar == |
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* [http://www.cpusa.org CPUSA website], including a collection of [http://www.cpusa.org/article/static/511/ FAQs] |
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CPUSA menolak ''[[glastnost]]'' dan ''[[perestroika]]'' di Uni Soviet. Atas sikap ini, [[Partai Komunis Uni Soviet]] menghentikan sumbangan kepada CPUSA pada tahun 1989. Partai ini sampai sekarang masih berideologi [[Marxisme–Leninisme]]. |
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* [http://www.yclusa.org/ Young Communist League USA] youth group |
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* [http://www.peoplesworld.org People's World] weekly newspaper |
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== Calon presiden Amerika Serikat == |
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* [http://www.politicalaffairs.net Political Affairs] monthly theoretical publication |
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{|class="wikitable" |
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* [http://www.houstoncommunistparty.org/ Houston, Tex. Communist Party USA] chapter |
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* [http://www.marxisthistory.org Early American Marxism] collection of primary source documents (1919–1946) |
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!Tahun !! Presiden !! Wakil Presiden !! Suara !! Persen !! Nama |
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* [http://faculty.washington.edu/gregoryj/cpproject/ Communism in Washington State History and Memory Project]. Retrieved August 19, 2006. |
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* [http://www.archive.org/details/ManifestoAndProgram.Constitution.ReportToTheCommunistInternational Manifesto and program. Constitution. Report to the Communist International].First pamphlet of the CPA. |
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|[[Pemilihan umum presiden Amerika Serikat 1924|1924]] || [[William Z. Foster]] || [[Benjamin Gitlow]] || align=center|38,669 || align=center|0.13% || [[Partai Pekerja Amerika]] |
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* [http://www.archive.org/details/ManifestoToTheWorkersOfAmerica Manifesto to the workers of America.] |
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|- |
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|[[Pemilihan umum presiden Amerika Serikat 1928|1928]] || [[William Z. Foster]] || [[Benjamin Gitlow]] || align=center|48,551 || align=center|0.13% || Partai Pekerja (Komunis) Amerika |
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|- |
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|[[Pemilihan umum presiden Amerika Serikat 1932|1932]] || [[William Z. Foster]] || [[James W. Ford]] || align=center|103,307 || align=center|0.26% || rowspan="10"|Partai Komunis Amerika Serikat |
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|- |
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|[[Pemilihan umum presiden Amerika Serikat 1936|1936]] || [[Earl Browder]] || [[James W. Ford]] || align=center|79,315 || align=center|0.17% |
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|[[Pemilihan umum presiden Amerika Serikat 1940|1940]] || [[Earl Browder]] || [[James W. Ford]] || align=center|48,557 || align=center|0.10% |
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|-{{Party shading/Progressive}} |
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|[[Pemilihan umum presiden Amerika Serikat 1948|1948]] || Tidak ada; mendukung [[Henry A. Wallace|Henry Wallace]] || Tidak ada; mendukung [[Glen H. Taylor]] || rowspan=2 colspan=2 align=center|N/A |
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|-{{Party shading/Progressive}} |
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|[[Pemilihan umum presiden Amerika Serikat 1952|1952]] || Tidak ada; mendukung [[Vincent Hallinan]] || Tidak ada; mendukung [[Charlotta Bass]] |
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|- |
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|[[Pemilihan umum presiden Amerika Serikat 1968|1968]] || [[Charlene Mitchell]] || [[Michael Zagarell]] || align=center|1,077 || align=center|0.00% |
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|[[Pemilihan umum presiden Amerika Serikat 1972|1972]] || [[Gus Hall]] || [[Jarvis Tyner]] || align=center|25,597 || align=center|0.03% |
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|- |
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|[[Pemilihan umum presiden Amerika Serikat 1976|1976]] || [[Gus Hall]] || [[Jarvis Tyner]] || align=center|58,709 || align=center|0.07% |
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|[[Pemilihan umum presiden Amerika Serikat 1980|1980]] || [[Gus Hall]] || [[Angela Davis]] || align=center|44,933 || align=center|0.05% |
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|[[Pemilihan umum presiden Amerika Serikat 1984|1984]] || [[Gus Hall]] || [[Angela Davis]] || align=center|36,386 || align=center|0.04% |
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* Menurut situs web partai: "Partai Komunis tidak mendukung calon dari partai lain, tetapi kami turut mendorong masyarakat menggunakan hak pilihnya di pemilihan umum". |
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== Petinggi partai == |
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{|class="wikitable" |
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!Nama |
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!Periode |
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!Jabatan |
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|- |
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|[[Charles Ruthenberg]]<ref>[https://www.marxists.org/history/usa/eam/writers/ruthenberg.html "C. E. Ruthenberg Page"].</ref> |
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|1919–1927 |
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|Sekretaris Eksekutif CPA lama (1919–1920); Sekretaris Eksekutif WPA/W(C)P (Mei 1922 – 1927) |
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|- |
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|[[Alfred Wagenknecht]] |
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|1919–1921 |
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|Sekretaris Eksekutif CLP (1919–1920); UCP (1920–1921) |
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|- |
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|[[Charles Dirba]] |
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|1920–1921 |
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|Sekretaris Eksekutif CPA lama (1920–1921); CPA bersatu (30 Mei 1921 – 27 Juli 1921) |
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|- |
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|[[Louis Shapiro]] |
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|1920 |
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|Sekretaris Eksekutif CPA lama |
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|- |
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|[[L.E. Katterfeld]] |
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|1921 |
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|Sekretaris Eksekutif CPA bersatu |
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|- |
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|[[William Weinstone]] |
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|1921–1922 |
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|Sekretaris Eksekutif CPA bersatu |
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|- |
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|[[Jay Lovestone]] |
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|1922; 1927–1929 |
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|Sekretaris Eksekutif CPA bersatu (22 Februari 1922 – 22 Agustus 1922); W(C)P/CPUSA (1927–1929) |
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|- |
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|[[James P. Cannon]]<ref>[https://www.marxists.org/archive/cannon/works/index.htm "The James P. Cannon Library"].</ref> |
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|1921–1922 |
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|Ketua Nasional WPA |
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|- |
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|[[Caleb Harrison]] |
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|1921–1922 |
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|Sekretaris Eksekutif WPA |
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|- |
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|[[Abram Jakira]] |
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|1922–1923 |
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|Sekretaris Eksekutif CPA bersatu |
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|- |
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|[[William Z. Foster]]<ref>[https://www.marxistsfr.org/archive/foster/index.htm "William Z. Foster"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223093358/http://www.marxistsfr.org/archive/foster/index.htm |date=2019-02-23 }}.</ref> |
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|1929–1934; 1945–1957 |
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|Ketua Partai |
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|- |
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|[[Earl Browder]] |
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|1934–1945 |
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|Ketua Partai |
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|- |
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|[[Eugene Dennis]] |
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|1945–1959 |
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|Sekretaris Umum |
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|- |
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|[[Gus Hall]] |
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|1959–2000 |
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|Sekretaris Umum |
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|- |
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|[[Sam Webb]] |
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|2000–2014 |
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|Ketua |
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|- |
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|[[John Bachtell]] |
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|2014–sekarang |
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|Ketua |
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|- |
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|} |
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== Lihat juga == |
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* [[Daftar Partai Komunis]] |
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* [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] |
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== Catatan kaki == |
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{{reflist|2}} |
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== Bacaan lanjutan == |
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* Arnesen, Eric, "Civil Rights and the Cold War at Home: Postwar Activism, Anticommunism, and the Decline of the Left", ''American Communist History'' (2012), 11#1 pp 5–44. |
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* [[Theodore Draper|Draper, Theodore]], ''The Roots of American Communism.'' New York: Viking, 1957. |
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* [[Theodore Draper|Draper, Theodore]], ''American Communism and Soviet Russia: The Formative Period.'' New York: Viking, 1960. |
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* [[Theodore Draper|Draper, Theodore]], The Roots of American Communism. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers (Originally published by Viking Press in 1957). {{ISBN|0-7658-0513-8}}. |
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* [[Irving Howe|Howe, Irving]] and [[Lewis Coser]], ''The American Communist Party: A Critical History.'' Boston: Beacon Press, 1957. |
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* [[Maurice Isserman|Isserman, Maurice]], ''Which Side Were You On?: The American Communist Party During the Second World War.'' Wesleyan University Press, 1982 and 1987. |
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* Jaffe, Philip J., ''Rise and Fall of American Communism.'' Horizon Press, 1975. |
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* [[Harvey Klehr|Klehr, Harvey]]. ''The Heyday of American Communism: The Depression Decade'', Basic Books, 1984. |
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* [[Harvey Klehr|Klehr, Harvey]] and [[John Earl Haynes|Haynes, John Earl]], ''The American Communist Movement: Storming Heaven Itself'', Twayne Publishers (Macmillan), 1992. |
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* Klehr, Harvey, John Earl Haynes, and Fridrikh Igorevich Firsov. ''The Secret World of American Communism.'' New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995. |
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* Klehr, Harvey, Kyrill M. Anderson, and John Earl Haynes. ''The Soviet World of American Communism.'' New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998. |
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* Lewy, Guenter, ''The Cause That Failed: Communism in American Political Life.'' New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. |
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* McDuffie, Erik S., ''Sojourning for Freedom: Black Women, American Communism, and the Making of Black Left Feminism.'' Durham: Duke University Press, 2011 |
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* Ottanelli, Fraser M., ''The Communist Party of the United States: From the Depression to World War II.'' New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1991. |
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* Palmer, Bryan, ''James P. Cannon and the Origins of the American Revolutionary Left, 1890–1928.'' Urbana, IL: Illinois University Press, 2007. |
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* Service, Robert. ''Comrades!: a history of world communism'' (2007). |
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* Shannon, David A., ''The Decline of American Communism: A History of the Communist Party of the United States since 1945.'' New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1959. |
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* Starobin, Joseph R., ''American Communism in Crisis, 1943–1957.'' Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972. |
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* Zumoff, Jacob A. ''The Communist International and US Communism, 1919-1929.'' [2014] Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2015. |
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:Note: the number of articles, pamphlets and books directly or tangentially relating to communism in the United States and the CPUSA is vast, numbering into the thousands of titles. For a selection of the most important titles, see [[bibliography on American Communism]]. |
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== Arsip == |
== Arsip == |
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* [http://dlib.nyu.edu/findingaids/html/tamwag/tam_132/ "Communist Party of the United States of America Records"]. Tamiment Library & Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives. New York University. 1892-2009. |
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* [http://digital.lib.washington.edu/findingaids/view?docId=CommunistPartyoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica0464.xml "Communist Party of the United States of America Records"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223085146/http://digital.lib.washington.edu/findingaids/view?docId=CommunistPartyoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica0464.xml |date=2014-02-23 }}. 1956–1960. 100 items. |
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* [http://www.lib.washington.edu/specialcoll/findaids/docs/papersrecords/CommunistPartyUSAWashingtonState4901.xml "Communist Party of the United States of America, Washington State District Records"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705054308/http://www.lib.washington.edu/specialcoll/findaids/docs/papersrecords/CommunistPartyUSAWashingtonState4901.xml |date=2010-07-05 }}. 1919–2003. 8.93 cubic feet (12 boxes). |
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* [http://digital.lib.washington.edu/findingaids/view?docId=KinneyMarionS0461.xml "Marion S. Kinney Papers"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223090024/http://digital.lib.washington.edu/findingaids/view?docId=KinneyMarionS0461.xml |date=2014-02-23 }}. Circa 1941–1981. 18 cubic feet and 1 sound tape reel. |
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* [https://www.loc.gov/rr/rarebook/coll/rad.html "The Radical Pamphlet Collection"]. The [[Library of Congress]] has materials from the Communist Party USA. |
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== Pranala luar == |
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{{Commons category|Communist Party USA}} |
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* [http://depts.washington.edu/moves/CP_map-votes.shtml Communist Party Votes by States and Counties 1922-1946] – peta kekuatan partai, jumlah suara untuk partai dan calon di setiap county dan pemilu sejak 1922 sampai 1946 |
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* [http://www.cpusa.org CPUSA website] – termasuk koleksi [http://www.cpusa.org/article/static/511/ tanya-jawab] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618060128/http://www.cpusa.org/article/static/511/ |date=2009-06-18 }} |
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* [http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090711155158/http://www.yclusa.org/ Young Communist League USA] – kelompok pemuda |
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* [http://www.peoplesworld.org ''People's World''] – surat kabar mingguan |
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* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/Communist ''The Communist''] – sebagian arsip tahun 1927–1944 |
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* [http://www.communistpartyhouston.org/ Houston, Texas Communist Party USA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119152125/http://communistpartyhouston.org/ |date=2015-11-19 }} – cabang partai |
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* [http://www.marxisthistory.org Early American Marxism] – koleksi dokumen sumber primer (1919–1946) |
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* [http://faculty.washington.edu/gregoryj/cpproject/ Communism in Washington State History and Memory Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011122550/http://faculty.washington.edu/gregoryj/cpproject/ |date=2012-10-11 }} |
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* [https://archive.org/details/ManifestoAndProgram.Constitution.ReportToTheCommunistInternational Manifesto and program. Constitution. Report to the Communist International] – pamflet pertama Partai Komunis Amerika Serikat |
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* [https://archive.org/details/ManifestoToTheWorkersOfAmerica Manifesto to the workers of America] |
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* [[iarchive:CPUSA|Berkas FBI tentang CPUSA]] di [[Internet Archive]] |
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{{Partai Komunis Amerika Serikat}} |
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{{Brigade Internasional XV}} |
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{{Partai politik Amerika Serikat}} |
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{{Partai komunis di Amerika Serikat}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Partai Komunis Amerika Serikat}} |
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[[Kategori:Partai Komunis Amerika Serikat| ]] |
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[[Kategori:Pendirian tahun 1919 di Amerika Serikat]] |
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[[Kategori:Organisasi anti-fasis]] |
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[[Kategori:Organisasi anti-rasis di Amerika Serikat]] |
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[[Kategori:Target COINTELPRO]] |
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[[Kategori:Seksi Komintern]] |
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[[Kategori:Partai Marxis-Leninis di Amerika Serikat]] |
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[[Kategori:Partai non-intervensionis]] |
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[[Kategori:Partai komunis terlarang]] |
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[[Kategori:Partai sayap kiri di Amerika Serikat]] |
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[[Kategori:Hubungan Amerika Serikat dengan Uni Soviet]] |
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[[Kategori:Partai politik yang didirikan tahun 1919]] |
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[[Kategori:William Z. Foster]] |
Revisi terkini sejak 31 Maret 2024 23.29
Communist Party of the United States of America | |
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Ketua umum | John Bachtell |
Dibentuk | 1919 |
Kantor pusat | 235 W. 23rd Street, New York City, New York, 10011 |
Surat kabar | People's World |
Sayap pemuda | Young Communist League (1920–2015) |
Keanggotaan | ±5.000[1] |
Ideologi | Sosialisme konvensi hak asasi manusia[2] Komunisme[3] Marxisme–Leninisme[3] |
Posisi politik | Kiri jauh[4] |
Afiliasi internasional | Pertemuan Partai Komunis dan Buruh Internasional |
Warna | Merah |
Situs web | |
cpusa | |
Partai Komunis Amerika Serikat atau Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA)[5] adalah partai komunis di Amerika Serikat yang didirikan tahun 1919 setelah pecah dari Partai Sosialis Amerika.[6]
CPUSA memiliki sejarah panjang dan rumit yang berkaitan erat dengan gerakan buruh Amerika Serikat dan sejarah partai komunis di seluruh dunia. Partai ini memiliki pengaruh besar dalam politik Amerika Serikat pada paruh pertama abad ke-20 dan berperan penting dalam gerakan buruh tahun 1920-an sampai 1940-an. Partai ini kemudian dikenal karena menentang rasisme dan segregasi ras. Jumlah anggotanya naik saat Depresi Besar, tetapi ditutup tidak lama kemudian karena beberapa faktor seperti Ketakutan Merah kedua dan pengaruh McCarthyisme. Selain itu, dukungan CPUSA terhadap Uni Soviet menjauhkan partai ini dari seluruh sayap kiri di Amerika Serikat pada tahun 1960-an.
CPUSA mendapat sumbangan besar dari Uni Soviet dan menyesuaikan sikap publiknya dengan sikap Soviet.[7] CPUSA juga memiliki agen rahasia untuk membantu agen Soviet melakukan aktivitas mata-mata di Amerika Serikat dan memanfaatkan sejumlah organisasi kedok untuk mengubah opini masyarakat.[8]
CPUSA menolak glastnost dan perestroika di Uni Soviet. Atas sikap ini, Partai Komunis Uni Soviet menghentikan sumbangan kepada CPUSA pada tahun 1989. Partai ini sampai sekarang masih berideologi Marxisme–Leninisme.
Calon presiden Amerika Serikat
[sunting | sunting sumber]Tahun | Presiden | Wakil Presiden | Suara | Persen | Nama |
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1924 | William Z. Foster | Benjamin Gitlow | 38,669 | 0.13% | Partai Pekerja Amerika |
1928 | William Z. Foster | Benjamin Gitlow | 48,551 | 0.13% | Partai Pekerja (Komunis) Amerika |
1932 | William Z. Foster | James W. Ford | 103,307 | 0.26% | Partai Komunis Amerika Serikat |
1936 | Earl Browder | James W. Ford | 79,315 | 0.17% | |
1940 | Earl Browder | James W. Ford | 48,557 | 0.10% | |
1948 | Tidak ada; mendukung Henry Wallace | Tidak ada; mendukung Glen H. Taylor | N/A | ||
1952 | Tidak ada; mendukung Vincent Hallinan | Tidak ada; mendukung Charlotta Bass | |||
1968 | Charlene Mitchell | Michael Zagarell | 1,077 | 0.00% | |
1972 | Gus Hall | Jarvis Tyner | 25,597 | 0.03% | |
1976 | Gus Hall | Jarvis Tyner | 58,709 | 0.07% | |
1980 | Gus Hall | Angela Davis | 44,933 | 0.05% | |
1984 | Gus Hall | Angela Davis | 36,386 | 0.04% |
- Menurut situs web partai: "Partai Komunis tidak mendukung calon dari partai lain, tetapi kami turut mendorong masyarakat menggunakan hak pilihnya di pemilihan umum".
Petinggi partai
[sunting | sunting sumber]Nama | Periode | Jabatan |
---|---|---|
Charles Ruthenberg[9] | 1919–1927 | Sekretaris Eksekutif CPA lama (1919–1920); Sekretaris Eksekutif WPA/W(C)P (Mei 1922 – 1927) |
Alfred Wagenknecht | 1919–1921 | Sekretaris Eksekutif CLP (1919–1920); UCP (1920–1921) |
Charles Dirba | 1920–1921 | Sekretaris Eksekutif CPA lama (1920–1921); CPA bersatu (30 Mei 1921 – 27 Juli 1921) |
Louis Shapiro | 1920 | Sekretaris Eksekutif CPA lama |
L.E. Katterfeld | 1921 | Sekretaris Eksekutif CPA bersatu |
William Weinstone | 1921–1922 | Sekretaris Eksekutif CPA bersatu |
Jay Lovestone | 1922; 1927–1929 | Sekretaris Eksekutif CPA bersatu (22 Februari 1922 – 22 Agustus 1922); W(C)P/CPUSA (1927–1929) |
James P. Cannon[10] | 1921–1922 | Ketua Nasional WPA |
Caleb Harrison | 1921–1922 | Sekretaris Eksekutif WPA |
Abram Jakira | 1922–1923 | Sekretaris Eksekutif CPA bersatu |
William Z. Foster[11] | 1929–1934; 1945–1957 | Ketua Partai |
Earl Browder | 1934–1945 | Ketua Partai |
Eugene Dennis | 1945–1959 | Sekretaris Umum |
Gus Hall | 1959–2000 | Sekretaris Umum |
Sam Webb | 2000–2014 | Ketua |
John Bachtell | 2014–sekarang | Ketua |
Lihat juga
[sunting | sunting sumber]Catatan kaki
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Pecinovsky, Tony (February 21, 2017). "Trump sparks communist growth surge". CPUSA Online.
- ^ "Bill of Rights Socialism". CPUSA Online. May 1, 2016. Diakses tanggal October 30, 2017.
- ^ a b "CPUSA Constitution". CPUSA Online. September 20, 2001. Diakses tanggal October 30, 2017.
- ^ Pierard, Richard (1998). "American Extremists: Militias, Supremacists, Klansmen, Communists, & Others. By John George and Laird Wilcox. Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Press, 1996. 443 pp. $18.95". Journal of Church and State. Oxford Journals. 40 (4): 912–913. doi:10.1093/jcs/40.4.912. Diakses tanggal October 30, 2017.
- ^ "The name of this organization shall be the Communist Party of the United States of America.. Art. I of the "Constitution of the Communist Party of the United States of America".
- ^ Constitution of the Communist Party USA. CPUSA Online. 2001.
- ^ Harvey Klehr, John Earl Haynes, and Kyrill M. Anderson, The Soviet World of American Communism, Yale University Press (1998); ISBN 0-300-07150-7; p. 148.
- ^ Harvey Klehr, John Earl Haynes and Kyrill M. Anderson, The Soviet World of American Communism, Yale University Press (1998); ISBN 0-300-07150-7; p. 74.
- ^ "C. E. Ruthenberg Page".
- ^ "The James P. Cannon Library".
- ^ "William Z. Foster" Diarsipkan 2019-02-23 di Wayback Machine..
Bacaan lanjutan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Arnesen, Eric, "Civil Rights and the Cold War at Home: Postwar Activism, Anticommunism, and the Decline of the Left", American Communist History (2012), 11#1 pp 5–44.
- Draper, Theodore, The Roots of American Communism. New York: Viking, 1957.
- Draper, Theodore, American Communism and Soviet Russia: The Formative Period. New York: Viking, 1960.
- Draper, Theodore, The Roots of American Communism. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers (Originally published by Viking Press in 1957). ISBN 0-7658-0513-8.
- Howe, Irving and Lewis Coser, The American Communist Party: A Critical History. Boston: Beacon Press, 1957.
- Isserman, Maurice, Which Side Were You On?: The American Communist Party During the Second World War. Wesleyan University Press, 1982 and 1987.
- Jaffe, Philip J., Rise and Fall of American Communism. Horizon Press, 1975.
- Klehr, Harvey. The Heyday of American Communism: The Depression Decade, Basic Books, 1984.
- Klehr, Harvey and Haynes, John Earl, The American Communist Movement: Storming Heaven Itself, Twayne Publishers (Macmillan), 1992.
- Klehr, Harvey, John Earl Haynes, and Fridrikh Igorevich Firsov. The Secret World of American Communism. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995.
- Klehr, Harvey, Kyrill M. Anderson, and John Earl Haynes. The Soviet World of American Communism. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998.
- Lewy, Guenter, The Cause That Failed: Communism in American Political Life. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
- McDuffie, Erik S., Sojourning for Freedom: Black Women, American Communism, and the Making of Black Left Feminism. Durham: Duke University Press, 2011
- Ottanelli, Fraser M., The Communist Party of the United States: From the Depression to World War II. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1991.
- Palmer, Bryan, James P. Cannon and the Origins of the American Revolutionary Left, 1890–1928. Urbana, IL: Illinois University Press, 2007.
- Service, Robert. Comrades!: a history of world communism (2007).
- Shannon, David A., The Decline of American Communism: A History of the Communist Party of the United States since 1945. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1959.
- Starobin, Joseph R., American Communism in Crisis, 1943–1957. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972.
- Zumoff, Jacob A. The Communist International and US Communism, 1919-1929. [2014] Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2015.
- Note: the number of articles, pamphlets and books directly or tangentially relating to communism in the United States and the CPUSA is vast, numbering into the thousands of titles. For a selection of the most important titles, see bibliography on American Communism.
Arsip
[sunting | sunting sumber]- "Communist Party of the United States of America Records". Tamiment Library & Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives. New York University. 1892-2009.
- "Communist Party of the United States of America Records" Diarsipkan 2014-02-23 di Wayback Machine.. 1956–1960. 100 items.
- "Communist Party of the United States of America, Washington State District Records" Diarsipkan 2010-07-05 di Wayback Machine.. 1919–2003. 8.93 cubic feet (12 boxes).
- "Marion S. Kinney Papers" Diarsipkan 2014-02-23 di Wayback Machine.. Circa 1941–1981. 18 cubic feet and 1 sound tape reel.
- "The Radical Pamphlet Collection". The Library of Congress has materials from the Communist Party USA.
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Communist Party Votes by States and Counties 1922-1946 – peta kekuatan partai, jumlah suara untuk partai dan calon di setiap county dan pemilu sejak 1922 sampai 1946
- CPUSA website – termasuk koleksi tanya-jawab Diarsipkan 2009-06-18 di Wayback Machine.
- Young Communist League USA – kelompok pemuda
- People's World – surat kabar mingguan
- The Communist – sebagian arsip tahun 1927–1944
- Houston, Texas Communist Party USA Diarsipkan 2015-11-19 di Wayback Machine. – cabang partai
- Early American Marxism – koleksi dokumen sumber primer (1919–1946)
- Communism in Washington State History and Memory Project Diarsipkan 2012-10-11 di Wayback Machine.
- Manifesto and program. Constitution. Report to the Communist International – pamflet pertama Partai Komunis Amerika Serikat
- Manifesto to the workers of America
- Berkas FBI tentang CPUSA di Internet Archive
- Partai Komunis Amerika Serikat
- Pendirian tahun 1919 di Amerika Serikat
- Organisasi anti-fasis
- Organisasi anti-rasis di Amerika Serikat
- Target COINTELPRO
- Seksi Komintern
- Partai Marxis-Leninis di Amerika Serikat
- Partai non-intervensionis
- Partai komunis terlarang
- Partai sayap kiri di Amerika Serikat
- Hubungan Amerika Serikat dengan Uni Soviet
- Partai politik yang didirikan tahun 1919
- William Z. Foster